University Milieu Research Articles

‘Native woodnotes wild’: Shakespeare, his contemporaries, and the syntax of negation

This paper builds on findings on variation in Elizabethan grammar, analysing the syntax of negation in a large number of Shakespearean stage dramas and those of his contemporaries. It shows that Shakespeare differed substantially from them grammatically and stylistically. His contemporaries most often adhered to the emerging standard pattern of avoiding Subject-Verb syntax and multiple negation, whereas Shakespeare made much greater use of it, especially in coordinate contexts. In other contexts, use of multiple negation by other authors was usually for characterological purposes, whereas in Shakespeare it is employed as a stylistic resource regardless of the character’s social standing. These findings are interpreted against the background of sociolinguistic research on diachronic English syntax, showing that higher-status individuals led the change away from multiple negation. The differing outcomes are related to Shakespeare’s provincial background and non-participation in a university milieu, distinguishing him from the ‘golden triangle’ background of his contemporary dramatists.

From intentional to nascent student entrepreneurs: The moderating role of university entrepreneurial offerings

Entrepreneurial intention is typically acknowledged as the foundational antecedent of entrepreneurial behaviour. However, existing conceptual and empirical studies reveal that not all entrepreneurial intentions are ultimately translated into actual behaviour, resulting in an intention-behaviour gap. The current study reviewed the existing literature pertaining to this gap and found that most of the research has examined the contingent role of individual/psychological factors, yet how environmental factors, especially the institutional proximal circles, bridge the intention–behaviour link remains scarce. By employing questionnaire data (n = 1820) collected from university students in China, this research examines the effectiveness of university entrepreneurial offerings on student entrepreneurial intention realisation. The results illustrate that, although a high engagement level in university entrepreneurship education and venture creation contexts accelerates student entrepreneurs’ intention–behaviour translation, the positive effect of instrumental offerings (start-up support services) is stronger than that of entrepreneurship education offerings (entrepreneurial courses and extra-curricular activities). This research extends the application of the theory of planned behaviour to the start-up process by highlighting the entrepreneurship education and venture creation factors derived from the university milieu students are exposed to in accelerating the conversion from entrepreneurial intention to nascent start-up behaviour. It captures the association amidst the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in aspiring student entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial learning, intention actualisation, and tangible start-up activities. These findings also draw researchers’ attention to explore further the nuances of various entrepreneurial offerings in student venture creation and how to build an effective university entrepreneurial ecosystem.

The Principle of Mathematical Induction: Applications in Physical Optics

The bare rudiments of the principle of mathematical induction as a method of proof date back to ancient times. In the contemporary university milieu, the demonstrative scheme is taught as part of a course in discrete mathematics, set theory, number theory, graph theory, group theory, game theory, linear algebra, logic, and combinatorics. In theoretical computer science, it bears the pivotal role of developing the appropriate cognitive skills necessary for the effective design and implementation of algorithms, assessing for both their correctness and complexity. Pure mathematics and computer science aside, the scope of its utility in the physical sciences remains limited. Following an outline of some elementary concepts from vector algebra and phasor analysis, the proofs by induction of a couple of salient results in multiple-slit interferometry are presented, viz., the fringe intensity distribution formula and the upper bound of the total fringe count. These specific optical instantiations serve to illustrate the versatility and power of the principle at tackling real-world problems. It thereby makes a welcome departure from the popular view of induction as a mere last resort for proving abstract mathematical statements.

Filozofia a svetonázor v recepcii členov slovenského spolku „Detvan“ v Prahe do roku 1900

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, ideological differences began to emerge in the Slovak national movement under the influence of intellectual stimuli to which the younger generation of the Slovak intelligentsia was exposed during their university studies. The Detvan association, which brought together Slovak students in Prague, created opportunities for ideological transfer, including the fields of philosophy and worldview. This paper’s aim is to identify the ideas developed by European intellectuals and the ideological currents that became the subject of discussions at the association’s meetings, influencing the thinking of Detvan’s members. In addition to publications aimed at the public at large, important sources documenting the ideological inspirations and the formation of opinions by the Detvan members, this paper includes the minutes of the internal meetings of the association, kept at the archives of Charles University in Prague. The analysis of these minutes has shown that, until 1900 and especially in the 1890s, the self-education of the members was to a significant extent also aimed at expanding their knowledge of philosophy, expected to serve as a springboard for the formation of political thinking and perception of the world. Themes of the papers the members presented and discussions held in the association included the work and thought of Charles Darwin, Immanuel Kant, Ernest Renan, Tomáš G. Masaryk, Arthur Schopenhauer as well as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The members also discussed ideas expressed in the fiction of writers Leo Tolstoy, Émile Zola, Henrik Ibsen and H. G. Wells. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the younger generation of the Slovak intelligentsia was thus exposed to the ideas of the labour movement and socialism, female emancipation, Darwinism, positivism, naturalism and secularisation. The association offered a platform for the transfer of ideas whose freedom contrasted with the formal and predominantly conservative character of the official university milieu in Prague. Among the most active Detvan members in the 1890s, who contributed their own lectures, papers and reflections, were Ján Smetanay, Vavro Šrobár and Jozef Ruman. After their departure, the focus of the association’s self-education began to shift to national history and literature, lectures on Slovak grammar and literary criticism.

Homeopathy in Brazil: inquiry into its academic production

Background: according to the WHO, there is an increasing demand for traditional medicines (TM) that must be answered by governmental health authorities. Although homeopathy is the modality of TM best institutionalized in Brazil, it still faces some obstacles among which the controversial results of meta-analyses of homeopathic clinical trials. Aims: to map out the state of clinical research in homeopathy in the Brazilian university milieu as reflected in doctoral and master dissertations. Methods: specialized databases were searched seeking for doctoral and master dissertations related to homeopathy produced in Brazil between 1985 and 2006. Dissertations were analyzed according to institution; year; research area; type of production; regional distribution and research subject. Dissertations dealing with evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment were further evaluated as to their aims, methods and results. Results: in the 20 years between 1985 and 2006, 161 dissertations were defended related to homeopathy. Most academic productions dated from the 2000s, particularly 2005-6; 77% were related to master degrees; there was a dramatic concentration (92%) in the Southern and South-Eastern regions of Brazil; they covered 10 different areas, the maximum being physical-biological research (20.4%) and the minimum, clinical research (3.7%); from 6 dissertations dealing with the evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment, 3 employed qualitative methods; 1 employed quantitative methods but was in the stage of project; 1 was a standard RCT which evinced positive results of homeopathic treatment in gastroesophageal reflux not related to hiatal hernia; the sixth study was a meta-analysis of the methodological quality of 132 RCTs of homeopathy in infectious disease. Conclusions: The number of projects related to the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment is insignificant and their methods are chiefly qualitative. This suggests that researchers might believe that standard quantitative studies are improper or insufficient to assess the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment or to grasp its dimension of integrality.

Dealing with a hangover of Public Archaeology: Scattered thoughts on the Italian ‘Archeologia Pubblica’

Public Archaeology is a young discipline, we all know that. It’s even younger in Italy, where public archaeology has not even reached ‘adulthood’. Cited for the first time by Armando De Guio in 2000 (De Guio and Bressan 2000), it was only a decade later that Public Archaeology has started to become ‘a thing’, thanks to some pioneering experiences at the University of Florence (Bonacchi 2009; Vannini 2011), and especially after a national conference in 2012 (in Florence: see Zuanni 2013 for a summary). Italian archaeologists’ first reaction was to overlap the new discipline with the experiences already in place, which in Italy were under the category of ‘valorizzazione’ (enhancement). They were not exactly the same: while Public Archaeology is characterised by a reflection on the objectives of the research from the very start, a focus on having a reliable methodology, and a strong element linked to evaluation, ‘enhancement’ experiences – while often valuable and successful – lacked the same structure and reliability. This is probably due to an underestimation of these practices as a scientific topic, thus deserving the same structure required for any other type of research. Often this resulted in a mere description of the activities carried out, with a generic objective like ‘increasing the knowledge of archaeology in the public sphere’ without really evaluating if the activities worked or not. Public Archaeology became a sort of a trendy subject, outdating the term ‘valorizzazione’, at least in most of the university milieu, and creating confusion on the subject and the methodology. This sometimes has led to a sort of ‘hangover’ effect, similar to what happens with summer songs: they sound fun when you first hear them, but after months you just want to move on! Few doctoral theses awarded in Archaeology have been devoted to topics related to Public Archaeology up to the present date and the risk is that after this ‘hangover’ the subject will be penalised in comparison to others.

Reflexiones en torno a la enseñanza de la arquitectura y el urbanismo en Colombia

La coyuntura social y económica actual marcada por una pandemia, parece poner en evidencia la caducidad de ideas y estructuras con las cuales se han enseñado desde el siglo pasado. En este sentido, la incertidumbre generada durante el 2020 en el medio universitario en torno al futuro inmediato de la educación superior se debate entre el entusiasmo puesto por algunos sectores en las ventajas ofrecidas por las nuevas tecnologías y el escepticismo que otros sectores expresan en torno a lo que pueda resultar como producto de la avalancha de transformaciones radicales en las formas como se transmite el conocimiento. En este contexto, y específicamente en el caso colombiano, reflexionar en torno a un tema que hasta ahora ha sido tratado de manera aislada y bastante fragmentaria: la historia de la enseñanza de la arquitectura y el urbanismo a partir de la creación de la primera facultad de arquitectura en 1936. Ante estas constataciones, y con el propósito de aportar nuevos elementos y perspectivas se han preparado una serie de entrevistas a arquitectos que durante el último medio siglo se han destacado en la esfera de la enseñanza de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, en instituciones universitarias colombianas -y en algunos casos también a nivel latinoamericano-. El interés se centra en indagar y profundizar en la reconstrucción de aquellos contextos culturales y pedagógicos que enmarcaron y condicionaron la formación recibida por los entrevistados durante su época como estudiantes en facultades de arquitectura de universidades colombianas y extranjeras. Al sondear la memoria de los protagonistas de esta historia, se espera que, el presente texto pueda estimular el interés de nuevas generaciones de estudiantes e investigadores por el estudio y conocimiento de la historia de la enseñanza de las profesiones aquí evocadas. 

Noch einmal: Trient, Biblioteca Capitolare, Cod. 86

The paper takes another look at Cod. 86 of the Biblioteca Capitolare in Trient/Trento, which was also analysed by Tobias Daniels in MIÖG 122 (2014). By means of a codicological-palaeographic autopsy of the manuscript, neglected in the paper just mentioned, and pointing out hitherto unknown details in the student career of one of the two scribes, it can be shown that Daniels’ dating of the production of a part of the manuscript has to be revised, and that Vienna and its university milieu as the presumed place of production may be doubted. Therefore, it cannot be accounted a witness to an early reception of Piccolomini’s work in Vienna.

From Topophilia to Despair. Kashinath Singh’s Banaras Trilogy

Abstract Kashinath Singh’s three Banaras-novels are interesting examples of the continuing occupation of a contemporary author with urban space and its social life. Beyond Banaras I use “Banaras” in this article. The English spelling “Benares” is still used occasionally. The official name of the town is “Varanasi” (Hindi: Vārāṇasī). as a physical location, the three novels emulate deeper and more symbolic layers of meaning of a cityscape with its fascinating complexity of social, cultural and religious relations between tradition and modernity. Kashinath Singh’s Banaras trilogy also represents the changing perspective of its author on his surroundings over the course of his lifetime. While the plot of Apnā morcā unfolds in the culture of political debate during the 1960s and early 1970s in the university milieu, Kāśī kā assī can be read as a kind of documentation on the author’s vivid relationship with a traditional quarter of the town and its lifestyle. Rehan par Ragghū, the third novel, somehow continues the sense of loss that is already present in the nostalgic mood of Kāśī kā assī. It deals with the growing disillusionment of the elder generation with contemporary society, its self-focused individualism and social modernity as such. The novel is about the betrayed hopes of a father in his children, the opening rift between generations and the general decline of values. The change of the central location of the plots in the three novels from the university quarter and from a traditional environment in the old town towards the “new colonies” also marks a shift from progressivism towards existentialism, and from topophilia to despair.

Ocena jakości przestrzeni publicznych III Kampusu UJ z użyciem techniki crowdsensingu

The article aims to assess the quality of public spaces of the Third Campus of the Jagiellonian University and to determine to what extent the mobile crowdsensing survey method is useful in this respect. Public spaces are nowadays considered the key elements of the university campus structure. Their appropriate shaping and management fosters social interactions between different user groups, which should consequently strengthen creativity and interdisciplinarity within the university milieu. Our paper presents contemporary trends in the campus planning and organisation. In the empirical part, the quality of selected public spaces (main avenue, squares and courtyards, and green areas) was determined based on the behaviour of campus users as observed by participants of the crowdsensing study. These results were confronted with the visual material and comments of the study participants, as well as with the expert assessment of the authors. In the final part, activities aimed at improving the quality of public spaces of the campus were proposed.

Deepening the Senses of the Word: A Survey of Parisian Theological Sources 1160-1250

The decades which go from Peter Lombard’s death to the mid of the thirteenth century represent a key period for the building and the development of the Parisian university milieu. The masters who t...

Hepatitis B infection in the rural area of Dschang, Cameroon: seroprevalence and associated factors.

Introductionviral hepatitis B remains a major public health problem around the world, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Cameroon shows a grate variability in prevalence of this infection in the country and even within different populations groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with viral hepatitis B infection in the rural area of Dschang.Methodswe conducted a cross-sectional community-based study, involving 551 participants of both genders recruited by a voluntary sampling technique. The biological diagnosis of HBsAg was done by the Immunochromatographic method (PKL® kit of PARAMEDICAL srl laboratories). Positive cases were confirmed by ELISA method (reagent Kit from DIALAB Laboratories).Resultsresults show a Viral Hepatitis B prevalence of 5.08% (95% CI: 3.2-6.9). University students were the most infected (11/88) with a positivity rate of 12.50% (95%CI: 5.6-19.4). Only 29/551 participants (5.26%) had received at least one dose of vaccine against the disease and were less infected (3.44%) than the others (5.17%). Age (p=0.000), level of education (p=0.013), occupation (p = 0.002), belief in the traditional healing of hepatitis B (p=0.000) and knowledge about the disease and its contamination roads (p=0.049) were associated with viral hepatitis B.Conclusionthere is a need of intensifying awareness, education, routine screening and vaccination of the population, especially in schools and university milieu to better counteract the infection with hepatitis B virus in our local Communities.

Research into intercultural effectiveness in a multicultural educational milieu in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Enhancing intercultural effectiveness through the development of intercultural skills and competencies substantially contributes to establishing a more peaceful and tolerant society, which explains a considerable research interest it excites. The present study aims at investigating how study field, grade-point average (GPA), nationality, gender, university status, and grade level impact intercultural effectiveness of Bosnian university-level students. The research sample consisted of 184 students studying at the Departments of English Language and Literature and Psychology at three different universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A 2 × 4 ANCOVA indicated that intercultural effectiveness varied significantly by study field and GPA, with small effect size in both cases. The interaction effect of study field x GPA was also significant, with an almost moderate effect size. Similarly, a two-way MANOVA revealed that nationality and gender had a significant effect on the combined dependent variables of intercultural effectiveness and their interaction effect was also significant, with a small effect size. On the other hand, a two-way MANOVA revealed an insignificant impact of grade level and university status on the combined dependent variables of intercultural effectiveness. The interaction effect of grade level x university status was also insignificant, with a small effect size. The present study shows that intercultural effectiveness can be further developed and increased in the university milieu and is thus expected to contribute to recognising the importance of its enhancement through curricula and teaching content in particular.

Saúl Taborda y la pedagogía en clave de programa político

En 1923, Saúl Taborda incursiona en el ámbito universitario alemán y, en menor medida, en el de otras universidades europeas. Los estudios que realiza provocan un impacto profundo en el desarrollo de su pensamiento, que se enfoca en relevar y delimitar el lugar de la pedagogía en la evolución cultural de las sociedades. El conocimiento de los movimientos juveniles europeos que, desde inicios del siglo XX, colocaron en el centro de la modernización el conflicto entre autoridad y libertad, lo empuja a una nueva lectura de la Reforma Universitaria y a la necesidad de proyectar sus ambiciones sobre el conjunto del sistema educativo argentino.

The role of the Entrepreneurial House in spreading entrepreneurial culture and thought in the university milieu as a tool to solve the problem of unemployment among university graduates - a case study of the Entrepreneurial House of Mila University Center

This Article aimed to clarify the role of Entrepreneurship House indissemination the entrepreneurship culture in the universities, and try to findout the causes of high unemployment among graduate students, in order tomake proposals to reduce them. The study focused on EntrepreneurshipHouse at the university centre ABDULHAFID BOULOSOUF - Mila2 The descriptive approach was used by describing the most importantconcepts related to this study, and then presenting the important activities thatwere organized by Entrepreneurship House, and showing their impact on thedissemination the entrepreneurship culture at university centreABDULHAFID BOULOSOUF – Mila. It was found that the main reason for the high unemployment rateamong graduate students is due to the policy of the state in this field, inaddition to the lack of awareness among students about the importance ofinvestment orientation, and the necessary to adoption of entrepreneurialthinking as a new alternative to career, The Entrepreneurship House attachesgreat importance to spreading this awareness through the activities itorganizes annually for the benefit of students. 

The Russian-Jewish New York, the Balfour Declaration and the Revolution in Russia in Leon Kobrin's Play Back to Your People!

The article analyzes Kobrin’s play Back to Your People! and the Yiddish press reviews of its performances in New York at Boris Thomashevsky’s Peoples Theater in December 1917 by A. Cahan, I. Vartsman, B. Gorin and others. Critics defined the genre of Kobrin’s play variously as “national drama”, “sentimental melodrama”, “modern sketch” and “tendentious drama” but unanimously noted that it was a direct response to the landmark events of 1917, including the Russian Revolution and the Balfour Declaration. These events triggered nationalist feelings and had a significant impact on Jewish socialists like Kobrin, whose writing and political views were strongly influenced by Russian populism. The play depicted a dramatic clash between two cultural models: an American banker as a “self-made man” and the Russian-Jewish intellectual and Zionist leader. It reflected the issues of inter-generational conflicts, Jewish assimilation and anti-Semitism in America. Kobrin portrayed representatives of conservative and liberal circles in American society and demonstrated different attitudes towards the tragedy experienced by European Jewry during the First World War. The depiction of the younger generation allowed Kobrin to show the American university milieu, the work of the settlement house movement and the educational institutions for the Jewish immigrants. The play touched upon the social, intellectual and political life on the Lower East Side.

Conversations in Food Studies by Colin R. Anderson, Jennifer Brady, and Charles Z. Levkoe (Eds.)

This inspiring collection of essays by mostly young and freshly minted scholars takes me back 50 years, to my own misspent youth during the 1960s and ’70s, when I was part of a social history gang eager to “rewrite history from the bottom up.” We wanted to ask new questions and use new methods, sources, and insights to study groups that had been unjustly ignored and marginalized, and to make what we learned available and accessible to everyday people. Although I left the university milieu to work for various social movements, and though I often wince at the grandiose and harsh accusations we made as well as the utter lack of experience and street smarts we imposed on our cause, I am proud of what that generation of labour and women’s studies pioneers accomplished.

Kontakty personalne i instytucjonalne Jana Długosza z krakowskim środowiskiem uniwersyteckim. Uwagi o stanie i perspektywach badań

Personal and institutional contacts of Jan Dlugosz with the community of Krakow University. Remarks on the research state and prospects Only for three years did Jan Dlugosz study liberal arts at the university of Cracow (1428–1431), but throughout his whole adult life he maintained contacts with the university community, especially with professors. The article presents, first, the state of research done by Polish historians on Jan Dlugosz university studies and his foundation for the university, then the personal contacts and cooperation of the chronicler with Cracovian professors in various matters of the Cracow Church and the Polish Kingdom. Texts by M. Bobrzynski and S. Smolka, J. Morawski, K. Pieradzka, B. Przybyszewski, J. Krzyzaniak, M. Koczerska, M. Kowalczyk, M. Biskup, S. Gawlas, A. Wlodarek and P. Wecowski deserve special attention in this regard. Next, the author of the article suggests new lines of research into Dlugosz’s relationships with Cracovian scholars. The source material of the Cracow chapter and the consistory court together with documents issued by Cracow bishops, chapter, prelates and canons in various matters during the chapter sessions suggest high potential in this area. In 1436–1480, when Dlugosz was a member of the cathedral chapter, a large group of university professors were associated (around thirty persons), with whom the chronicler maintained personal contacts. A full and comprehensive knowledge of this group with all their possible interactions, matters and contacts will make it possible for us to better understand Jan Dlugosz’s relations with the university milieu. The complex study of the chronicler’s library will contribute to the knowledge of Dlugosz’s intellectual contacts with various people in Cracow, Poland, and abroad.

Boredom in the university milieu

Boredom in the university milieu

Alice in transnational perspective and through the history of replication: an exploration of adult play in Australian art and Japanese shōjo culture

ABSTRACTFrom her nineteenth century origins in a text which satirised the university milieu of Oxford, Lewis Carroll’s Alice became, by the end of the twentieth century, a global icon and an inspiration for serious and subversive adult play in numerous locations across the world. Examining two examples of this diverse adult play – modern Australian art and Japanese shōjo culture – this study of Alice as conduit for adult play reveals relations between individual and society, cultural constructions of identity, and enacted and repressed desires. This article argues that adult play constitutes spaces in which cultural relations of gender and identity are subverted and resisted. Thus, instances of adult play placed within their cultural contexts reveal both relations of power in the societies in which they are situated, and the ability of adult play to act as resistance hidden behind the playful childlike guise of imagined alternative (and impossible) worlds.