University Of East Anglia Research Articles

The Bologna Process: Help or Hindrance to the Development of European Higher Education?

JANI URSIN Finnish Institute for Educational Research, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland BARBARA ZAMORSKI Centre for Applied Education and the Centre for Educational and Staff Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom ELINOR EDVARDSSON STIWNE Department of Behaviourial Sciences and Learning, Linkoping University, Sweden CHRISTINE TEELKEN Department of Organisation Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands MONNE WIHLBORG Department of Health and Social Sciences, Lund University, Sweden

CBT and Recovery From Psychosis in the ISREP Trial: Mediating Effects of Hope and Positive Beliefs on Activity

CBT and Recovery From Psychosis in the ISREP Trial: Mediating Effects of Hope and Positive Beliefs on Activity

Reflections on Mexico '68

Preface. Contributor Biographies. Introduction (Keith Brewster, Newcastle University, UK). 1 'Prensa, Prensa': A Journalist's Reflections on Mexico '68 (John Rodda). 2 Changing Impressions of Mexico for the 1968 Games (Claire Brewster, Newcastle University, UK). 3 Teaching Mexicans How to Behave: Public Education on the Eve of the Olympics (Keith Brewster, Newcastle University, UK). 4 Lyon '68: The Games that Weren't, or the Intermediate Event-zone of a Non-Olympics (Hugh Dauncey, Newcastle University, UK). 5 'Nasty Demonstrations by Negroes': The Place of the Smith-Carlos Podium Salute in the Civil Rights Movement (Simon Henderson, Newcastle University, UK). 6 Mexico 1968 and South Africa 2010: Sombreros and Vuvuzelas and the Legitimisation of Global Sporting Events (Chris Bolsmann, Aston University, UK). 7 LuisGonz'alez de Alba's Los d'ias y los anos (1971) and Elena Poniatowska's La noche de Tlatelolco (1971): Foundational Representations of Mexico '68 (Chris Harris, University of Liverpool, UK). 8 Traumatic Time in Roberto Bola no's Amuleto and the Archive of 1968 (Ryan Long, University of Oklahoma, USA). 9 'Writing Our History in Songs': Judith Reyes, Popular Music and the Student Movement of 1968 (Hazel Marsh, University of East Anglia, UK). References. Index.

Embattled U.K. Scientist Defends Track Record of Climate Center

Phil Jones is at the center of a swirling controversy over e-mails stolen or leaked from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, which he has directed since 2004. Science interviewed him last week.

Characteristics of the dry/wet trend over arid central Asia over the past 100 years

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 41:51-59 (2010) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00837 Characteristics of the dry/wet trend over arid central Asia over the past 100 years Jinsong Wang1, Fahu Chen2, Liya Jin2,*, Huzhi Bai1 1Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China 2Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research, Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China *Corresponding author. Email: jinly@lzu.edu.cn ABSTRACT: Stretching from the Caspian Sea in the west to the western part of northeast China in the east, arid central Asia is a transition belt between high latitude and low latitude areas. The arid climate of this geographic region has environmental effects far beyond its borders. In this study, the dry/wet trend in arid central Asia was examined over a temporal scale of 100 yr. Dry/wet change in an area is affected not only by precipitation, but also by temperature, because of its effect on potential evaporation. To more accurately describe the dry/wet trend, a drought index (DRI) was developed and calculated from gridded monthly air temperature and precipitation data from the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia, UK. Analysis of the DRI shows a general warm and dry trend for the region for the whole period between 1901 and 2002. A dry trend is seen in particular in the western part of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, central Kazakhstan, southern Xinjiang in China, and central Mongolia for the same period, while in northern Xinjiang, China, there was a weak wet trend. Over the past 100 yr, central Asia has experienced 6 wet–dry cycles: 1901–1910, 1911–1925, 1926–1935, 1936–1950, 1951–1960, and 1961–2002. The period and trend of the DRI are different from those of precipitation for the last 100 yr. The DRI can be used as an indicator of dry/wet change in arid central Asia because it reflects the concurrent effects of temperature and precipitation. KEY WORDS: Arid central Asia · Drought index · Dry/wet trend Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Wang J, Chen F, Jin L, Bai H (2010) Characteristics of the dry/wet trend over arid central Asia over the past 100 years. Clim Res 41:51-59. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00837 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 41, No. 1. Online publication date: February 16, 2010 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2010 Inter-Research.

Earth Worms: The Eco-Corruption of Higher Education

“Climategate” has made global warming skepticism respectable. The release onto the web by a hacker or whistleblower of emails and 15,000 lines of computer code from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia has changed the debate over global warming. Researchers at CRU and some of their collaborators elsewhere applied what CRU’s own programmers called “a VERY ARTIFICIAL correction for decline” in temperatures that, according to the scientists’ pre-conceived theory, shouldn’t be declining at all. Elsewhere they wrote of the need for temperature data to be “artificially adjusted” to fit the theory, the need for a “fudge factor,” and, most infamously, the need to apply a “trick” to make the data conform. They also destroyed the original data so that no one could ever check how closely their manipulated data set matched the actual numbers. CRU’s official, though now highly suspect, data formed the primary empirical basis for the most influential theory of global warming. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 2007 report was based on CRU reports. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in Acad. Quest. (2010) 23:11–19 DOI 10.1007/s12129-009-9150-6

An evaluation of a problem‐based learning experience in an occupational therapy curriculum in the UK

The objectives of the study was to evaluate an adapted approach to problem-based learning (PBL) on a pre-registration Masters course in Occupational Therapy at the University of East Anglia in the UK. The adaptation, named placement PBL, required students to write and select the material based on their placement experiences, for the cohort's learning. The evaluation purpose was to determine the students' views of the efficacy of placement PBL for facilitating their learning in the final 3 months of their pre-registration education. Placement PBL was evaluated using both questionnaires and focus groups, with two cohorts of students for data collection. Placement PBL was seen to provide current, relevant and complex learning scenarios that help students to move from a theoretical understanding to application of theory in the complexity of actual service situations. The authors conclude that placement PBL has the potential to prepare students for the transition from student to qualified practitioner. Both researchers were also the PBL tutors which may have affected the students' honesty in their feedback. Further research is indicated for ongoing evaluations of the effectiveness of PBL in helping students to become confident occupational therapy clinicians, and comparative studies with other learning approaches.

Ensuring Integrity in Science

Hacked Electronic Records of Climate Scientists at the University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit (UEA/CRU) led to worldwide publicity during the December 2009 Copenhagen climate change convention. UEA is conducting a formal investigation to determine whether UEA scientists manipulated or suppressed data or otherwise acted unprofessionally. My reading of the vast scientific literature on climate change is that our understanding is undiminished by this incident; but it has raised concern about the standards of science and has damaged public trust in what scientists do.

From the Science Policy Blog

Science Insider reported this week that the World Health Organization is defending itself from a German physician who has called the H1N1 swine flu pandemic "fake" because the virus isn't very different from existing strains and that scientists at the helm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are discussing steps to respond to issues raised by e-mails uncovered at the University of East Anglia after a theft by a presumed hacker in November, among other stories.

Correction to “An alternative explanation for differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere”

[1] In the paper ‘‘An alternative explanation for differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere’’ by Klotzbach et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D21102, doi:10.1029/2009JD011841, 2009), there were several referencing and typographical errors. First, a reference to R. McKitrick (personal communication, 2009) depended upon an analysis of GISS model output placed online by Gavin Schmidt of NASA in early 2009. Second, the reference we listed in several places with respect to the three possible explanations for this divergence as Santer et al. [2005] should be Santer et al. [2000]: Santer, B. D., et al. (2000), Interpreting differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere, Science, 287, 1227–1232, doi:10.1126/science.287. [2] Third, the ‘‘Student’s t test’’ was mistakenly described as a ‘‘p-test.’’ Fourth, the data set that was utilized in the polar calculations was the CRU TS 3.0 data set (T. D. Mitchell and P. D. Jones, An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids, International Journal of Climatology, 25, 693–712, doi:10.1002/joc.1181, 2005), not the CRUTEM3v data set as discussed in the paper. The caption of Table 4 should therefore be ‘‘Linear Trends for Maximum and Minimum Temperature for CSU TS 3.0 for 60 S–90 N, 0 –360 , and for 60 N–90 N Over the Period From 1979 to 2005.’’ We regret the referencing oversights. [3] It has been suggested by Phil Jones, at the University of East Anglia, that we repeat our calculations using the CRUTEM3v data set for the 60 N–90 N, 0 –360 area, as there may be smaller trends in this data set than in the CRU TS 3.0 data set used in the calculations made in our paper due to infilling in the CRU TS 3.0 data set. Since CRUTEM3v only includes mean temperature, we have calculated the linear per decade trends over the 1979–2005 period in both time series using the KNMI data explorer. Table 1 displays the per decade trends for both time series over the entire year, December–February and June–August. The linear trends are slightly greater in the CRUTEM3v data set than in the CRU TS 3.0 data set, increasing confidence in the robustness of our results. [4] Gavin Schmidt, at NASA, has pointed out that our calculations for a 1.2 amplification factor for both land and ocean were based on a landmask from CRU that differs from the one that is currently used at GISS. Utilizing an appropriate landmask and data provided on his FTP site at http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/gschmidt/supp_data_ Schmidt09.zip, we have redone our calculations and found amplification factors of 1.1 over land and 1.6 over ocean. Table 2 displays the new per decade linear trend calculations along with 95% confidence intervals for trends over land and ocean using these new amplification factors. Statistically significant trends at the 95% level are highlighted in boldface. All trends are significant at the 95% level. [5] On the basis of these calculations, no changes are needed in our paper’s conclusions.

Possible Urban Bias in Gridded Climate Temperature Data over the Japan Area

Long-term trends of gridded land surface temperature data over Japan, provided by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) were compared with those at surface observation stations that are used for the JMA's climate monitoring. It was found that the CRU data (CRUTEM3v) for 1901 to 2008 have an anomalous trend of about 0.04°C/decade relatively to the surface stations, except over the Nansei Islands. The trend of the GISS temperature data (the Tsurf250 file) also has some positive departure until 1960. These facts indicate the possibility of urban bias in these gridded data over the Mainland Japan area.

An International Annotated Bibliography of Strindberg Studies 1870–2005 by Michael Robinson

616 Reviews he called 'themost powerful winter landscape in Scandinavian art',Munch again focused on the central figure, reading it from the point of view of the protagonist and his self-identification as tragic hero, and missing the criticism of his failures as a husband and man. Ibsen's other plays do not figure; as Templeton observes illuminatingly, the plays which 'focus most strongly on love, commitment, and marriage [...] did not inspire a single sketch' (p. 152). This comprehensive study ofMunch's Ibsen brings together and completes much previous work. Templeton weighs up the evidence judicially, and in true interdis ciplinary fashion is as perceptive in her assessment ofMunch's illustrations as of Ibsen's subtleties. There is a useful bibliography; the only omission ofwhich I am aware is any reference to Carla Lathe's important work on Munch (notably her 1979 exhibition catalogue Edvard Munch and his LiteraryAssociates (Norwich: Lib rary,University of East Anglia)). Occasionally there are questionable statements, especially the offhand dismissal of Christian Krohg's powerful social indictment Albertine (1886) as 'amuck-raking novel' (p. 14). But thisdoes little to detract from an impressive achievement, which must be essential reading for those interested in Ibsen,Munch, and the links between literature and art. University of East Anglia Janet Garton An International Annotated Bibliography of Strindberg Studies 1870-2005. By Michael Robinson. 3 vols. (MHRA Bibliographies, 4) London: Modern Humanities Research Association. 2008. 2231 pp. ?35 (each). ISBN 978 0-947623-81-4 (vol. 1); 978-0-947623-82-1 (vol. 11); 978-0-947623-83-8 (vol. iii). In these three volumes Michael Robinson, already a renowned Strindberg scholar, has completed an exceptional work. He admits in his introduction the commit ment such a project must involve: 'itwas Strindberg who coined the Swedish word "knappologi" (lit. "buttonology") to describe precisely the sort of obsessive pedantry that sustains the compilation of a work such as this' (p. xiii). One aspect of such a commitment is that not only will these printed volumes remain of great value and interest foryears to come, but their content will become electronically available. The three volumes are intimidating when a reader firstopens them because of their size and the scope of what they do, but Robinson's concise and lucid explanatory introduction quickly makes them accessible. Any reader seeking to utilize them effectively and to appreciate the achievement of these volumes must start from that introduction. An important part of this bibliography lies in a dis covery thatRobinson points out; the volumes are as much a study in reception as a straightforward bibliography (p. xiii). Indeed, one discovers here not only the immense amount ofmaterial written about Strindberg but also the historical development of those commentaries and debates. The complex organization of the three volumes is logical and informative once the reader becomes accustomed to it.The advantage of dividing the volumes into MLR, 105.2, 2010 617 General Studies, The Plays, and, in essence, everything else is that one knows where to start.Volume 1:General Studies isdivided into sections ranging from 'Strindberg Editions', 'CriticalApproaches', 'Reception Studies', and 'Translation' to topics such as 'Religion', 'TheWoman Question', and 'Comparative Studies'. Robinson creates separate bibliographical sections for authors who, because of specific plays or in fluences, constitute a unique part of Strindbergian literaryhistory, such as Ingmar Bergman, Friedrich Diirrenmatt, and Per Olov Enquist. In Volume 11:The Plays, theplays are listed chronologically with reviews and articles listed alphabetically by author. Reviews of specific productions are listed after each production. Volume 111 offers sections, listed by date of publication, of Strindberg's autobiographical writ ings, novels, poetry, letters, etc., again with reviews and articles alphabetically listed. The concise and informative annotations are an essential part of this remarkable bibliography, and there are cross-references to facilitate research projects. It is a pleasure simply to read through the annotations describing publications in lan guages that range fromGerman, French, and Italian to Japanese, Russian, Polish, and others, besides of course, the Scandinavian languages. Robinson's explanation of his annotations is subtle and exact: 'the annotation I have supplied seeks to indicate the area of relevance explored by an item rather than itsquality, although some judgements, both...

Negotiating Around Tradeoffs: Alternative Institutional Designs for Climate Finance

The primary question addressed in this paper is: How would different governance priorities affect the institutional arrangements for a credible financing mechanism in the climate regime? The paper argues that tradeoffs are inevitable in climate finance negotiations, so it is important to recognise them upfront and organise negotiations around the priorities that different sets of countries identify. Such a process would generate alternative institutional designs, each offering a different balance of voice in governance, scale of funding, and timely action. Arunabha Ghosh is CEO of the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), India. He is also an Associate at the Global Economic Governance Programme, Oxford; Faculty Associate at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford; and Associate Fellow at the Governance of Clean Development Project at the University of East Anglia.

Evaluation of a computer program (‘disect’) to consolidate anatomy knowledge: A randomised-controlled trial

Background: The teaching of anatomy to medical undergraduates continues to develop. Medical imaging can accurately demonstrate anatomy. ‘disect’ is a computer program which manipulates and reconstructs real CT images in 3-D.Aim: To implement and assess a novel computer-based imaging resource.Methods: Third-year undergraduate medical students at the University of East Anglia were randomised to different methods of delivering the program – either self-directed use or guided use with worksheets. Knowledge of gastro-intestinal anatomy was assessed using a 20-item test. Attitudes to using ‘disect’ were evaluated using Likert scales.Results: Most students reported the program was easy to use and a valuable resource for learning anatomy. There was no difference in scores between guided use and self-directed use (10.7 marks versus 10.6 marks, p = 0.52). Students who undertook the anatomy special study module, which involved dissection of the digestive system, performed best (12.8 marks versus 9.9 marks, p = 0.005).Conclusion: Students can adequately use a computer program to see major anatomical structures derived from CT scans. Students reported that learning anatomy can be aided by the imaging-based resource. Learning anatomy is a multi-modal activity and packages like ‘disect’ can enhance learning by supplementing current teaching methods.

S. oneidensis Moves Electrons across Membranes to Minerals

Shewanella oneidensis and other anaerobic gram-negative bacterial species depend on several protein types to connect them to external and insoluble minerals containing iron or manganese. Those proteins act as wiring and deliver electrons to those minerals, which serve as extracellular respiratory electron acceptors, while the cells generate metabolic energy, according to biochemists Robert S. Hartshorne and David Richardson of the University of East Anglia, in Norwich, United Kingdom, and their collaborators.

Stolen E-mails Turn Up Heat on Climate Change Rhetoric

The theft and unauthorized release last month of 1000 private e-mail messages from the servers of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom has raised thorny questions about the proper behavior of researchers who feel under siege for their science. How willing should they be to share their raw data with their staunchest critics?

Incubation and Fertility Research Group: {WPSA Working Group 6 (Reproduction)} 2009 Meeting - University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK 7th and 8th July 2009

A wide variety of subjects was covered in this conference from the importance of eggshell temperature for hatching success to techniques for freezing pheasant semen. Some of the most interesting papers were on the use of new technology to understand what is happening during the incubation process. The use of MRI technology to image embryo development was described while a the potential use of thermal imaging cameras to solve hatchery problems was also discussed. Poultry were not the only avian species covered in the conference, also discussed was the occurrence and pattern of embryo mortality in wild birds and the relationship between egg mass and shape across all bird species was also considered.

Preserving the cultural heritage of Africa: crisis or renaissance?

The outflow of archaeological or artistic work from Africa, together with the ways of exhibiting African treasures outside Africa, are emerging as serious issues both in political and ethical terms. They are typified by a series of hot disputes concerning the legality of the exhibition of Nok terracotta pieces from Nigeria in the Louvre. Meanwhile in Africa, there has been an upsurge of active efforts by many ethnic groups - in Mali, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere - to create or re-create their own cultures by reviewing their cultural legacy. The book discusses the question: 'How should Africa's cultural heritage be preserved?' Scholars and museum professionals from Africa, Europe, America and Japan clarify the significance of 'Cultural Heritage' for African people in postcolonial Africa. They also explore how scholars and museum professionals outside Africa can support African colleagues in handing down their cultural legacy to future generations. Kenji Yoshida is Professor at the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan; John Mack, formerly Keeper of Ethnography at the British Museum, is Professor of World Art at the University of East Anglia. The contributors include: John Mack, Kenji Yoshida, Rumi Umino, Godfrey Mahachi, Tereba Togola, George S. Mudenda, Jasper Morgan Chalcraft, Noriko Aikawa-Faure, Anitra Nettleton, Moyo Okediji, Yukiya Kawaguchi, Tetsuya Kamei, Mary Nooter Roberts, Shoichiro Takezawa, and Kiprop Lagat.

Are women safer doctors?

The feminisation of Britain's medical workforce is underway—and it has got some organisations worried. The white male who has ruled the wards for centuries is disappearing and the doctors of the future will be predominantly women, posing a whole new set of organisational challenges for the health service. But for patients the change may be something to celebrate. A recent survey from the UK suggests women make safer doctors than men. They are less likely to be investigated over concerns about their behaviour, clinical skills, or conduct and are less likely to be suspended or excluded from work than their male colleagues. An analysis of almost 5000 doctors and dentists referred to England's National Clinical Assessment Service (NCAS) over the past 8 years because of worries about their performance shows a strong gender imbalance. Women comprised only 20% of the referrals (873 versus 3635 for men) but make up 40% of the workforce. In the most serious cases, 50 women hospital doctors were excluded from work, compared with 290 men. Among general practitioners (GPs), 29 women were excluded compared with 200 men. These are pretty damning figures—for men. According to Rosemary Field, deputy director of the NCAS, research shows that women tend to have longer consultations and are more patient-centred than men. Other studies show they are less likely to be risk takers. Amanda Howe, professor of primary care at the University of East Anglia, has observed that an increasing number of women “actually want to be GPs at graduation, which must be better than having failed male specialists making up the bulk of the vocational training initiative” (Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57: 91–92). Dame Carol Black, former President of the Royal College of Physicians, once warned that the profession was in danger of losing its influence because too many women were scaling its ranks. Women were less prepared to put in the long hours necessary to operate in the corridors of power, she said. The Royal College of Physicians reported last summer that women were more likely to work part time, and to break their careers to have families, so proportionately more will be needed to cover these absences in the future. But patients may consider this a small price to pay. We could end up with a feminised health service in which patients feel more secure—and some doctors less so.

S03-05. Genetic regulation of gastrulation movements in zebrafish

Much progress has been made recently in our understanding of how genes control patterns of cell types or regional identities with in an organism during its development. However, the link between this process of patterning and growth or morphogenesis is much less well understood. Bridging this gap requires a quantitative understanding of how genes modify growth of multicellular tissues in 3D space at multiple scales. We have been addressing this problem using a combination of genetic, morphological, computational and imaging approaches in collaboration with Andrew Bangham (University of East Anglia) and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz (Calgary). The results provide new insights into how genes interact with patterns of growth at various scales to modify shape. The talk will illustrate how integrating biological and computational methods may lead to a quantitative mechanistic framework for development.