University Of Adelaide Research Articles

AJP-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology: Looking Toward the Future

<i>AJP-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology</i>: Looking Toward the Future

In memory of Michelle Lane: 1970 - 2020.

In memory of Michelle Lane: 1970 - 2020.

Expecting the unexpected? Improving rural health in the era of bushfires, novel coronavirus and climate change.

Australian Journal of Rural HealthVolume 28, Issue 2 p. 107-109 COMMENTARY - ISSUE PAPER Expecting the unexpected? Improving rural health in the era of bushfires, novel coronavirus and climate change Martin Jones D'Proff, Corresponding Author Martin Jones D'Proff [email protected] Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Whyalla, Australia Correspondence Martin Jones, Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDavid Mills PhD, David Mills PhD Adelaide Rural Clinical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Gray PhD, Richard Gray PhD Clinical Nursing Practice, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author Martin Jones D'Proff, Corresponding Author Martin Jones D'Proff [email protected] Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Whyalla, Australia Correspondence Martin Jones, Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDavid Mills PhD, David Mills PhD Adelaide Rural Clinical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorRichard Gray PhD, Richard Gray PhD Clinical Nursing Practice, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 May 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12623Citations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume28, Issue2April 2020Pages 107-109 RelatedInformation

A Geometric Morphometric Evaluation of Equid Tooth Shape at Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming

Natural Trap Cave is a sinkhole cave located in Big Horn County in northern Wyoming. The cave preserves many Quaternary taxa, including pollen and large carnivorous and herbivorous mammals such as various felids and ungulates. Many of these taxa went extinct in North America following the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction. The cave was first excavated in the 1970s and 80s by teams from the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri, and more recently by teams from Des Moines University, The University of Adelaide, and The University of Rochester, along with a wide variety of volunteers. Specimens from this cave have been used to elucidate floral change in the area, disentangle ancient food webs, and extend the hypothesized range for Beringian wolves.Horses are the most common megafaunal group from this site, encompassing two genera: Equus and Haringtonhippus, the “New World stilt‐legged” horse, based on post‐cranial elements and mitochondrial DNA. Some recent studies have shown that horse taxa can be identified by tooth occlusal surface morphology. This study aims to test if isolated equid cheek teeth from Natural Trap Cave can be identified to the genus level, between Equus and Haringtonhippus using geometric morphometrics. 2D landmarks and sliding semi‐landmarks were taken around the periphery of a set of upper cheek teeth, including the areas of greatest curvature at the metastyle, mesostyle, parastyle, and around the protocone and post protoconal valley. Principal component analyses on known specimens do in fact separate Equus and Haringtonhippus, and this difference is statistically sigificant, with the primary difference being the width of the protocone. Additionally, molars and premolars also occupied significantly different areas of morphospace, opening up the possibility of identifying tooth position on unknown specimens as well. With the abundance of isolated horse teeth (either Equus or Haringtonhippus) from Natural Trap Cave, having a reliable means to distinguish between genera will allow us to better study the ecological differences between them and better understand the environment and faunal interactions in late Pleistocene Wyoming.Support or Funding InformationNSF EAR/SGP 1425059 (Natural Trap Cave Revisited: Ancient DNA, Climate and the Megafaunal Extinction) Julie Meachen, PI

Helen Marshall

With her father a general practitioner whom she accompanied on house calls, and her mother a nurse, Helen Marshall's public health interest was switched on very early. Now Medical Director of the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, Marshall is at the forefront of Australia's vaccine research programme, a role she combines with her others as Professor in Vaccinology in the Adelaide Medical School, and Deputy Director and Research Leader in Child Health of the Robinson Research Institute at the University of Adelaide.

ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ АВСТРАЛІЇ

The article deals with the problem of higher education formation and development in Australia. The aim of the article is to find out the main stages of higher education development in Australia from the time of its emergence to our times. Throughout the period of its existence the higher education sector of Australia went through reorganizations The first universities, University of Sydney and University of Melbourne, were formed at the beginning of the 1850s. Prior to federation in 1901 two more universities were established: the University of Adelaide (1874) and the University of Tasmania (1890). After World War II, the higher education sector in Australia started to develop momentum, it became more important but less elite. It grew from six small universities educating less than 0.2 per cent of the population to a huge and rather complicated system which enrolled over a quarter of high school graduates. In the late 1980s the Unified National System was formed, which eliminated various technical colleges, teachers' colleges and colleges of advanced education from the structure of higher education in Australia which were incorporated into a system of multi-campus universities. In those years Australia was one of the first countries to restructure to have possibilities of wider participation in higher education. The results of those changes made it a leader internationally in the movement from elite to mass systems. The increase in numbers brought greater diversity in the student body. The article gives the analyses of the changes over the twentieth century and comes to the conclusion that changes in Australian government policy and public demand impacted upon the structure of higher education establishments in Australia. The increasing demand from the Australian population and business is likely to have made the biggest impact on the nature of the universities themselves, contributing to their growth and affecting the content of the courses they offer. Key words: higher education, higher education sector, Australia, history, development, internationalization.

Computer-aided diagnosis for characterization of colorectal lesions: comprehensive software that includes differentiation of serrated lesions

Endoscopy guidelines recommend adhering to policies such as resect and discard only if the optical biopsy is accurate. However, accuracy in predicting histology can vary greatly. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for characterization of colorectal lesions may help with this issue. In this study, CAD software developed at the University of Adelaide (Australia) that includes serrated polyp differentiation was validated with Japanese images on narrow-band imaging (NBI) and blue-laser imaging (BLI). CAD software developed using machine learning and densely connected convolutional neural networks was modeled with NBI colorectal lesion images (Olympus 190 series - Australia) and validated for NBI (Olympus 290 series) and BLI (Fujifilm 700 series) with Japanese datasets. All images were correlated with histology according to the modified Sano classification. The CAD software was trained with Australian NBI images and tested with separate sets of images from Australia (NBI) and Japan (NBI and BLI). An Australian dataset of 1235 polyp images was used as training, testing, and internal validation sets. A Japanese dataset of 20 polyp images on NBI and 49 polyp images on BLI was used as external validation sets. The CAD software had a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 94.3% for the internal set and 84.5% and 90.3% for the external sets (NBI and BLI, respectively). The CAD achieved AUCs comparable with experts and similar results with NBI and BLI. Accurate CAD prediction was achievable, even when the predicted endoscopy imaging technology was not part of the training set.

Cutaneous mastocytoma with eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of the small intestine in an Arabian gelding

A 12-year-old Arabian gelding presented to the University of Adelaide for investigation of a firm subcutaneous mass, just proximal to the digital flexor tendon sheath of the right forelimb, that...

Koli Calling 2019 conference report

The Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research is a single-track conference dedicated to publishing high-quality work in all areas of teaching and learning in the computing disciplines. The 19th Koli Calling was held in November 2019 in the Koli National Park in Finland, organized by the University of Eastern Finland, the University of Helsinki, and the University of Adelaide, Australia. There is often snow at the conference and it was there in small amounts this year, along with some beautifully crisp early winter air and stunning views of the national park and its lakes.

Lower Morning Cortisol Secretion in Adolescents Born to Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 10% of successful pregnancies worldwide. Individuals exposed to GDM in utero are at increased risk of developing type II diabetes during childhood and later in life. The hormone cortisol has important roles in metabolism, and cortisol dysregulation is associated with metabolic dysfunction, thus representing a possible mechanistic link between GDM exposure and later diabetes. Methods: We aimed to determine whether adolescents exposed to GDM exhibited dysregulation in diurnal cortisol and the cortisol awakening response. Salivary cortisol was measured in 22 GDM-exposed adolescents (aged 11–14) and 10 controls at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after awakening over 2 consecutive days. Afternoon and night samples were also collected. Data were represented as area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and increase (AUCi) and averaged between days. Findings: The control group had lower AUCg (p = 0.025, ω2= 0.124), representing lower total morning cortisol secretion, but similar AUCi (p = 0.662, ω2= -0.025), indicating that the hormonal response to awakening is comparable. These findings may partially reflect altered pre-awakening cortisol secretion. Interpretation: Given that a dysregulated cortisol profile, including sustained, low cortisol production, is associated with metabolic dysfunction and the development of type II diabetes, we suggest that this may be one mechanism by which exposure to maternal GDM increases the risk of these problems in offspring. Funding Statement: An intramural grant funded this study. MRG was supported by an NHMRC-ARC Dementia Research Development Fellowship. JMVD was supported by a Government of Australia Research Training Program scholarship and a Healthy Development Adelaide/Channel 7 Children’s Research Foundation supplementary scholarship. Declaration of Interests: The authors state they have nothing to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical Approval for all protocols and procedures was given by the University of Adelaide and Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committees (I.D. number: HREC/16/WCHN/50).

Addressing the COVID-19 Crisis by Harnessing Internet of Things Sensors and Machine Learning Algorithms in Data-driven Smart Sustainable Cities

This paper analyzes the outcomes of an exploratory review of the current research on data-driven smart sustainable cities The data used for this study was obtained and replicated from previous research conducted by Capgemini, ICMA, KPMG, UNESCAP, UNHSP, SCC, The University of Adelaide, and The World Bank We performed analyses and made estimates regarding Internet of Things sensors and machine learning algorithms Data collected from 5,200 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling © 2020, Addleton Academic Publishers All rights reserved

Hypertension in children in sub-Saharan Africa: primordial prevention is crucial

Hypertension in children in sub-Saharan Africa: primordial prevention is crucial

Exploring the potential for mergers and strategic partnerships within the Australian higher education system through the application of Value Nets

ABSTRACT We apply Value Nets as a tool for identifying potential partnership opportunities between the University of Adelaide (UofA) and University of South Australia (UniSA), and between the University of Queensland (UQ) paired with the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Institutional profile data revealed a similar relationship within each pair. UQ and UofA are local pacesetters in research and offer a comprehensive range of courses. QUT and UniSA have developed world-class research programs and generally outperform their older neighbour in learning and teaching. The research performance gap between UofA and UniSA is narrower than that seen between UQ and QUT. Value Nets provide a useful tool for deeper reflection. The case for merger is stronger for UofA and UniSA. Nevertheless, a closer examination reveals significant potential for divergent opinions about how such a merger should be implemented. More importantly, Value Nets reveal significant opportunities for mutual gain without the requirement for merging.

Modeling, analyzing and predicting security cascading attacks in smart buildings systems-of-systems

Software systems intelligence and complexity have been continuously increasing to deliver more and more features to support business critical and mission critical processes in numerous domains such as defense, health-care, and smart cities. Contemporary software-based solutions are composed of several software systems, that form System-of-Systems (SoS). SoS differentiating characteristics, such as emergent behavior, introduce specific issues that render their security modeling, simulation and analysis a critical challenge. The aim of this work is to investigate how Software Engineering (SE) approaches can be leveraged to model and analyze secure SoS solutions for predicting high impact (cascading) attacks at the architecture stage. In order to achieve this objective, we propose a Model Driven Engineering method, Systems-of-Systems Security (SoSSec), that comprises: (1) a modeling language (SoSSecML) for secure SoS modeling and (2) Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for security analysis of SoS architectures. To illustrate our proposed approach in terms of modeling, simulating, and discovering attacks, we have conducted a case study on a real-life smart building SoS, the Adelaide University Health and Medical School (AHMS). The results from this case study demonstrate that our proposed method discovers cascading attacks comprising of a number of individual attacks, such as a Denial of Service, that arise from a succession of exploited vulnerabilities through interactions among the constituent systems of SoS. In future work, we intend to extend SoSSec to address diverse unknown emergent behaviors and non-functional properties such as safety and trust.

From Adversaries to Allies: Australian and European Union Responses to Challenges in the World Economy

Australian Economic ReviewVolume 52, Issue 4 p. 447-447 Policy Forum: Economic Relationships between Australia and the EU From Adversaries to Allies: Australian and European Union Responses to Challenges in the World Economy Richard Pomfret, Richard PomfretProfessor of Economics and Jean Monnet Chair on the Economics of European Integration, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; email <richard.pomfret@adelaide.edu.au>.Search for more papers by this author Richard Pomfret, Richard PomfretProfessor of Economics and Jean Monnet Chair on the Economics of European Integration, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; email <richard.pomfret@adelaide.edu.au>.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12352 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume52, Issue4December 2019Pages 447-447 RelatedInformation

Visual analysis on postprandial hypotension related studies based on Web of Science

Objective To show development status of postprandial hypotension studies comprehensively and intuitively in order to provide a reference for nursing research on postprandial hypotension. Methods The data was from the literatures included in Web of Science database from 1986 to 2019 related to postprandial hypotension, and CiteSpace information visualization software was used to analyze the issuing country and institution, cited authors, Cited journals, keywords and cited references to postprandial hypotension. Results A total of 1 140 literatures were obtained. 187 papers were finally included after screening. University of Adelaide in Australia has the most of published articles and the most of cited authors; The cited journals mainly include international high-impact journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine and Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Through keywords clustering, a total of 5 research hotspots were obtained, including falls, insulin, autonomic nervous system, aged cared, gastrointestinal. Conclusions Postprandial hypotension is one of the convergence points of interdisciplinary fusion. At present, preliminary results have been obtained, but the research on its mechanism is still in the exploratory stage. Falls, insulin, autonomic nervous system, aged cared, gastrointestinal are currently the main focus of postprandial hypotension researches. The prevention of postprandial hypotension has made some achievements, but there are also some risks. It is necessary to conduct further studies on more convenient and safe measures to prevent postprandial hypotension. Key words: Postprandial hypotension; Visualized analysis; CiteSpace visualization software

Role of Parents, Community, and Health Care System in Child Health

Pakistan is a developing country, and the status of children's health is less than satisfactory all over the region. This is evident by the high morbidity and mortality rate of under-five children. The shocking aspect is that the majority of causes are those that can be prevented and treated. Factors contributing to child health are parenting cultural values, physical environment, education, poverty, housing, and health care facilities. All these determinants emphasize that child health is encircled around three essential features of society parents, community, and health services. Focusing on just one will not bring an effective outcome until a collaborative approach is achieved. Here in this article model of child health proposed by the Better Start Child Health and Development Research Group at the University of Adelaide’s School of Population is applied to address child health. Health gives as a rubric of “Five by Five” that is based on the concept that there are five basic domains of child health and each requires a collaborative approach of child, parents, community and health system. Keywords: Child health, health services, Parents, Community DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

X-linked intellectual disability: Phenotypic expression in carrier females.

To better understand the landscape of female phenotypic expression in X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), we surveyed the literature for female carriers of XLID gene alterations (n = 1098) and combined this with experience evaluating XLID kindreds at the Greenwood Genetic Center (n = 341) and at the University of Adelaide (n = 157). One-hundred forty-four XLID genes were grouped into nine categories based on the level of female phenotypic expression, ranging from no expression to female only expression. For each gene, the clinical presentation, gene expression in blood, X-inactivation (XI) pattern, biological pathway involved, and whether the gene escapes XI were noted. Among the XLID conditions, 88 (61.1%) exhibited female cognitive phenotypic expression only, while 56 (38.9%) had no female phenotypic expression (n = 45), phenotype expression with normal cognition in females (n = 8), or unknown status for female phenotypic expression (n = 3). In twenty-four (16.6%) XLID genes, XI was consistently skewed in female carriers, in 54 (37.5%) XI showed variable skewing, and in 33 (22.9%) XI was consistently random. The XI pattern was unknown in 33 (22.9%) XLID conditions. Therefore, there is evidence of a female carrier phenotype in the majority of XLID conditions although how exactly XI patterns influence the female phenotype in XLID conditions remains unclear.

Australia’s State Specific and Regional Migration Schemes: exploring permanent and temporary skilled migration outcomes in South Australia

Background Recent concerns about population growth and its consequences in Sydney and Melbourne have added momentum to the debate on ways to achieve a more even geographic distribution of population. However, there is little contemporary evidence about the impact of regionally-focused immigration policies in delivering positive migrant outcomes and easing pressures in major cities.Aims The aim of this paper is to compare migration, employment and settlement outcomes between permanent and temporary skilled migrants to South Australia (SA) as well as the factors influencing migrants’ decisions to move into and out of the State. Data and methods Data in this paper draws on the South Australian General Skilled Migrant survey of State-sponsored skilled migrants conducted by The University of Adelaide in 2015. Results Lifestyle and employment factors were important in decisions to come to, stay or leave SA. Permanent migrants were more likely to choose SA as a destination because it was perceived as a good place to raise a family, while temporary migrants were more likely to cite employment. Temporary visa holders had relatively poor employment outcomes. Conclusions Temporary and permanent visa holders experienced different settlement and employment outcomes, demonstrating that a more detailed understanding of migrant characteristics and outcomes may be useful in designing and evaluating regionally-focused migration initiatives.

The Geosciences DeVL Experiment: new information generated from old magnetotelluric data of The University of Adelaide on the NCI High Performance Computing Platform

In recent years, magnetotelluric (MT) processing has become computationally intensive as the scale and size of MT surveys being run increases. Consequently, High Performance Computing (HPC) is now ...