Egyptian Universities Research Articles

A Shift from a Monoglossic to a Heteroglossic View: Metalinguistic Stego- Translanguaging Lens Approach

This research study aims at replacing monoglossic approaches with a stego-translanguaging pedagogy (i.e., the indirect use of the mother tongue to enhance the target language perception and acquisition). To solve the problematic constant decline in the learners’ reading and writing IELTS scores in Port Said Language Center and to check the influence of the stego-translanguaging approach, two groups of participants were randomly chosen, an experimental group with 33 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners from different colleges in Port Said University in Egypt and a control group with 30 EFL learners. The participants in the experimental group followed a heteroglossic pedagogy, whereas the control group followed a strictly non-plurilingual monolingual approach. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the stego-translanguaging approach was much more influential in teaching IELTS reading than the monoglossic conventional approach with 1.483 as a mean difference between the two groups as (µ1=7) in the experimental group and (µ2= 5.517) in the control group. Another crucial result was displayed by a parametric test conducted to examine the significant differences between the IELTS writing posttest scores in the experimental and the control groups. The test showed that µ1 > µ2 with an estimation difference of 1.535, where µ1= 6.818 and µ2 = 5.28

Internships In Tourism And Hospitality: An Analytical Study Of The Impact On Students’ Knowledge And Skills

Tourism teaching plays an important role in supporting tourism development. It ensures the continuous supply of quality of human resources to meet the overpowering industry requirements. To channel the gap between students’ academic experience and the requirements of employers, most of tourism and hotel academic enterprises provide internship agenda. The internship has become an essential component of almost all hospitality programs worldwide. Internships support a real-work practices to students that looking for exploring or acquiring related to knowledge and skills required to be involved in a career area. Internships are of a relatively short term with the primary focus on getting some training and taking what has been learned in the theoretical lectures and applying it to the real world. The internship should be a chance for the students to gain entry to a certain establishment. This research aims to examine the effect of internship agenda on students’ knowledge , attitudes and skills. It explores the benefits and challenges of internships in the tourism and hospitality sector, and how these affect students’ desire to work in the career in the future. The population of this study includes students of faculties of tourism and hotels in Nine public universities in Egypt.

تحدید منبئات الوعی الغذائی لدى الطلاب باستخدام الانحدار اللوجستی: دراسة حالة لکلیة السیاحة والفنادق بجامعة المنیا فی مصر

This research aims to determine the predictors of nutritional awareness level among the hospitality students using multinomial logistic regression. A total sample is 233 (35.8 %) student was selected using stratified random sampling for the students of the hotel management department at the faculty of tourism and hotels in Minia University in Egypt. The results revealed that the average nutritional awareness level is 16.61 out of 25, where this level equals 66.4%, which refers to an average level. In addition, the level of nutritional awareness is a significant difference according to the family size, the preference level of the food and beverage sector, and the importance level of nutritional awareness. Moreover, the results of multinomial logistic regression revealed that the students of the first, second and third stages are more conscious nutritionally than the fourth-year students by 2.094, 0.969, and 0.544 respectively, and the family with one and two individuals is less aware than the family of five and more, by 0.520, and 0.659 respectively. While the family with three members and four members are more aware of the family with five members by 0.276 and 1.005 respectively. Finally, the students who watch cooking programs are less aware than the students who do not watch these cooking programs by 0.981.

Effect of Developed Technologies on Actuating the Concept of Sustainability (An Analytical Study of the Architectural Education Environment)(Dept.A)

At the end of the 20th century, humankind have made successive progress towards civilizational and scientific communication Digital and electronic applications have become a basis of civilizational superiority in all fields of life after they exceeded the stage of trial. Now, the more realistic question we face is: how d we as users of Sustainable ly advanced systems react positively? The paper focuses on the architectural education after the incapacity of the traditional concept to face the knowledge flow and the informatic revolution which affects labor market. The extent of failure to apply the concept of Sustainability appeared clearly in architectural education. From the beginning of that kind of education it depended on the ideas and philosophies current in every age and linked to the recent scientific and material achievements. In Egypt, the contemporary fact of architectural education still depends on traditional ideas and rules while the labor market relies on the most up-to-date technologies of age that modern mechanics and contemporary electronic education p rograms cake available considering them the fundamentals of the educational process success. Besides, it is necessary to give students the absolute freedom for the individual innovation talents to become clear. What asserts this is that the present classification of subjects in the Egyptian Universities does not adequately focus on actuating these basics at the time when electronic education becomes a necessity and not mere welfare The afore-mentioned electronic education represents respect of the individual abilities and extraordinary cap acity to penetrate spatial, timed, and social obstacles in the educational field in general and the architectural education in particular. The application fields of architectural education are numerous such as designing, p reparing tri-dimensional sketches and models, imitation system, and the vacuum forming in addition to information system and the educational process management. Other fields are also apparent such as the electronic dialogue councils, imaginary classes, and other sides of education from afar which were applied in many international Universities. In addition, numerous researches were made to evaluate them which asserted the ability of these technologies to raise the scientific and skillful standard for students. As a result, this confirms the necessity to actuate these systems in the architectural education in Egypt beginning with putting subjective amendment for their current use in architecture departments in the Egyptian universities. The theme of study was tackled according to the following methodology: - Observing curricula, subjects, and the ways of teaching in some Egyptian Universities. - The electronic education and developed technologies in architectural education. - The study of abilities and fields of applying electronic education theories on architectural education - Towards a Sustainable electronic environment of architectural education. Throughout this study we can conclude a number of results indicating different inability in the average of using computer technology in the architectural education on the level of possibilities, teaching curricula and techniques, and the architectural application fields. This failure is due to a number of economic, organizational, and educational factors that the research seeks to study in the framework of a Sustainable strategy to develop the architectural education in Egypt through an electronic environment.

The Role of the Digital Library Unit in the Egyptian Universities in Addressing the Phenomenon of Publishing in Predatory Journals: A Prospective Study

This study aimed to shed light on the phenomenon of publishing in predatory journals. By define of these journals, types, characteristics, publishing motives in it, and International publishing indicators about them.This study adopted a survey method research to monitor specialized websites and international standards to detect predatory journals, in addition to a checklist to list the website's evaluation items available to disclose these journals.The study came out with a proposed checklist consisting of (47) criteria distributed on seven main axes to verify predatory journals, identification of publishers and classify scientific journals. the effectiveness of these Toole has been proven through an actual application on two journals in the field of library and information. The first is a Sober journal, titled Journal of Librarianship and Information Science (JOLIS), which was verified into Scopus & Web of Science databases, the second predatory journal, titled International Journal of Research in Library Science (IJRLS), and listed by Bill Beall's website .Also, presented a proposed vision to reduce the phenomenon of predatory publishing in the Egyptian universities through the digital library unit in it.Through a review of the literature on the subject area, the study found the lack of awareness of researchers in the Egyptian universities about predatory journals, the danger of publishing, and web sites available for detection them.

" Attitudes of students of library and information departments in Egyptian universities towards electronic tests "

" Attitudes of students of library and information departments in Egyptian universities towards electronic tests "

"Attitudes of students of library and information departments in Egyptian universities towards electronic tests"

"Attitudes of students of library and information departments in Egyptian universities towards electronic tests"

Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Malaysian Medical Students in Tanta University, Egypt

Background: Over the last years, the number of the international students studying in the Egyptian universities and colleges are increased. Good socio-cultural adaptation is necessary for successful academic achievement of the students. Aims: To assess level of socio-cultural adaptation of Malaysian students studying medicine in Tanta University, Egypt and to determine the relationship between some selected students’ sociodemographic characteristics and the level of their adaptation. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 Malaysian students studying at the Tanta faculty of medicine (63 students at basic years and 187 students at clinical years). Respondents were interviewed; using a valid questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data and the Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) to measure the students’ level of socio-cultural adaptation. Results: More than half of the students (65.2%) showed fair adaptation and 18.8% of them showed poor adaptation while good adaptation was found in only 16% of them. Older students (≥ 21 years old), females and single ones experienced more difficulty in adapting, whereas better adaptation was found among students stayed in Egypt longer time and who can understand and speak Arabic language. Conclusions: Sociodemographic characteristics of international students can strongly affect their ability of socio-cultural adaptation in the host country.

The Strategy of User Experience Design to Smart Phone Applications for Egyptian Universities

With the development of using digital technology and the growth in the use of smartphones, that is time for Egyptian universities to find solutions to develop their digital strategies through smartphone applications, that have a dual goal in improving the experience of the current beneficiaries of (faculty members - students - parents - a beneficial community) and support university tasks and activities It also enables prospective students to see what is really happening at the university and feel a part of student life before enrolling as a marketing tool for universities, especially with the development of new programs in Egyptian universities. In order for the application to play its effective role, it is necessary to employ the design treatments for the User Interface in order to achieve the usability and provide a user experience that works efficiently and effectively. The research aims to recognize the reality of designing the user experience of smartphone applications for Egyptian universities to identify the strengths and weaknesses it also attempts to setting standards for designing the user experience for smartphone applications of Egyptian government universities. The research problem can be summarized in the following questions: Does the design of smartphone applications for Egyptian universities achieve efficient and effective user experience standards? How to use the design processes for the user interface and interactive design to achieve usability and provide a user experience that works efficiently and effectively for the smartphone applications of Egyptian universities? The researcher used the descriptive, analytical method and the experimental practical approach to achieve the research objectives. Results showed that; User interface design and attractive interactive design affect the perceptions of users, which is reflected in the ease of use and improving the user experience. The Egyptian public universities that have established their own official application to provide their digital services represent 46% of the total Egyptian public universities. Unofficial applications that violate the intellectual property rights of Egyptian universities represent 15% of all Egyptian public universities. Based on an evaluation of the user experience for actual users, we find that 17% of smartphone applications for Egyptian government universities achieve a successful user experience and 83% of them do not achieve a successful user experience. The division of the university's digital services into more than one application that leads to the lack of success of the user experience and lack of reliability. There is no distinct identity linking Egyptian universities ’smartphone applications under one umbrella, the Ministry of Higher Education. The researcher reached to design a pilot model to design a successful user experience for smart phone applications for Egyptian government universities based on an analysis of the actual user experience of users

Digital Marketing and University's Brand Association

There is a number of Digital Marketing technologies that can arguably be used to trigger and sustain branding snapshots for universities as marketing organizations, including homepage, hypertext, search engines and virtual communities, interactive digital features and social media, and push technology. Universities increasingly need to build and communicate their brand associations as differentiated brands, global brands, customized brands, valued brands, and profitable brands (Best, 2009). This paper argues that Digital Marketing technologies can be devised to build and communicate brand associations for Egyptian universities as follows: Homepage for differentiated branding, Hypertext for customized branding, Search engines, and virtual communities for globalized branding, Digital interactive features, and social media for valued branding, Push technology for good branding.

The Strategy of User Experience Design to Smart Phone Applications for Egyptian Universities

With the development of using digital technology and the growth in the use of smartphones, that is time for Egyptian universities to find solutions to develop their digital strategies through smartphone applications, that have a dual goal in improving the experience of the current beneficiaries of (faculty members - students - parents - a beneficial community) and support university tasks and activities It also enables prospective students to see what is really happening at the university and feel a part of student life before enrolling as a marketing tool for universities, especially with the development of new programs in Egyptian universities. In order for the application to play its effective role, it is necessary to employ the design treatments for the User Interface in order to achieve the usability and provide a user experience that works efficiently and effectively. The research aims to recognize the reality of designing the user experience of smartphone applications for Egyptian universities to identify the strengths and weaknesses it also attempts to setting standards for designing the user experience for smartphone applications of Egyptian government universities. The research problem can be summarized in the following questions: Does the design of smartphone applications for Egyptian universities achieve efficient and effective user experience standards? How to use the design processes for the user interface and interactive design to achieve usability and provide a user experience that works efficiently and effectively for the smartphone applications of Egyptian universities? The researcher used the descriptive, analytical method and the experimental practical approach to achieve the research objectives. Results showed that; User interface design and attractive interactive design affect the perceptions of users, which is reflected in the ease of use and improving the user experience. The Egyptian public universities that have established their own official application to provide their digital services represent 46% of the total Egyptian public universities. Unofficial applications that violate the intellectual property rights of Egyptian universities represent 15% of all Egyptian public universities. Based on an evaluation of the user experience for actual users, we find that 17% of smartphone applications for Egyptian government universities achieve a successful user experience and 83% of them do not achieve a successful user experience. The division of the university's digital services into more than one application that leads to the lack of success of the user experience and lack of reliability. There is no distinct identity linking Egyptian universities ’smartphone applications under one umbrella, the Ministry of Higher Education. The researcher reached to design a pilot model to design a successful user experience for smart phone applications for Egyptian government universities based on an analysis of the actual user experience of users

متطلبات رقمنة الجامعات المصریة فی ضوء بعض الخبرات العالمیة

الملخص العربى : نظرا لأن التحول الرقمي للتعليم الجامعي أصبح ضرورة ملحة تمليها التغيرات العالمية والمحلية، استهدفت الدراسة التوصل إلى قائمة محکمة لمتطلبات التحول الرقمي للجامعات المصرية ، ولتحقيق ذلک استخدم الباحثالمنهج الوصفي في بعده التحليلي حيث قام برصد ماهيةالجامعة الرقمية وأهدافها وأهميتها، ومقوماتها،وکذلکأبرز الخبرات العالمية في الجامعات الرقمية، کما تم استطلاع آراء عينة بلغت (78) من أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات المصرية على استبانة محکمة من اعداد الباحث، وبعد تفسير وتحليل نتائجها توصلت الدراسة إلى قائمة محکمة بالمتطلبات التي ينبغي توافرها في الجامعات المصرية لتتحول إلى جامعات رقمية وهى متطلبات ؛ تنظيمية، وبشرية، وتعليمية، وبحثية، کما اقترحت عددا من التوصيات التي تسهم في سرعة وجودة التحول الرقمي . الملخص الانجليزى : Digital transformation of university education became an urgent necessity required by the global and local transformers. Accordingly, the study targeted a concise list of the requirements for the digital transformation of Egyptian universities. In order to achieve this, the researcher attempted a descriptive method where the importance and objectives of the digital university is meticulously studied. A sample of (78) faculty members in Egyptian universities was surveyed on a court questionnaire prepared by the researcher, and after the interpretation and analysis of its results, the study reached a list of the requirements that should exist in Egyptian universities in order to be digital universities. These requirements are organizational, human, educational, and research requirements. The study also suggested a number of recommendations that contribute to the speed and quality of digital transformation.

A Suggested Strategic Roadmap for Public Egyptian Universities to Adopt and Adapt to the Requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Society 5.0 to Prepare Students for the Future Labor Market

Currently, the world is facing an unprecedented challenge which is “youth bulge” with a high rate of unemployment. It is argued that the employability challenges will be compounded by the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and Society 5.0, and “Open talent economy” is the new economy replacing traditional permanent employees with talented “free lancers” to perform the required work from anywhere in the world. Currently, around the world prefer to employ those who have skills for specific projects. Gig economy primarily depends on two forms of work: “crowd work” and “work on-demand”. In addition, in the last five years, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to replace people in many of routine jobs, and will continue to replace people in new unimaginable jobs that may arise in the future due to the continuous developments of smart technologies. Accordingly, universities all over the world will face a new problem of preparing students for a new way of life and work with a somewhat uncertain future in the coming era that involves a new industrial revolution whose repercussions are unprecedented.Accordingly, there is increasing trend that calls for the necessity of preparing a flexible or liquid workforce able to constantly adapt itself to the requirements of fast-changing labor market, and establishing a culture of flexibility in moving between businesses according to the needs of the labor market which witnessed the emergence of new types of labor across the world. If universities failed to align employability competences with the requirements of 4IR and Society 5.0, the unemployment gap will increase. Thus, the main objective of this study is to propose a strategic roadmap for public Egyptian universities to adopt and adapt to the requirements of the fourth industrial revolution and society 5.0 to prepare students for the future labor market. To achieve this objective, the author adopted both descriptive and exploratory research design, and used mixed methods research approach. Since the requirements of 4IR and Society 5.0 and Gig economy do not depend on national educational that operate in accordance with national standards, but reliance is on the standards set by transnational digital institutions and platform companies, so the national contexts will have minor influence on practices and structure of university education systems, therefore the suggested strategic proposal may be applied by many universities in different educational contexts. Keywords: The Fourth Industrial Revolution; Society 5.0; Strategic Roadmap; Education 4.0; Work 4.0; Egyptian Universities; Gig economy. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

التصنيفات العالمية للجامعات وموقع الجامعات المصرية منها.

استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على التصنيفات العالمية للجامعات من حيث مفهومها وأنواعها ومعاييرها ومؤشراتها، هذا بالإضافة إلى الوقوف على الوضع التنافسي للجامعات المصرية في ضوء تلک التصنيفات، وأخيرا التوصل إلى إجراءات مقترحة للارتقاء بالمرکز التنافسي للجامعات المصرية في ضوء التصنيفات العالمية للجامعات، واستخدم البحث الحالي المنهج الوصفي لدراسة المشکلة، وتوصل في نتائجه إلى إن التصنيفات العالمية للجامعات: تساعد في التعرف على المرکز التنافسي للجامعة الذي تشغله في ترتيب الجامعات محليا وعالميا، تتضمن مجموعة من المعايير والمؤشرات المرتبطة بأداء الجامعة في أنشطتها التعليمية والبحثية والمجتمعية، حصلت الجامعات المصرية على مراکز متأخرة جدا في التصنيفات العالمية للجامعات، بل وغابت نهائيا في بعض السنوات عن التصنيف على المستوى العالمي. International rankings of universities and the location of Egyptian universities The current research aimed to identify the international classifications of universities in terms of their concept, types, criteria and indicators, in addition to the competitive position of the Egyptian universities in the light of these classifications, and finally to reach the proposed measures to improve the competitive position of Egyptian universities in the light of the international rankings of universities. To study the problem, and reached the results that the global rankings of universities: help to identify the competitive position of the university, which occupies the ranking of universities locally and internationally, includes a set of criteria and indicators associated with performance The University in their educational activities and research community, got Egyptian universities too late centers in the international rankings of universities, and even absent in some final years classification at the global level.

جهود المجلس الأعلى للجامعات المصریة فى الإرتقاء برأس المال البشرى داخل المنظومة الجامعیة فى وقت الأزمات العالمیة

ملخص ما أحدثه المجلس الأعلى للجامعات المصرية في الآونة الأخيرة من قدرة فائقة على إدارة الأزمات في فترة وجيزة، إنما يدل على استباق للأزمات والمعضلات الشائکة من خلال استثمار العقول البشرية المتميزة القادرة على التوقع، والتنبؤ، وإدارة المخاطر، وتحقيق الخطط البديلة بجدارة، ومرونة فائقة أدهشت المجتمع المصري، وکذا المجتمع الدولي. وما دشنه المجلس الأعلى للجامعات من سيناريوهات تعتمد على حلول سريعة، وناجزة في وقت الأزمات، ومحاولات مستميتة لاحتواء، واستيعاب الأزمة من خلال الاستثمار في العقل الإنساني، واستحضار المخزون البحثي، والمعرفي للجهد البشرى. هذا بالإضافة إلى التعاون الم رن من قبل جميع المؤسسات التنموية داخل، وخارج المجتمع المصري من أجل تحقيق الأهداف التنموية المستدامة للجامعات المصرية في تخطى الجائحة التي ألمت بالعالم أجمع. ومن ثم انطلقت ورقة العمل الحالية من التحليل الواع، والمستنير لفلسفة، ورسالة المجلس الأعلى للجامعات المصرية، والتي اهتمت في المقام الأول بالمکون الإنساني، والإرتکان إلى تکوين أ رس المال البشرى لعلاج کافة الأزمات الصحية، والاقتصادية، والاجتماعية، الأخلاقية، والسياسية. لهذاحاولتالورقةالحاليةاستيفاءالعناصرالتالية: - أولا: التأصيل العلمي للمجلس الأعلى للجامعات. ثانيا: الجهود المبذولة من قبل المجلس الأعلى للجامعات في إدارة الأزمات. ثالثا: تقنيات مستحدثة من أجل بناء العنصر البشرى. رابعا: إناارت مستقبلية للجامعات المصرية ذات مردود تنموي على المجتمع المصري. خامسا: جاهزية الجامعات المصرية لتوقع الأزمات، والتعامل معها نحو خطط واستراتيجيات بديلة. abstract What the Supreme Council of Egyptian Universities has recently brought about in terms of superior ability to manage crises in a short period indicates anticipation of crises and thorny dilemmas by investing distinguished human minds capable of anticipating, predicting, managing risks, and achieving alternative plans worthily, and great flexibility that surprised society. Egyptian, as well as the international community.And the scenarios launched by the Supreme Council of Universities based on quick and successful solutions in times of crises, and desperate attempts to contain and absorb the crisis by investing in the human mind, and summoning the research and knowledge stock of the human effort.This is in addition to flexible cooperation by all development institutions inside and outside the Egyptian society in order to achieve the sustainable development goals of Egyptian universities in overcoming the pandemic that afflicted the whole world.Hence, the present working paper started from an informed and informed analysis of philosophy and the message of the Supreme Council of UniversitiesEgyptian society, which focused primarily on the humanitarian component, relying on the formation of human capital for treatmentAll health, economic, social, moral and political crises.For this reason, the present paper attempted to fulfill the following elements:First: the scientific rooting of the Supreme Council of Universities.Second: Efforts made by the Supreme Council of Universities in crisis management.Third: New technologies for building the human element.Fourth: Future technologies for Egyptian universities that have a developmental impact on Egyptian society.Fifthly: the readiness of Egyptian universities to anticipate crises and deal with them towards alternative plans and strategies.

Ranking the Egyptian universities sites using the popular search terms method on Google Trend

The university’s website is the university’s window on the world and a means of communication between the university’s databases and its colleges and beneficiaries, whether they are students, faculty, administrative staff or visitors with the aim of providing news, electronic, administrative and educational services to the beneficiaries; therefore this study aims to evaluate the sites of Egyptian public or private universities In the style of popular search terms through Google Trend indicators and comparing them with the classification of these universities; Google Trend Trends and what this tool can do for the university to improve its location and predict the direction of the beneficiaries of the university's location The study reached many results, including that the Egyptian universities sites need to exert more effort to attract the interest of the beneficiaries from them, and that the relationship between the ranking of universities using odorless search terms on Google Trend and 4icu classification where the value of the correlation coefficient between them is 0¸35 As for the relationship between Ranking of universities using smelling search terms on Google Trend and Webometrics ranking is an intermediate direct relationship where the correlation coefficient value is 0¸6

Fighting Sexual Harassment on Campus: How Local Contexts of Different Universities Affect the Dynamics and Outcome of these Efforts

In a context where sexual harassment and assault against women is widespread, this article examines the approach taken by three Egyptian universities to the issue. The article argues that the outcome of the universities’ efforts in combating sexual harassment is influenced by their local context and it is this context that can hinder the route to accountability. It examines the interactive relationship between collective action and accountability in the context of fighting sexual harassment on campus. It applies the methodology of action research as a tool that is capable of producing more democratic relationships in knowledge production. The article concludes that there are many differences between the three universities in terms of defining the problem as well as with regard to their local contexts. Those differences question the notion of collective action and accordingly the concept of accountability.

Waqf and State Interference: A Phenomenology Study in Al-Azhar University, Egypt

This paper was aimed at revealing the Egyptian Government's intervention in the management of Al-Azharwaqf. The data was collected by interviewing officials at the Al-Azhar University in Egypt, officials at the Egyptian Ministry of Education, academics and Waqf researchers in Egypt. The results of this study indicated that Egyptian Government intervened and took over the management of Al-Azharwaqf by issuing laws related to waqf and its management from 1923 to 1971. The impact of the takeover of Al-Azharwaqf management by the State also made Al-Azhar was no longer economically independent and was held hostage by the government.

العمليات النفسية ضد مصر: دراسة في المحتوى والتأثير

This paper examines the content and impact of negative messages targeting the Egyptian state, its figures, and institutions. After laying out the relevant literature and history of the pertinent concepts such as fourth-generation warfare, media propaganda, rumors and framing, this analysis limits its data to two months of anti-Egyptian rhetoric aired by Al-Jazeera Mubasher (based in Qatar), Mekamelin, and Al-Sharq (based in Turkey); and their social media outlets from August 25th through October 25th, 2019. Upon dissecting these negative messages, the author found that there is consistency among the three outlets in attacking the Egyptian president, his family, the military and intelligence institutions, and public opinion leaders, among others. Among the techniques used by these outlets are false flag, sensationalism, disparagement, defaming, segmentation and targeting, and dissemination of rumors, as well as others. To examine the impact of these negative messages on the targeted groups of educated youths, an illustrative sample of 174 students from two universities (Cairo University and British University in Egypt) were asked to take part in a social experiment. The students were exposed to the anti-Egyptian state messages as depicted in the three mentioned media outlets, then were asked to respond to a survey measuring the impact of these messages on them. Then they were exposed to another set of pro-Egypt messages with another survey measuring the impact of the new set of messages. A series of focus group discussions were conducted to add depth to the survey. The study found that the anti-Egyptian state messages had a minor impact on participants, yet this impact was almost reversed when respondents were exposed to pro-Egyptian state messages.

Effectiveness of a Novel 3D-Printed Nasoalveolar Molding Appliance (D-NAM) on Improving the Maxillary Arch Dimensions in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of the current study was to introduce and measure the effectiveness of a new 3D-printed nasoalveolar molding (D-NAM) appliance on improving the maxillary arch dimensions (MADs) in infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) before surgical lip repair. A prospective, balanced, randomized, parallel groups, single-blinded, controlled trial. All the steps of the current study were carried in the Department of Orthodontics, Cairo University in Egypt. Thirty-four, nonsyndromic infants with UCLP. The eligible infants were randomly assigned into either no-treatment (control) or to the new D-NAM groups. In D-NAM group, the maxillary models were 3D scanned into virtual models onto which segmentation and alveolar segments approximation were performed. Approximation movements were divided into 3 models representing 3 activation steps. On each of these models, virtual appliance construction was performed followed by 3D printing of the appliance. Nasal stent was added manually to the appliances of the second and third steps. Horizontal tapes were applied to infants in the D-NAM group only. A Blinded assessors carried all the MADs measurements virtually on digital models collected at the beginning (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Clinically and/or statistically significant improvements in all the measured MADs were recorded in D-NAM group at T2 before surgical lip repair in comparison to control group. The introduced D-NAM/3D-printed appliance is a simple and efficient technique to improve the MADs in infants with UCLP before surgical lip repair.