University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital Research Articles

Evaluation of Some Liver Enzymes in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Hepatoxicity is a major complication and side effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Unfortunately, such studies in this area of evaluating the adverse drug reaction of ART on the liver hepatocytes are only few in number in Nigeria.Objective: To determine the levels of some liver enzymes in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and as well evaluate their impact on liver hepatocytes.Methods: This is a hospital-based case-control study. A total of 153 subjects were recruited in the study, and they were divided into three groups: the control group (which consist of apparently healthy subjects), the study group 1 (consist of HIV positive subject not on ART), and study group 2 (consist of HIV/AIDS patients on ART). The liver enzymes Alanine amino Transferase (ALT), Asparate amino Transfarase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were determined using enzyme linked spectrophotometric assay methods, according to the manufacturer’s specifications.Results: The mean standard deviation (SD) of ALT and AST activity of the study group 1 showed significant differences when compared with that of the control group P<0.001, but the ALP has no significant differences P>0.05. In Study group 2, (HIV/AIDS patients on ART) showed significant differences of P<0.001 in ALT, AST and ALP.Conclusion: Some liver enzymes were elevated in subjects on antiretroviral therapy; this elevation could be due to hepatotoxicity of the (ART) used by the HIV/AIDS patients on the liver hepatocytes.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 02 Apr’24 Page: 126-131

Correlation between ABO blood group and gestational hypertensive disorder among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria

Gestational hypertensive disorder (GHD) is among the major health problems in pregnant women. In this study, we assessed the relationship between gestational hypertensive disorder and ABO blood groups among women who attended the antenatal clinic at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Correlational study design was used on a total of 138 patients with sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data such as blood group, gestational hypertensive disorder status, maternal age at pregnancy, and parity were extracted. Descriptive statistics was carried out on the collected data and chi-square test for the test of association or Fisher’s exact where necessary. The maternal age of the women ranged from fifteen to fifty-one years old with a mean age of 30.7 ± 9.8. Clinical information revealed that 17 (12.3%) primigravida and 121 (87.7%) non-primigravida patients. The patients’ distribution by blood group revealed that 33 (23.9%), 32 (23.2%), 47 (34.1%) and 26 (18.8%) belonged to blood group A, B, AB, and O respectively. Our results showed a relationship between blood pressure and the ABO blood group but not significant with χ2 = 12.31 and p = 0.421 with blood pressure of 150/100–154/104 mmHg ranked highest in frequency among all the blood groups. Also, we observed a non- significant relationship between maternal age and the occurrence of GHD at χ2 =19.81 and p = 0.229 which implies that GHD is not associated with age but that blood pressure increases with gestational age. Interestingly, a significant relationship exists between gestational hypertension and parity at χ2 = 26.71 and p = 0.045. Blood group AB was more susceptible to gestational hypertensive disorder whereas blood groups O, A and B were less susceptible to it. We recommend increased awareness of GHD among pregnant women, all health workers, and the general public about its danger to pregnant mothers and fetuses.

An Audit of Diagnostic Mammography Examination among Women Presenting with Breast Symptoms

Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long period of time in investigating the breast for pathologies. Its use in imaging the breast can be for the purpose of screening and diagnosis. Breast screening allows for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection of breast can save lives. Despite its important imaging modality for breast, mammography is not readily available in this part of the world. Our institution just acquired one recently. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of our study is to document the pattern of mammographic findings and to determine the prevalence of breast pathologies (benign and malignant) among symptomatic patients referred for mammography. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises 121 symptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January 2016 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using an EXR-650 mammographic machine. Some of the patients had complimentary ultrasound scans. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.23± 8.25 with an age range of 32–77 years. The majority of the patients were in the age group 40–49 years. Most women in the study were premenopausal and the majority had no family history of breast cancer. Breast pain was the most common symptom patients presented with. Heterogenous fibro glandular tissue accounted for the majority of mammographic breast density. Age correlated positively with a pattern of breast density among the study population. Abnormal mammographic findings were seen in 67 (55.4%) patients among which benign mass was the most prevalent. Among patients who presented with breast pain majority had normal mammographic findings while for those with breast lump, benign breast mass accounted for 35.7% representing the majority and malignant mass accounted for 19.1%. The relationship between mammographic outcome and indication was statistically significant P = 0.0001. Conclusion: Mammography plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the breast in patients who presented with symptoms as it can differentiate benign and malignant lesions of the breast. In this study, the use of mammography reveals various pathologies in which benign breast mass accounted for the majority of breast pathologies detected.

Assessing Self-Care Practises of People Living With HIV/AIDS Attending the Antiretroviral Clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

In pursuance of the Global and National Goals of achieving HIV-AIDS epidemic control, it’s imperative to explore the Promotion of self-care management among people living with HIV/AIDS. Self-care management involves adhering to treatment regimens, good dietary patterns, increased physical exercise, social support, and health-seeking behaviours. The study reviewed five core pillars of self-care management: physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and workplace/professional. A cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study with a quantitative approach was conducted at the Antiretroviral Clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital from October to December 2020. Using random sampling, 372 people living with AIDS participated in the study. Trained research assistants collected data through a structured questionnaire administered at the antiretroviral clinic. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0, employing frequencies, computations, percentages, averages, means, standard deviation, and correlations, with a confidence interval of 95%. The study’s findings indicate that the weighted matrix scores (WMS) for various aspects of self-care were significantly above average, suggesting that PLHIV attending the antiretroviral clinic at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital exhibit good self-care practices. However, psychological and workplace self-care requires some strengthening. The study revealed differences between self-reported appointment adherence and the calculated average appointment gap (3 visits). Associations were found between the average appointment gap and viral load among participants. The study did not establish any significant association between Total Matrixed self-care scores, adherence (appointment gap), or viral load suppression. The COVID epidemic and the nationwide ENDSARS protest in Nigeria during the study period were significant confounders and limitations. Keywords: Antiretroviral drugs, appointment adherence, HIV/AIDS, psychological health, self-care management.

Facilitators and barriers to optimal home blood pressure management in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a tertiary care facility in Abuja, Nigeria: a qualitative research study

BackgroundNigeria has one of the highest burdens of maternal deaths globally, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the country. There is a significant implementation gap in utilizing evidence-based practices for the management of HDP in Nigeria. This study evaluated facilitators and barriers to implementing a home blood pressure monitoring program to improve management of HDP.MethodsFrom August 2022 to September 2022, we conducted 15 semi-structured, key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions among patients, health care workers, and administrators at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), a tertiary care centre in Nigeria. The study used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to assess five domains: individual characteristics, inner and outer settings, intervention characteristics, and process of implementation. Audio files were transcribed, and data were analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. We also conducted 32 brief surveys on the participants to assess acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of a blood pressure monitoring program.ResultsThe study sample consisted of healthcare workers (n=22) including specialists in cardiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, maternal-foetal medicine, nurses/midwives and resident doctors as well as patients (n=10). Mean (SD) age was 39.5 (10.9), and 78% were female. Participants identified facilitators including the perceived simplicity of home blood pressure monitoring program, high burden of HDP, and availability of a multi-disciplinary team of healthcare professionals with expertise in HDP management. Barriers identified were cost, limited knowledge of HDP amongst patients, limited transportation networks, inconsistent management protocols, and inadequate manpower and facilities. Survey results indicated that between 81% and 88% of participants reported that a blood pressure monitoring program would be acceptable, 56%-72% reported that it would be appropriate, and 47%-69% reported that it would be feasible.ConclusionThis study identified facilitators and barriers while highlighting key implementation strategies to leverage and effectively address these respectively to enable successful implementation of a home blood pressure monitoring program. It also demonstrated that a home blood pressure monitoring program was considered acceptable, appropriate and feasible among respondents interviewed at UATH.

ISCHEMIC STROKE THE CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES EXPERIENCE OF MAKWALLA HEALTH CARE SERVICES

Objective: Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of mortality in low income countries. The main aim of this study was to determine the rate and predictors of in-hospital mortality due to ischemic stroke in the Makwalla health care center and the University of Abuja Nigeria. Design and method: The study was Conducted from April 2019-May 2021 at the Makwalla health care center and the University of Abuja Teaching hospital. A census using restrospective cohort study design was conducted on medical records of adult patients with the diagnosis of ischemic attending the medical inpatient ward of the health facilities between November 2017 and September 2020. Cox hazard regression was used to determine the predictors of hospital Mortality. A two sided statistical test at 5% level of significance was used. Results: The main (+SD) duration of hospital stay was 11.5(10.04) days of total 208 patients 26(12.5%) Patients died in the hospital. Cox regression revealed that only a decrease in renal function particularly elevated serum creatinine (AHR = 8.848,95% CI:1:616-67.437) was associated with a statistically significant increase of in-hospital mortality. The symptom onset to admission time varied greatly among patients and ranged from 1 hour to 168 hours. Conclusions: The in hospital Mortality associated Ischemic stroke found to be high . Mainly elevation serum creatinine was highly associated with poorer out come in terms of in-hospital morality. Much work should be done on improving the knowledge and awareness of the community regarding ischemic stroke and stroke in general to encourage early medical seeking behavior and reduce mortality and long term disability.

Any correlation between severity of symptoms and the adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio?

Objective: Adenoid Hypertrophy is a common childhood condition that presents with mouth breathing, nasal discharge, snoring and sleep apnea. Lateral Nasopharyngeal X-ray aids diagnosis and assessment of patency of the Nasopharyngeal air column through Adenoid Nasopharyngeal Ratio (ANR). This study aims to correlate ANR with symptoms and signs of Adenoid Hypertrophy. Material and Methods: A retrospective study conducted in the Ear, Nose and Throat/Head and Neck Surgery (ENT/HNS) Department of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January 2019 to December 2021. The case notes and Lateral Nasopharyngeal X-rays of 66 Children aged between 2months to 11 years, with suspected Adenoid Hypertrophy were retrieved and relevant retrieved data analyzed. Results: A total of 66 patients were enrolled into this study with 50 (75.76%) males and 16 (24.24%) females. The age range was between 2 months to 11 years, with a mean of 3.65±2.76 years. ANR ranged from 0.03 to 0.94 with mean 0.71±0.15. Out of the 66 participants, 30 (46.15%) had ANR of 0.7, while 35 (53.85%) had ANR of > 0.7. Linear regression analysis showed association between age and ANR (P < 0.05). Snoring was the most common symptom (92.42%), followed by Mouth breathing (89.39%) and Nasal Discharge (77.27%). Majority of patients (88.6%) had a Mild Symptom Score. There was no statistically significant relationship between any of the clinical features and ANR. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between the clinical features and adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio.

Predicting Preeclampsia Using Principal Component Analysis and Decision Tree Classifier

Background: Preeclampsia affects pregnant women, resulting in stroke, organ failure, and other health problems like seizures. The effect of preeclampsia is most pronounced in developing countries and it affects about 4% of pregnant women causing several illnesses and even death. The key to solving the problem of preeclampsia is its early detection and use of machine learning algorithms that can take various demographic features, biochemical markers, or biophysical features, select important features and find hidden patterns that point to preeclampsia. Objective: The objective of this research is to develop a machine-learning framework to detect Preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This research develops a model to detect preeclampsia using principal component analysis (PCA) as a feature selection, k-means as an outlier detection, a combination of SMOTE oversampling, random under sampling and the decision tree (DT) to classify and predict the risk of preeclampsia among pregnant women. The data was obtained from the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Results: Findings revealed that the combination of the PCA, SMOTE and random undersampling and DT outcome resulted in the best accuracy of 96.8% which is better than the accuracy of existing work (92.1%). Furthermore, the reliability of the model was measured and tested using Bayesian Probability. Conclusion: The developed model can be helpful to Health care providers in checking preeclampsia among women with high blood pressure during their second antenatal visits.

The Evaluation of Lipid Profile in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Abnormal lipids have being associated with the adverse effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Information in these areas is needed, to enhance the proper and adequate management of patients on antiretroviral therapies. This study was carried out to determine the levels of lipid profile in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and as well ascertain the degree of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Method: A hospital base case-control study was carried out in October, 2020 to October, 2021, and a total of 153 subjects were involved in the study, and they were divided into three groups: the control group (which consist of apparently healthy subjects), the study group 1 (consist HIV positive subject not on ART) and study group 2 (consist of HIV/Aids patients on ART). The lipid profile was analyzed using enzyme linked spectrophotometric methods. Result: In the study, increase in Triglyceride (TG) and very low density Lipoprotein (VLDL-C) were observed with P<0.001in the study group 2 compared with the control group (apparently healthy subject); there was no significant difference observed in the study group 1 when compared with the control group P>0.05, for HDL-C, TC and LDC-C; The mean values of the control group for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), HDL-C and VLDL-C are: 3.97± 0.69, 1.02± 0.31, 2.88± 0.29, 0.75± 0.51 and 0.26mmol/L respectively. The mean values of the study group 1 for Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C are 3.02± 0.79, 2.67± 0.93, 1.98± 0.26, 0.85± 0.72 and 0.58± 0.07mmol/L respectively. The values for study group 2 are Total Cholesterol 2.54± 1.30mmol/L. Triglyceride is 3.86± 0.74mmol, HDL-C is 1.24± 0.34mmol/L, and LDL-C is 1.10±1.08mmol/L and 0.17± 0.12mmol/L for VLDL-C. Conclusion: The findings in this study shows elevation of some lipids in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy, which suggests that it could be due to the adverse effects of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).

Assessment Of Adenoid Nasopharyngeal Ratio In Children With Symptoms Suggestive Of Obstructive Adenoid Disease

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common childhood illness that occurs due to obstruction of the nasopharynx by enlarged adenoids. Lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray is used for diagnosis and assessment of patency of the nasopharyngeal air column by assessing the Adenoid Nasopharyngeal Ratio (ANR). This study aims to assess the ANR of symptomatic patients with AH that presented to Ear, Nose and Throat/ Head and Neck Surgeon (ENT/HNS) Department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH).
 Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in the ENT/HNS Department of UATH, Gwagwalada from January 2019 to December 2021. The case notes and lateral nasopharyngeal xrays of 112 children aged between 3 months to 15 years, diagnosed with Adenoid Hypertrophy, were retrieved. Relevant information such as demographics, and Lateral Nasopharyngeal X-ray measurements were extracted.
 Results: A total number of 112 participants were enrolled into this study. Out of these, 77 (68.8%) were males and 35 (31.2%) were females. The mean age of participants was 3.86 0.27 years, and age range was 3 months to 15 years. Most participants were between 0 – 5 years. The mean ANR among participants was 0.69 0.02. The minimum ANR was 0.03, and the maximum ANR was 1.00 Majority of participants had ANR 0.69. None of the participants between 10 – 15 years had an ANR > 0.79. Regression analysis showed statistically significant correlation between ANR and Age (p = 0.05).
 Conclusion: We observed an Adenoidal Nasopharyngeal Ratio that was lower than the benchmark of ANR considered for AH, this may probably be due to our inability to control the timing for obtaining the radiographs from clinic visit and some may have commenced treatment

Coagulation Profiles of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Background: The liver has a vital role in the hemostatic system. It is the site of synthesis of proteins responsible for clotting factors and their inhibitors. Liver infections/ diseases pose the effective functioning of the liver enzymes and clotting profiles. Objective of Study: This retrospective study aims to determine the plasma level of APTT, PT, in patients with chronic disease state in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 participants were enrolled for this study; both PT and APTT were analyzed using Quick and kaolin methods, respectively. Results: 144 candidates who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study. table 1.0 and 2.0 showed relationship between PT and APTT in liver infections/ diseases respectively, among the subjects, 81 subjects had Asymptomatic HBV Infection with mean ± SD of 15.3704± 3.0391, 18 Asymptomatic HCV infection, 2 HBV and HCV coinfection, 34 Chronic HBV, 6 Chronic HCV, 1 HCV/HIV coinfection, 1 Chronic HCV /HIV coinfection, 1 HBV/HIV coinfection, and Liver cirrhosis. They was non-statistically significant decrease in the level of PT among patients with both asymptomatic and chronic HBV, HCV, HBV and HCV co-infection, HBV co-infection with HIV, HCV co-infection with HIV and patients with liver cirrhosis with P-value of 0.229. Conclusion: Findings from this study demonstrated that coagulation profile has an association with liver disease.

Prevalence and risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis amongst adults living with HIV in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada.

Subclinical atherosclerosis characterizes cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are identified risk factors for atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, data on HIV and atherosclerosis in Nigeria are limited. We sought to estimate the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and associated risk factors amongst adult persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) enrolled at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja (UATH). This was a cross-sectional study of 277 consecutively selected PLHIV ≥18 years enrolled for HIV care and treatment at UATH. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from consenting ART-experienced and ART-naïve patients on risk factors of atherosclerosis. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) ≥0.71 mm as measured by Doppler ultrasonography was used to identify patients with sub-clinical atherosclerosis. Two logistic regression models with (Model-A) and without (Model-B) traditional risk factors were fitted to identify risk factors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Participants' mean age was 39.44 ± 10.71 years with female preponderance (64.26%). Overall prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 43.32% (62.25% in ART-experienced). Model-A identified male sex [AOR 4.33(1.74-10.76), p = 0.002], advancing age [30-39 years AOR 5.95(1.31-26.96), p = 0.021]; ≥40 years AOR 19.51(4.30-88.56), p ≤ 0.001), advancing HIV infection [≥WHO stage II AOR 4.19(1.11-15.92), p = 0.035], hypercholesterolemia [AOR 3.88(1.47-10.25), p ≤ 0.001] and ≥5 year duration on ART [AOR 9.05(3.16-25.92), p ≤ 0.001] as risk factors of subclinical atherosclerosis. In Model-B (excluding traditional risk factors) on the other hand, advancing HIV infection [≥WHO stage II AOR 3.93(1.19-13.042), p = 0.025] and duration on ART [≥5 years AOR 11.43(4.62-28.29), p = 0.001] were found as risk factors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Subclinical atherosclerosis was higher in ART-experienced patients, and this was irrespective of presence or absence of traditional risk factors. And advancing HIV disease and duration on ART were found as significant risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis. We therefore recommend routine CVD risk screening in PLHIV.

Adherence to International Guidelines in Antihypertensive Prescriptions among National Health Insurance Enrollees in a Tertiary Hospital Located in Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract: Background: Irrational prescription of antihypertensive drugs has become a major problem worldwide. The study aimed at investigating the conformity of antihypertensive prescriptions to current international guidelines among NHIS enrollees in a tertiary hospital and to determine the comorbidities among the patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 311 case notes of patients who accessed care from January 1st to December 31st, 2018 were retrieved from the Health Information Department of the Hospital. Information on antihypertensive drugs prescribed and their co-morbidities were retrieved. Results: Study participants mean age was 49.02 ± 9.16 with age groups of 40 - 59 and 20 - 39 years as the highest and lowest participants, respectively in the study population. Calcium channel blockers (32.44%) were the most prescribed of the antihypertensive drugs, followed by diuretics (13.93%). The majority (84.0%) of the study participants were on combined therapy. Amongst the combination therapies, the 2-drug therapy (28.97%) was most preferred. The commonly used combinations were CCB + ARB (92, 84.40%), CCB + ARB + Diuretic (30, 30.92% and CCB + ACEI + 2 Diuretics (22, 53.65%) for 2-, 3- and 4-drug, respectively. The common comorbidities found among the patients were diabetes mellitus followed by hypertensive heart disease then dyslipidaemia. Antihypertensive prescriptions conformed more with JNC 8 but partially to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA. Conclusion: Antihypertensive prescriptions among NHIS enrollees in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were in conformity with JNC 8 and adheres partially to other guidelines. Keywords: Antihypertensives, Prescriptions, Conformity, International guidelines.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Escherichia coli (E. coli), a normal gastro-intestinal microflora of humans and animals can be pathogenic causing a wide range of diseases. Rational use of antibiotics is one way of reducing antimicrobial resistance. This study retrospectively assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli from clinical samples at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Records of test results of microbial, culture and sensitivity from clinical samples from January 2016 to December 2019 were studied. A proforma was used to collect data from the record on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of E. coli. Discrete and categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. Requirements for the study were met in 91.7% of the data collected. Female clients 81.8% were more than their male counterparts. Urine samples have the highest number of E. coli 62%. This was followed by samples from palate swab 14%. Eye swab, vaginal swab, ascitic fluid and pleural fluid had one each (0.03%). The penicillin were mostly resisted by the isolates, while most were sensitive to the fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Summary of the resistance patterns from 2016 to 2019 showed most isolates were sensitive to the effect of antimicrobials used in 2016 and 2018, while most were resistant in 2017 and 2019. The urinary tract was the most common site of E. coli infection. The pattern of resistance was inconsistent across all antibiotic classes studied

Prevalence of rotavirus infection among children under five years at a tertiary institution in Nigeria

Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially in infants and young children worldwide. This study evaluated the pattern of rotavirus infection in children under five years presenting with acute diarrhea in Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study to describe the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children. The study enrolled children 1 to 59 months old with acute diarrhea attending General Paediatric Outpatient clinic and hospitalized in the Emergency Paediatric Unit of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the stool by qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Results: The study comprised of 414 diarrhoeal children aged 1–59 months, of which 226 (54.6%) were male and the mean age was 12.1 months. The overall rate of rotavirus infection was 43.0% (178/ 414). The rotavirus infection was slightly higher among females than in males (46.8% vs 39.8%; p=0.153). Children from upper and middle social classes were at 1.95 [CI=1.17–3.26] and 3.08[CI=1.77–5.34] times higher risks of rotavirus induced diarrhea than the children from the lower social class (p<0.005). Children whose mothers had post-secondary education were three times more at risk of rotavirus diarrhea [OR=3.70; CI=1.46–9.36] than those with primary or no formal education (p<0.05). Children who had never been vaccinated against rotavirus were four times more likely to suffer rotavirus infection than those who had been vaccinated [OR=3.96; 95%CI=1.13–13.89, p=0.032]. Conclusion: This study found that rotavirus was an important causative agent of diarrhea in children in Gwagwalada, Abuja. Due to low rotavirus vaccination status in children, rotavirus screening tests are necessary for children with acute diarrheal disease. J Med Sci. 2022; 16(2): 010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.16.020 *Correspondence: Felix Olaniyi Sanni, Department of Public Health, Fescosof Data Solutions, Ogun, Nigeria. Email: fescosofanalysis@gmail.com

School of Post Basic (SOPB) Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja REGISTRATION FORM/APPLICATION FORM IS OUT CALL 09078816209!!! The school Admin hereby informs all interested applicants to call +2349078816209 in order to participate in the online application exercise for 2022/2023 Academic session. Follow the simple steps below to apply for obtaining the School of Nursing application form

School of Post Basic (SOPB) Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja REGISTRATION FORM/APPLICATION FORM IS OUT CALL 09078816209!!! The school Admin hereby informs all interested applicants to call +2349078816209 in order to participate in the online application exercise for 2022/2023 Academic session. Follow the simple steps below to apply for obtaining the School of Nursing application form

Correlation Between Colposcopic Impression And Histologic Diagnosis Of Premalignant Lesions Of The Cervix

Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer in sub-Saharan African with majority of the women presenting with an advanced disease stage. This is largely due to the unavailability of an established cervical cancer screening programme in most countries. This also includes the use of colposcopy which is still not available to many gynaecologists practicing in Nigeria.Aim: To review reports of colposcopy carried out at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria and to determine the degree of concurrence between colposcopic impression and histologic diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the colposcopic findings of 84 patients was done. Subsequent correlation with histopathology report was carried out in 53 patients who had colposcopically directed biopsies between March 2012 and February 2014.Results: The commonest impression made on colposcopy was high grade CIN in 40(47.6%) patients. The concurrence rate between colposcopic findings and histology diagnosis was 64.2% (34/53) {K =0.302, 95%CI= -0.010-0.436}. The concurrence rate was higher for high grade CIN 29/40(72.5%) than for low grade CIN 5/12 (41.7 %). There was an overestimation of colposcopic diagnosis in 13(24.5%) patients and an underestimation in 6(11.3%) patients. The sensitivity of colposcopy for detecting high grade lesions or more was32/36(88.9%) while the specificity was 8/17(47.1%). False positive rate for high grade lesions was 9/17(52.9%) and false negative rates for low grade lesions was 4/36(11.1%). Positive predictive value (PPV) of high grade colposcopic diagnosis or more was 32/41(78.04%) while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 8/12(66.73%).Conclusion: The strength of agreement between colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology was fair and colposcopy performs better in the detection of high grade lesions.

Calcium Supplementation For The Prevention Of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension/Preeclampsia

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE) contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The role of calcium supplementation towards preventing PIH/PE however remains unclear.Objective: To assess the efficacy of calcium supplementation in prevention of PIH and PE. Materials and methods: An open label, randomized controlled trial conducted at the antenatal clinic of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital between July 2014 and June 2015. A total of 484 nulliparous women 16 weeks or less gestation and with normal bloodpressures were randomly assigned to either receive 1200mg of calcium tablet daily (N=242) or not to receive calcium tablets (N=242) from 16weeks until delivery. Primary outcome measure was development of PIH or PE and secondary outcome measure was preterm birth.Results: The incidence of PIH was 7.7% among the intervention group compared to 13.7% in the control, p=0.039 and calcium supplementation reduced the risk of PIH (RR=0.56 (95% CI: 0.32-0.98)), but not PE. It also prolonged the duration of pregnancy in women who developed PIH (p=0.02). Incidence of preeclampsia was not significant, RR-0.56 (95% CI: 0.21-1.52) so also was the incidence of preterm delivery between the two groups (RR-0.65 (95% CI: 0.32-1.31)). No serious maternal side effects of treatment were recorded.Conclusion: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of PIH and thus may have a role in the prevention of PIH amongst nulliparous women. Its role in the absolute prevention of PE was not demonstrated in this study.

2022/2023 School of Post Basic Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja Application/Admission Nursing Form out Call (0810-847-0382)-(08108470382)-(0810-847-0382) Dr mrs Mercy for more details on how to apply and register online.The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing.And also the sales of

2022/2023 School of Post Basic Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja Application/Admission Nursing Form out Call (0810-847-0382)-(08108470382)-(0810-847-0382) Dr mrs Mercy for more details on how to apply and register online.The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing.And also the sales of

School of Post Basic Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja Application/Admission Nursing 2022/2023 Form out Call (0810-847-0382)-(08108470382)-(0810-847-0382) Dr mrs Mercy for more details on how to apply and register online.The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing.And also the sales of

School of Post Basic Critical Care Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja Application/Admission Nursing 2022/2023 Form out Call (0810-847-0382)-(08108470382)-(0810-847-0382) Dr mrs Mercy for more details on how to apply and register online.The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing.And also the sales of