University Of Gothenburg Research Articles

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes.

Pediatric DiabetesVolume 19, Issue S27 p. 205-226 ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes Peter Adolfsson, Corresponding Author Peter Adolfsson peter.adolfsson@regionhalland.se orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-9737 Department of Pediatrics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Correspondence Peter Adolfsson, Department of Pediatrics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Email: peter.adolfsson@regionhalland.seSearch for more papers by this authorMichael C. Riddell, Michael C. Riddell orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7559 Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorCraig E. Taplin, Craig E. Taplin Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WashingtonSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth A. Davis, Elizabeth A. Davis Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul A. Fournier, Paul A. Fournier School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorFrancesca Annan, Francesca Annan Children and Young People's Diabetes Service, University College London Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorAndrea E. Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Scaramuzza Division of Pediatrics, ASST Cremona, “Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona”, Cremona, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorDhruvi Hasnani, Dhruvi Hasnani Diacare-Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSabine E. Hofer, Sabine E. Hofer orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-0062 Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author Peter Adolfsson, Corresponding Author Peter Adolfsson peter.adolfsson@regionhalland.se orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-9737 Department of Pediatrics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Correspondence Peter Adolfsson, Department of Pediatrics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Email: peter.adolfsson@regionhalland.seSearch for more papers by this authorMichael C. Riddell, Michael C. Riddell orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7559 Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorCraig E. Taplin, Craig E. Taplin Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WashingtonSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth A. Davis, Elizabeth A. Davis Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul A. Fournier, Paul A. Fournier School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorFrancesca Annan, Francesca Annan Children and Young People's Diabetes Service, University College London Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorAndrea E. Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Scaramuzza Division of Pediatrics, ASST Cremona, “Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona”, Cremona, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorDhruvi Hasnani, Dhruvi Hasnani Diacare-Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSabine E. Hofer, Sabine E. Hofer orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-0062 Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12755Citations: 106Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, IssueS27Supplement: International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018, 11–14 October 2018, Hyderabad, India. Guest Editor: David M. Maahs. Special Guest Editor: Mark SperlingOctober 2018Pages 205-226 RelatedInformation

Three Positivist Disputes in the 1960s

The West German positivist dispute in the 1960s is well known and thoroughly studied. At about the same time positivist disputes also took place in two Scandinavian countries: one in Norway and one in Sweden. What did the front lines in the debate look like in the three countries? What was the outcome of the different disputes? The main focus in the article is on the Swedish case, but some comparative perspectives relating to the three disputes will also be presented. The Swedish positivist dispute originated with Gerard Radnitzky’s doctoral dissertation in theory of science, defended at the University of Gothenburg in May 1968, Contemporary Schools of Metascience (2 volumes). The dissertation caused a stir of controversy. It meant a challenge to the Swedish philsophical establishment because it leaned heavily on continental philosophers such as Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, who at the time were more or less unknown in Sweden. The controversy was continuated in the following years, most notably in the leftist journal Häften för kritiska studier (Notebooks for Critical Studies).

Pedagogisk forskning vid Göteborgs universitet 1963 – 1975

The article is a personal text about pedagogical research and the department of education at the University of Gothenburg in the years 1963 - 1975. In the beginning there was a thin line of demarcation between departments of education and psychology. Only a corridor separated them. The research within education was characterized by studies related to the ongoing reforms of the school system. Several of the studies that carried out gave a scientific base for the education policy. These led to the foundation longitudinal studies.
 During the period, the research community changed. Funds for research groups were added and a new doctorate exam was introduced. During the first years of the period, the university was small and there was free access to all study courses. I followed the seminars in General and Comparative Ethnography and Theory of Science. The University was rather small. Towards the end of the period, universities had more than doubled the number of students and it was barely understandable variety of subjects and programs. The departments in psychology and education had different profiles and attracted different student groups.
 Initially, research was often an individual project with none or little of financial support. There were no education programs for doctoral students. In the year of 1975 there was a completely different organization for research; with research groups, and doctoral studies was a specific study program.
 Finally, my purpose was to describe the growth of the university system – with the University of Gothenburg in focus – during the period 1963 – 1975 in general and how education as science was formed in particular.

Internship as a Mean for Integration. A Critical Study

Creating internships for newly arrived refugees and immigrants is a well-established part of the Swedish national integration program and is seen as a strategy to speed up immigrants’ establishment process. One common belief is that the workplace is expected to give the newly arrived trainee necessary language training, as well as contextual and cultural knowledge. Here, the transferring direction of knowledge is from the Swedish workplace to the receiving newly arrived trainee. However, it is rarely discussed whether the trainee will bring valuable knowledge to the organization, or what the relational aspects of the internship should look like. In this paper, we develop the analysis of internships as a mean for integration in Sweden, by analyzing what trainees and their supervisors experience in terms of knowledge transfer and development. By interviewing trainees (4) and supervisors (5), the aim of this paper is to discuss ideas and practices in an internship program for refugees that The University of Gothenburg started in 2015. The interviews focus on the structural and organizational level, though individual experiences also play a central role. Theoretically, the analysis is interdisciplinary and a cross-cut between organizational theory and cultural studies, especially the work of Sara Ahmed. Our results show that the trainee is seen both as a resource and as someone who represents multiculturalism, hospitality, and the altruism of the university and its employees. The trainee is expected not only to integrate in a productive way, but also to stand out in non-productive areas, such as the social context.

Stairways to Denmark: Does the Sequence of State-Building and Democratization Matter for Economic Development?

The research was funded by the Research Council Norway, Young Research Talent grant, pnr 240505. PI: Carl Henrik Knutsen, Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, and was also supported by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Grant M13-0559:1, PI: Staff an I. Lindberg, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Recovery of kinematic arm function in well-performing people with subacute stroke: a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundMost motor function improvements in people who have experienced strokes occur within the first 3 months. However, individuals showing complete or nearly complete arm function recovery, as assessed using clinical scales, still show certain movement kinematic deficits at 3 months, post-stroke. This study evaluated the changes in upper extremity kinematics, in individuals demonstrating minor clinical motor impairments, 3–12 months post-stroke, and also examined the association between kinematics and the subjects’s self-perceived hand abilities during the chronic stage, 12 months post-stroke.MethodsForty-two subjects recovering from strokes and having Fugl-Meyer upper extremity motor assessment scores ≥60 were included from the Stroke Arm Longitudinal Study at the University of Gothenburg (SALGOT). Kinematic analyses of a drinking task, performed 3, 6, and 12 months post-stroke, were compared with kinematic analyses performed in 35 healthy controls. The Stroke Impact Scale-Hand domain was evaluated at the 12-month follow-up.ResultsThere were no significant changes in kinematic performance between 3 and 12 months, post-stroke. The patients recovering from stroke showed lower peak elbow extension velocities, and increased shoulder abduction and trunk displacement during drinking than did healthy controls, at all time points. At 12 months, post-stroke, better self-perceived arm functions correlated with improved trunk displacements, movement times, movement units, and time to peak velocity percentages.ConclusionKinematic movement deficits, observed at 3 months post-stroke, remained unchanged at 12 months. Movement kinematics were associated with the patient’s self-perceived ability to use their more affected hand.Trial registrationClinicalTrials: NCT01115348.

The Univalence Axiom in Cubical Sets

In this note we show that Voevodsky’s univalence axiom holds in the model of type theory based on cubical sets as described in Bezem et al. (in: Matthes and Schubert (eds.) 19th international conference on types for proofs and programs (TYPES 2013), Leibniz international proceedings in informatics (LIPIcs), Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, vol 26, pp 107–128, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2013.107. http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2014/4628) and Huber (A model of type theory in cubical sets. Licentiate thesis, University of Gothenburg, 2015). We will also discuss Swan’s construction of the identity type in this variation of cubical sets. This proves that we have a model of type theory supporting dependent products, dependent sums, univalent universes, and identity types with the usual judgmental equality, and this model is formulated in a constructive metatheory.

Therapeutic Attenuation of Cardiac Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Conversation With Marc A. Pfeffer, MD, PhD.

Marc Pfeffer, MD, PhD, is the Dzau Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School; and Senior Physician, Cardiovascular Division at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He was born in Brooklyn, NY, and obtained his MD and PhD at the University of Oklahoma. He married his late wife and research collaborator, Janice Pfeffer, PhD, in 1970. He has won numerous awards, including the American Heart Association James B. Herrick Award for Outstanding Achievements in Clinical Cardiology (2013) and the American Heart Association Distinguished Scientist Award (2015), the American College of Cardiology Distinguished Scientist Award (Translational Domain; 2017), and an Honorary Doctoral Degree from Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2014). ### Dr Rutherford asks: In the early 1970s, you, and your late wife Janice, studied adrenergic mechanisms and cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular function, as well, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. What led to your initial animal studies on acute myocardial infarction and your interest in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? Dr Pfeffer replies: As graduate students in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Oklahoma, my late wife, Janice, and I had the privilege to work under the tutelage of Edward D. Frohlich, MD, who is a pioneer in the hemodynamics of hypertension with a major emphasis on the response of the heart to the augmented workload imposed by hypertension. He was keenly interested in the functional consequences of developing left ventricular hypertrophy and obtained breeding stock of the newly developed Japanese strain of the SHR. We developed methods to assess hemodynamics and left ventricular function to compare normotensive with hypertensive rats during aging. We found a marked age-associated deterioration in contractile performance in the hypertensive rats that could be prevented by a variety of antihypertensive agents. Our studies of the longitudinal changes in ventricular structure and function in an animal model of genetic hypertension caught the attention of Eugene Braunwald, MD, who was organizing a Program Project Grant on the Pathophysiology of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy at the then Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. We moved to the Brigham in 1976 as his postdoctoral fellows (me as a medical intern) …

What factors motivate junior doctors to engage as clinical tutors? A qualitative study.

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore and identify factors motivating junior doctors to engage as long-term clinical tutors in undergraduate medical education. MethodsIn this qualitative study, twenty-seven participants were recruited among junior doctors attending preparatory tutor courses at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and the Primary Healthcare system, West Sweden. They were asked to respond to open-ended questions and write a short account of their needs as clinical tutors for medical students. A qualitative content analysis was performed. ResultsA main theme emerged: “Let me develop my skills in a supportive workplace, provide feedback and merits, and I will continue tutoring”. Participants described suitable personality as fundamental, and the need to develop professional skills, both as clinical tutors and physicians. Tutor education was an important source of knowledge and stimulation. A workplace environment, supporting learning and the tutor’s role, was considered important, including having an adequate time frame. A clear and well-prepared assignment was regarded essential. Junior doctors requested feedback and merits in their work as long-term tutors. Clinical tutorship was considered an optional task. ConclusionsIn this exploratory study, motivating factors of junior doctors’ engagement as future long-term tutors were identified. It is important to form a process where junior doctors can build up professional competence as clinical tutors and physicians. To ensure a sustainable tutorship in the future, we suggest that universities and healthcare authorities acknowledge and further study these motivating factors.

A possible connection between childhood pain, joint hypermobility and Neurodevelopmental disorders.

Acta PaediatricaVolume 107, Issue 9 p. 1656-1656 Reader's Forum A possible connection between childhood pain, joint hypermobility and Neurodevelopmental disorders Elisabeth Fernell, Corresponding Author Elisabeth Fernell elisabeth.fernell@gnc.gu.se orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-7747 Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Correspondence Elisabeth Fernell, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Tel: +46 (0) 31 3425970 | Fax: +46 (0) 31 109 030 | Email: elisabeth.fernell@gnc.gu.seSearch for more papers by this authorEric Ronge, Eric Ronge Department of Paediatrics, Skaraborg′s Hospital, Skövde, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Elisabeth Fernell, Corresponding Author Elisabeth Fernell elisabeth.fernell@gnc.gu.se orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-7747 Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Correspondence Elisabeth Fernell, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Tel: +46 (0) 31 3425970 | Fax: +46 (0) 31 109 030 | Email: elisabeth.fernell@gnc.gu.seSearch for more papers by this authorEric Ronge, Eric Ronge Department of Paediatrics, Skaraborg′s Hospital, Skövde, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 April 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14359Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume107, Issue9September 2018Pages 1656-1656 RelatedInformation

Self-Censorship in Authoritarian States: Response Bias in Measures of Popular Support in China

For helpful comments, we thank Oscar Almen, Nicholas Kerr, Pierre Landry, Staffan I. Lindberg, Ellen Lust, Kyle Marquardt, Sven Oskarsson, Daniela Stockmann, Katrin Uba, and Samantha A. Vortherms, and Vincent Wen for translation. We are further grateful to Galostiftelsen for financial support for data collection. Marcus Tannenberg also wishes to acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council, Grant 439-2014-38, PI: Pam Fredman, Vice-Chancellor, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Reinhold W. Stockbrugger (1941–2018)

Reinhold W. Stockbrugger (1941–2018)

Negative to That of Others, But Negligent of One’s Own?

In 2015–2016 the Centre for Critical Heritage Studies at the University of Gothenburg conducted an interdisciplinary pilot project in collaboration with the SOM-institute. The aim was to demonstrate the usefulness of combining an analysis rooted in the field of critical heritage studies with statistics. The study was based on a critical discussion of the concept of cultural heritage and the data was collected from the nationwide SOM-surveys. The paper highlights some patterns in the SOM data from 2015 on sociodemographic and attitude differences in activities traditionally associated with national cultural heritage instititions: 1) women are more involved in activities than men; 2) besides gender, class and education are also important variables in this context. 3) The most important finding in this paper is that people with a negative attitude towards immigration to a lesser degree participate in activities that are traditionally associated with their ‘own’ national cultural heritage.

Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies.

Acta Anaesthesiologica ScandinavicaVolume 62, Issue 5 p. 731-732 PhD Dissertation Abstract Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies Katarina Hallén, Katarina Hallén katarina.hallen@vgregion.se orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-8497 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Katarina Hallén, Katarina Hallén katarina.hallen@vgregion.se orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-8497 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 March 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.13111Citations: 1 Main supervisor: Sophie Lindgren, Associated Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Co-supervisors: Ola Stenqvist, Professor Emeritus, MD, PhD, and Sven-Erik Ricksten, Professor MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Opponent: Claes Frostell, Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Thesis defended: 23 February 2018. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume62, Issue5May 2018Pages 731-732 RelatedInformation

Political Ideology and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Depression: The Swedish Case.

Background: Stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with mental disorders is a well-established and global phenomenon often leading to discrimination and social exclusion. Although previous research in the United States showed that conservative ideology has been related to stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders, there is reason to believe that this mechanism plays a different role in the context of a universal welfare state with a multi-party system such as Sweden. Furthermore, "mental disorders" may signify severe psychotic disorders, which may evoke more negative attitudes. This suggests the importance of specific studies focusing on the more common phenomenon of depression. This paper investigates the relationship between political ideology and stigmatizing attitudes toward depression in Sweden. Methods: This study is part of the New Ways research program. Data were collected by the Laboratory of Opinion Research (LORE) at the University of Gothenburg in 2014 (N = 3246). Independent variables were political ideology and party affiliation. The dependent variable was the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Data were analyzed with linear regression analyses and analyses of variance. Results: More conservative ideology (B = 0.68, standard error [SE] = 0.04, P<.001) and more conservative party affiliation (F(8 2920) = 38.45, P<.001) showed more stigmatizing attitudes toward depression. Item-level analyses revealed a difference where the supporters of the conservative party differed (P<.05) from supporters of the liberal party, with a higher proportion agreeing that "people could snap out of " depression if they wanted to; the populist right-wing party differed from the conservative party with a higher proportion agreeing on items displaying people with depression as "dangerous" and "unpredictable." Even self-stigma was highest among the populist right-wing party with 22.3% agreeing that "if I had depression I wouldn’t tell…." Conclusion: Political ideology was associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward depression in Sweden. The results also confirm the need to distinguish between different forms of conservatism by observing social distance as being a more important driver among voters for the populist right-wing party compared with personal agency and responsibility among voters for the more traditional conservative party.

28th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT28)

Conference summaryThe International Conference on Low Temperature Physics is an international meeting held every three years, under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) through its Commission C5 on Low Temperature Physics. The aim of these conferences is to exchange information and views among the members of the international scientific community in the general field of low temperature physics. It is a tradition that the breadth of scientific research that takes place at low temperatures and makes use of, or contributes to, low temperature physics technologies, finds a commonality in this international conference series. The LT28 conference was organized in this tradition to provide updates on various topics by distinguished researchers in their fields, including plenary and half-plenary talks, invited and contributed oral presentations, and posters. The conference covered five subtopics which have evolved since the last few conferences in this series. These are Quantum fluids and solids, Superconductivity, Cryogenic techniques and applications, Magnetism and quantum phase transitions, and Quantum transport and quantum information.Gothenburg is situated in the center of Scandinavia, on the Swedish west coast, and is easily accessed by air. The city’s two universities, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, were the official conference hosts. Both have a long tradition in low temperature physics research, particularly superconductivity, quantum transport, and quantum information.

Sleep deprivation and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

To investigate the cumulative effect of five consecutive nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in healthy adults. A randomized, cross-over study conducted at the University of Gothenburg. The participants (N = 13) were healthy adults (20-40 years of age) with a normal sleeping pattern. The participants underwent a baseline sleep period consisting of five nights with 8 hr spent in bed. A subsequent period with PSD consisted of five nights of maximum 4 hr of sleep per night. Four participants were also subjected to a prolonged period of PSD consisting of eight nights with 4 hr of sleep per night. Sleep was monitored by means of observation, actigraphy, and continuous polysomnographic recordings. CSF samples were collected by routine lumbar puncture after each period. CSF biomarkers included the 38, 40, and 42 amino acid-long Aβ isoforms, total-τ, phospho-τ, orexin, monoamine metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, homovanillinic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), neuron-derived biomarkers (neurofilament light, neuron-specific enolase, and fatty acid-binding protein), and astro- and microglia-derived biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100B, and YKL-40). PSD was associated with a 27 per cent increase in CSF orexin concentrations (p = 0.001). No PSD-related changes in CSF biomarkers for amyloid build-up in the brain, Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type neurodegeneration, or astroglial activation were observed. PSD led to a shortening of time spent in all sleep stages except slow-wave sleep (SWS). Five to eight consecutive nights of PSD, with preserved SWS, increased CSF orexin but had no effect on CSF biomarkers for amyloid deposition, neuronal injury, and astroglial activation.

Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults in the USA, Canada, and the UK: a cross-sectional population-based study

The population prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associations for Rome IV functional dyspepsia are not known. Following the publication of the Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders, we aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and associations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults across the USA, Canada, and the UK. We sent an internet-based cross-sectional health survey to adults in the general population of three English-speaking countries: the USA, Canada, and the UK. We used quota-based sampling to generate demographically balanced and population-representative samples. Individuals were invited to complete an online questionnaire on general health, without mention that the purpose of this survey was to examine gastrointestinal symptoms. We excluded participants who failed two attention-test questions or were excessively inconsistent on the three gastrointestinal questions that were presented twice in the survey for this particular purpose. The survey enquired about demographics, health-care visits, medications, somatisation, quality of life, and symptom-based criteria for Rome IV functional dyspepsia as well as for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional heartburn. We made subsequent comparisons between participants with Rome IV functional dyspepsia and controls without dyspepsia. The primary objective was to identify participants who fulfilled symptom-based criteria for Rome IV functional dyspepsia and categorise them into postprandial distress syndrome, epigastric pain syndrome, or overlapping subtypes. 6300 general population adults completed the health survey; 2100 each from the USA, Canada, and the UK. 369 responses were deemed inconsistent, leaving data for 5931 adults. Rome IV functional dyspepsia was significantly more prevalent in the USA (232 [12%] of 1949) than in Canada (167 [8%] of 1988) and the UK (152 [8%] of 1994; p<0·0001). The subtype distribution was 61% postprandial distress syndrome, 18% epigastric pain syndrome, and 21% overlapping variant with both syndromes; this pattern was similar across the countries. Participants with functional dyspepsia had significantly greater health impairment and health-care usage than those without dyspepsia. Participants with the overlapping variant showed greater somatisation and poorer quality-of-life scores than did individuals with either postprandial distress syndrome or epigastric pain syndrome alone. In multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with all functional dyspepsia subtypes included worsening quality of life and the presence of symptoms compatible with functional heartburn and IBS, with functional heartburn and IBS having the strongest association with overlapping postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. Notably, somatisation showed a positive association with postprandial distress syndrome and the overlapping variant, and use of antidepressants showed a negative association with postprandial distress syndrome. Approximately 10% of the adult population fulfils symptom-based criteria for Rome IV functional dyspepsia and incurs considerable associated health impairment. The functional dyspepsia subtypes show differing associations, suggesting differences in pathophysiological processes or influences. The Rome Foundation, the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Swedish Medical Research Council, AFA Insurance, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Keeping the Democratic Façade: Contemporary Autocratization as a Game of Deception

For helpful comments, we thank Scott Gates, Kyle Marquardt, Jan Teorell, and participants of the APSA General Conference (8/2017), the V-Dem Research conference (5/2018) the post-doctoral working group at the University of Gothenburg and the HU/Princeton workshop on constitutionalism, dissent and resistance (6/2018), where earlier versions of this paper were discussed. In particular, we are grateful to Rick Morgen who helped to better operationalize our idea of autocratization episodes. We also benefited immensely from Philipp Tonjes’ skillful research assistance. This research was supported by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Grant M13-0559:1, PI: Staffan I. Lindberg, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation to Wallenberg Academy Fellow Staffan I. Lindberg, Grant 2013.0166, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; ERC Consolidator Grant 724191, PI: Staffan I. Lindberg, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; as well as by internal grants from the Vice-Chancellor’s office, the Dean of the College of Social Sciences, and the Department of Political Science at University of Gothenburg.

Universities as role models for sustainability: a case study on implementation of University of Gothenburg climate strategy, results and experiences from 2011 to 2015

This paper undertakes the concept of universities as role models for sustainability, regenerative sustainability and universities as living laboratories through a case study from University of Gothenburg and the implementation of the climate strategy. The climate strategy is a comprehensive university-wide strategy, including collaboration between faculty, administration and management, as well as with external stakeholders. With the support of its environmental management system (EMS), the University of Gothenburg manages climate action with a systematic approach, both in implementation and follow-up. This creates opportunities for technical solutions and social learning processes, and allows the University of Gothenburg to serve as a living laboratory and a role model for sustainability. The climate strategy was initiated 2011 and by the end of 2015 the target to reduce total carbon emissions by 20% was almost reached with a reduction of 18.5% compared with the baseline year 2008. The total energy use was reduced by 19%. These results were achieved even though the university revenues, staff/employees as well as students has increased from the year 2008 to 2015.