Knowledge Production In Universities Research Articles

The dynamic evolution of an industrial innovation ecosystem: a case study of Around-Tongji Knowledge Economy Circle (Shanghai)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development and evolution of industrial innovation ecosystems of Around-Tongji Knowledge Economy Circle from the three levels mentioned above, focusing on knowledge-producing populations, core populations and service-supporting populations, and to further develop this research framework by combining with the latest developments. Design/methodology/approach Based on the five-helix theory and economic census statistical data, this paper adopts geographic information system technology and examines the characteristics of the industrial innovation ecosystem and the synergistic evolution process in Around-Tongji knowledge economy circle. Findings The knowledge product populations lead the development of industries in Around-Tongji Knowledge Economy Circle. It contributes political capital output for the government. It innovates community cooperation and governance mode, and it improves the natural ecological environment. In the face of the changes and challenges in the development environment, the future development must be recognised from the height of the iterative development of the interaction mode between university knowledge production and economic and social development. Originality/value Based on the five-helix theory and economic census statistical data, this paper examines the characteristics of the industrial innovation ecosystem and the synergistic evolution process in Around-Tongji Knowledge Economy Circle. It further expands the research framework used to develop a synergistic evolution model, which reveals the interactive and synergistic relationship among the populations and the evolution characteristics of the entire industrial innovation ecosystem. This paper also provides useful perspectives for the study of the industrial innovation ecosystem.

The Content Evolution of Basic, Mission-Oriented, and Applied Research in European Universities

The dynamics of basic and applied research have steadily changed since the eighties, with the private sector reducing its investments in science and universities experiencing significant remodelling in the governance of their funding. Studies looking at this have mostly focussed on industry, and less attention has been paid to understanding the evolution of the contents of university research. We adopt a critical perspective of the basic versus applied research dichotomy, and using a patent-based analysis we first identify a variety of indicators to determine the pure basic, mission-oriented, and pure applied research content. Following this, we observe how university research content has evolved with respect to industrial research content from 1978 to 2015. Our results suggest that relevant shifts occurred in academic research. In particular, while pure basic and mission-oriented research contents remain mostly a matter of university knowledge production, their intensity progressively declined after the early 2000s. Conversely, the pure applied content of university research has been steadily declining since 1978. These results complement recent literature focussing on basic and applied research dynamics in the private sector, while opening up considerations on the role of university research and its value for society.

Theorizing Practice and Practicing Practice – Public Folklore in US Higher Education

Abstract Higher education learning programs in folklore and ethnology should include training for the mastery of ICH and public folklore practices that are integrated with core curricula, grounded in theory and designed to build comprehensive professionalization of these disciplines. It should theorize practice and include engagement in actual projects with impacts beyond the classroom. A disjunction between theory and public practice which persisted for decades is now being addressed in graduate programs in ethnology and folklore, reaching towards what Bourdieu calls the “reconciling of theoretical and practical intentions”. The theories, issues and practices of public folklore currently and potentially taught in the United States suggest approaches that can be used for ethnology and ICH training. Topics can include cultural brokerage, intervention, heritage policies, cultural representation theories, dialogism, cultural sustainability, recontextualization, activism and advocacy, how community is defined, ethics and informed consent along with topics in heritage studies and the study of tourism. Practices taught can include multiple modes of presentation, media production, archiving, organizational and financial management, folklore in education and community engagement. Graduate training should include the intellectual history and contemporary dimensions of intervention in ongoing cultural practices transformative for communities and relationships of practitioners to their traditions. Folklore should be viewed as a practicing profession integrating comprehensive university training and reciprocal relationships between knowledge production in universities and the public sphere.

Indicadores de circulación: una perspectiva multi-escalar para medir la producción científico-tecnológica latinoamericana

En el concepto de que existe una ciencia de corriente principal y, por oposición, una ciencia “periférica”, las publicaciones en revistas indexadas por Web of Science y el tipo de indicadores que se usan para medir la producción científico tecnológica (CT) mundial, han jugado, sin duda, un rol fundamental, ya que pasaron a ser el eje principal de la evaluación institucional e individual también en la periferia. De ahí la necesidad urgente de crear nuevas herramientas de medición de la producción CT en la periferia, que puedan romper con el círculo vicioso que mercantiliza las culturas evaluativas. Los indicadores de circulación se han propuesto como una respuesta posible a este desafío, ya que contemplan la diversidad de estilos de producción y la multi-escalaridad de las interacciones de las universidades. En este trabajo se presentan avances realizados en esta materia. Por un lado, en relación con el circuito latinoamericano de revistas científicas, que no ha logrado ofrecer aún indicadores regionales de la producción CT publicada, para que tenga relevancia en los procesos de evaluación. Por otro lado, en relación con los estilos de producción de conocimiento en las universidades, para poder examinar la circulación de la producción CT en una escala local.

You-niversity: Perceptions of the Public Effectiveness of University Knowledge Production

You-niversity: Perceptions of the Public Effectiveness of University Knowledge Production

Academic consulting – income stream, impact and brand building

PurposeUniversities are expected to accelerate and optimize their role as economic growth engines. Technology transfer is a traditional way of expanding knowledge exchange, and it is typically used in hard sciences. This paper aims to discuss academic consultancy as a novel way to bring especially social sciences, humanities and arts (SSHA sciences) knowledge into the society. In addition, it seeks practical ways to combine both university’s and individual researcher’s needs in consultancy.Design/methodology/approachA case study comprising interviews at two Finnish universities was conducted. Literature on academic consulting was used as background knowledge. International benchmarking was done through interviews and desk top studies. Some background statistics was extracted from the financial database for received research funding from businesses and ministries.FindingsCorporate funding is most prominent in hard sciences, and SSHA sciences seem to get their funding mainly from public sources. SSHA researchers provide services for firms, but these relationships are generally private. According to interviews, there is will to consult firms through university, but researcher’s time limitations, remuneration and academic merit related to consultancy are important factors when consultancy guidelines are drawn. The administration view is expanded from only research staff to include the entire university knowledge production ecosystem and its members.Originality/valueAcknowledging the value of SSHA sciences is topical because the respect towards humanities and social studies seems to be in decline in some developed countries. However, according to this study, academic consulting could have great potential in bringing the human perspective into the digitalized society. The quantification of knowledge exchange would benefit from formal, institutionalized consultancy sales. More studies are needed to assess the impact of academic consultancy on society.

Looking at the Skeleton of University Research Performance A Pilot Study on an Italian University

Though university research performance is very much depending on the specific structure of its collaboration patterns between internal and external colleagues, extant studies did not focus on this aspect. Aimed at filling in this gap, this pilot study investigates into the inner structure of an Italian medium-large sized university, and shows a number of features concerning university knowledge production and transfer, like the high heterogeneity of productivity and collaboration propensity among colleagues, departments and disciplinary areas, topological properties common to other kinds of socio-economic networks, and high positive collaboration between direct and indirect collaboration and impact factor.

University Knowledge Production and Innovation: Getting a Grip

Today universities are increasingly seen as motors of innovation: they not only need to provide trained manpower and publications to society, but also new products, new processes and new services that create firms, jobs, and economic growth. This function of universities is controversial, and a huge and still expanding literature has tried to understand it. The approach of this paper is integrative; it uses the existing literature to answer a number of straightforward questions about the creation of innovations with university knowledge production: how does this happen, to what extent, and if it is desirable. In this way this article grounds the issue. Creating innovation with university knowledge production is relevant, justified and important but this has not been, is not and will not become the core function of universities. The existing literature, in other words, overestimates the importance of university knowledge production - in general, and for innovation in particular.

A promiscuous (feminist) look at grant-science: how colliding imaginaries shape the practice of NSF policy

There is nothing new about a federal focus on investing in science in US higher education (often through contracts and grants), but there is a new intimacy between grants and science. Increasingly, what happens and is valued in the name of research and knowledge production in universities is grant-science. In this article, I provide insight into grant-science by analyzing aspects of the proposal writing process on one of my own National Science Foundation (NSF) grants. This article provides a context-specific look at how broader impacts criteria (BIC) and ethics are re/produced through relations of power and consequently mis/interpreted and mitigated in the proposal writing process. Grant work may not seem explicitly feminist, but as a woman of color who is part of a generation of research/ers trained in feminist methodology by second- and third-wave feminist research/ers, I approach research with a feminist of color imaginary. I take up promiscuous feminism through the theoretical perspectives of Spivak to discuss how my feminist of color imaginary shapes my take on research and grant work. This analytical lens helps make visible how my interpretation and practice of NSF policies of BIC and ethics collide with the more technical ways that some other investigators on the grant projects interpret them.

Universities and Knowledge Production in Central Europe

The article discusses an East/West divide in Europe in university knowledge production. It argues that the communist and post-communist legacies in the four major Central European economies studied (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) matter substantially for educational and research systems. The differences in university knowledge production may be bigger than expected, and the role of historical legacies may be more long term than generally assumed in both social sciences and public policy studies on the region. The gradual convergence of both higher education and research systems in two parts of Europe cannot be taken for granted without thoughtful changes in both university funding (both modes and levels) and governance. The article discusses links between knowledge production, economic competitiveness and regulatory and other environments in which both universities and knowledge-intensive companies operate. The role of factors other than higher education and innovation systems is substantially more important for competitiveness and growth in Central Europe than in affluent Western economies. The international visibility of universities as knowledge production centres is low and the analysis of the geography of knowledge production at the level of regions may indicate that Central Europe is in danger of being effectively cut off from the emergent European Research Area.

Evaluating social science and humanities knowledge production: an exploratory analysis of dynamics in science systems

Knowledge is gaining increasing importance in modern-day society as a factor of production and, ultimately, growth. This article explores the dynamics in university knowledge production and its effect on the state of university–industry–policy exchange in the Netherlands. Science systems are said to be in transformation. The university has evolved from performing conventional research and educational functions to serving as an innovation-promoting knowledge hub; dynamics that have received mixed reactions. The social sciences and humanities (SSH) take a special position, insofar as their focus seems primarily to be placed on conventional research and educational functions, and not directly on (commercial) valorization. Societal changes are, however, pressing for a reconsideration of the role of SSH. In our article, we distinguish between three important new movements that seem to be affecting SSH. It is believed that these movements, which are already having an impact today, will considerably influence SSH in the future. These developments are further differentiation, synthesis between the various subdisciplines of SSH and the natural sciences, and shifts in paradigms. The aims of this article are twofold: (1) to assess what is believed to be the most likely development of SSH by means of discovering relevant subsets of factors influencing university knowledge production; and (2) to discover whether the knowledge production factors show characteristics of a general development similar to the “Mode 2” concept. A systematic qualitative database was created by means of 22 semi-structured personal interviews with key representatives from business, university and the policy sector. Our explanatory framework employs an artificial intelligence method, i.e. rough set analysis. On the basis of these results, we find that a small minority of the respondents prefers a closer relationship of SSH to society, government and industry, and other institutional centers of authority, whilst interdisciplinarity in particular is regarded as having an overall positive influence on the future of SSH in the Netherlands. Consequently, the idea of a clear distinction between Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production, i.e. traditional knowledge and knowledge carried out in the context of application, is not supported by our data.

A PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DAS UNIVERSIDADES E A REALIDADE ESCOLAR: uma análise crítica sobre o modelo atual de sociedade

This article aims to discuss the current knowledge production in Universities and its reflections on society, specifically, at school. The University, a major producer of knowledge, becoming a social organization instead of a social institution has elected vital characteristics in the production of knowledge, for example, the structure of quantitative assessment of scientific publications. These reviews have contributed to the understanding that this science is considered not socially relevant and the understanding of a little transformative pedagogical practice, especially when this scientific content does not reach the schools or is not targeted to changing schools. Key-words: University, knowledge production, school.

Rethinking doctoral publication practices: writing from and beyond the thesis

This article addresses the importance of giving greater pedagogical attention to writing for publication in higher education. It recognizes that, while doctoral research is a major source of new knowledge production in universities, most doctoral students do not receive adequate mentoring or structural support to publish from their research, with poor results. Data from a case study of graduates in science and education are examined to show how the different disciplinary and pedagogic practices of each discourse community impact on student publication. It is argued that co‐authorship with supervisors is a significant pedagogic practice that can enhance the robustness and know‐how of emergent scholars as well as their publication output. There is a need, however, to rethink co‐authorship more explicitly as a pedagogic practice, and create more deliberate structures in subject disciplines to scaffold doctoral publication – as it is these structures that influence whether graduates publish as informed professionals in their chosen fields of practice.

Canonical Analysis of University Presence and Industrial Comparative Advantage

Technology transfer is a key component in the relationship between high-technology economic development and university knowledge production. Modeling the relationship between the output of universities and the economic growth resulting from that output, however, can be problematic. The primary issue stems from defining the scope of technology transfer and from accounting for the technical capacity of regions to absorb academic innovation. This article uses canonical correlation analysis to study this relationship via labor concentrations in high-technology industry and university R&D in areas relevant to those industries. The results indicate that moderately strong relationships do exist, most notably between computer and electronic equipment industries and academic R&D in engineering, life, and physical sciences. Recommendations include a stronger specification of human capital and regional economy interactions as predictive factors in the theory and several policy directives if such relationships exist at the local level.

Cross-Boundary Learning Systems—Integrating Universities, Corporations, and Governmental Institutions in Knowledge Generating Systems

This paper sets focus on the relationship between knowledge production in universities and its application in everyday life. The point of departure is the linear model of knowledge production placing the university in the dominating role. This position is challenged by taking on a systems perspective where learning takes place across tradition boundaries. Universities, corporations, and governmental institutions integrate in the same knowledge production chain, blurring the whole concept of understanding universities as the linking pin in knowledge creation.

University knowledge production and industrial innovation: the evidence

Universities can have the largest impact on regional economic growth by excelling in advanced research and by augmenting the region's stock of human capital. The combination of growth in the stocks of knowledge and human capital offer increasing returns in the region's knowledge production system and in the commercialisation of inventions. A survey of high technology company executives suggests that high-tech firms are drawn to quality university environments in order to gain better access to graduating students and to faculty research. An argument is presented to show that basic science research at universities is taking on added significance in the regional economic growth process, rather than being rendered obsolete by the shift in the loci of advanced research towards private research centres, corporate R&D, research hospitals, government laboratories and think tanks.

Construing "Technology" as "Applied Science": Public Rhetoric of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, 1880-1945

Une taxinomie de la connaissance technologique est developpee, en essayant de montrer l'interaction entre les scientifiques et les ingenieurs, a travers la recherche industrielle et en laboratoire