Shenyang University Research Articles

Breast Milk Enema and Meconium Evacuation Among Preterm Infants

Delayed meconium evacuation and delayed achievement of full enteral feeding among premature infants are associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Identifying a more effective and safer enema for meconium evacuation is imperative for improving neonatal care. To examine whether breast milk enemas can shorten the time to complete meconium evacuation and achievement of full enteral feeding for preterm infants. This randomized, open-label, parallel-group, single-center clinical trial was conducted from September 1, 2019, to September 30, 2022, among 286 preterm infants with a gestational age of 23 to 30 weeks in the neonatal ward of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang. Preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either breast milk enemas or normal saline enemas 48 hours after birth. The primary outcomes were time to complete meconium evacuation and time to achieve full enteral feeding. Secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalization, weight at discharge, and duration of total parenteral nutrition. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted. In total, 286 preterm infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 198.8 [7.9] days; 166 boys [58.0%]) were eligible and included in this study. A total of 145 infants were randomized to the normal saline group, and 141 were randomized to the breast milk group. The time to achieve complete meconium evacuation was significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (-2.2 days; 95% CI, -3.2 to -1.2 days). The time to achieve full enteral feeding was also significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (-4.6 days; 95% CI, -8.0 to -1.2 days). The duration of total parenteral nutrition was significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (-4.6 days; 95% CI, -8.6 to -1.0 days). There were no clinically notable differences in any other secondary or safety outcomes between the 2 groups. In this randomized clinical trial testing the effects of breast milk enema on meconium evacuation, breast milk reduced the time to achieve complete meconium evacuation and achieve full enteral feeding for preterm infants with a gestational age of 23 to 30 weeks. Subgroup analyses highlight the need for tailored interventions based on gestational age considerations. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN17847514.

Study on indoor air quality of a newly built student dormitory in a university in Shenyang

During the heating season, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the test-occupancy staff of a newly built dormitory in a university in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, and the indoor air environment parameters of four dormitories were continuously monitored for 24h. The results show that the test residents have low satisfaction with the indoor air environment. The measured results show that the temperature of the four dormitories with high indoor air temperature ranges from 25.8 ℃ to 29.3℃, indoor air humidity meets the standard requirements, indoor CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations exceed the standard seriously, and HCHO and TVOC concentrations exceed the standard for a small amount of time.

Relieving effect of online ideological and political education on students’ anxiety disorders

BackgroundWith the emergence and development of the Internet, the practice of ideological and political education via the Internet for students has gradually become a new trend. However, some students developed anxiety disorders due to changes in activity patterns, increased pressures from society and individual’s particular mentality. The focus of the present study was to explore the impact of online ideological and political education on relieving students’ anxiety disorders.Subjects and MethodsA total of 200 students with anxiety disorders from different universities were randomly divided into the intervention group (100 students) that underwent online ideological and political education, and the control group (100 students) who received traditional ideological and political education. Pre and post test assessments of anxiety levels were conducted using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).ResultsPre-intervention, both the control and intervention groups showed similar levels of anxiety disorders. However, post-intervention assessments yielded notable results. The anxiety levels in the intervention group who experienced online ideological and political education showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that online ideological and political education can effectively reduce the levels of anxiety disorders among university students. Such intervention can be leveraged as part of the broader strategy to promote psychological health in the student community. Future researchers are encouraged to investigate the specific components of online ideological and political education to have such effect.AcknowledgementThe planning research projects of the China Association of Private Education (School Development) No.CANFZG23433; Research on the Construction of the Cultivating System of Private Colleges and Universities under the Prospective of Ideological and political (No.ZD -2023-10); 2022 Liaoning Province First Rate Undergraduate Course; 2023 Shenyang University of Science and Technology Teaching Team Construction (No.13621-2023-03-079).

Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms and the related factors among international medical students in China during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe two most prevalent mental health conditions are anxiety and depression and they often coexist (comorbidity) in an individual aggravating the person’s psychological or medical conditions. College students suffered from anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to numerous studies. The lack of information on the comorbidity of anxiety and depression (CAD) among international medical students, however, makes it difficult to develop effective policies or strategies to support these students.ObjectiveThe present research seeks to investigate the incidence of CAD among international medical students in China and to identify the variables that may be useful in predicting CAD.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted at China Medical University in Shenyang, China, for international medical students during November 2020. A total of 519 international students provided information on their demographics, stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), revised life orientation test (LOT-R), and resilience scale-14 (RS-14). To investigate the potential predictors of CAD, a chi-square test, a nonparametric test, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out as appropriate.ResultsThe incidence of anxiety, depression, and CAD in the current study was 5.8%, 8.9%, and 22.7%, respectively. The predictors for students having symptoms of anxiety were observed to be the negative coping style (β = 0.662, OR = 1.938, CI:1.07–3.694) and perceived stress (β = 0.167, OR = 1.181, CI:1.076–1.297); the predictors for students having symptoms of depression were observed to be the COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.323,OR = 1.382,CI:1.211–1.577), negative coping style (β = 0.693,OR = 2.000, CI:1.21–3.568), and perceived stress (β = 0.135,OR = 1.145,CI:1.050–1.248); whereas the predictors for students with CAD were observed to be staying up late (Yes VS No) (β = 1.028,OR = 2.794,CI:1.227–6.364), current place of residence (Other continents VS China) (β = -1.413, OR = 0.243,CI:0.065–0.910), COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.371,OR = 1.450,CI:1.284–1.636), negative coping style (β = 1.092,OR = 2.979,CI:1.706–5.203), and perceived stress (β = 0.339,OR = 1.403,CI:1.289–1.527).ConclusionSingle anxiety and depressive symptoms were moderately prevalent among international medical students in China. However, CAD turned out to be the most prevalent mental health issue due to its relatively higher incidence. Negative coping style and perceived stress were the communal predictors of the three categories, whereas stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to both depression and CAD, and staying up late and in residential places were specific predictors for CAD. Study results suggest that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress was related to students’ CAD and depressive symptoms, and specific intervention measures with stress reduction, proper coping strategy, and a good lifestyle might be useful in improving the international students’ mental health status.

Ventricular dysfunction consequences of mechanical dyssynchrony in isolated complete right bundle branch block versus left bundle branch block.

Complete bundle branch block in individuals without structural heart disease is known as isolated complete bundle branch block. Isolated complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) is correlated with ventricular dysfunction secondary to dyssynchrony; however, few studies have investigated isolated complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB), which was previously considered benign but was recently found to be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate cardiac mechanical synchrony, and systolic and diastolic function in patients with isolated CRBBB and compare cardiac synchrony and function to patients with isolated CLBBB. This cross-sectional study was conducted at The First Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, China, from 2020 to 2021. A total of 44 isolated CRBBB patients, 44 isolated CLBBB patients, and 42 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all subjects. Synchrony parameters, including the mechanical dispersion of the right ventricle [the standard deviation of time to the peak longitudinal strain of six right ventricular (RV) segments] and atrioventricular dyssynchrony parameter [the ratio of left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling time to the time interval between two adjacent R waves (RR interval) measured by tissue Doppler imaging]. RV and LV function were assessed by the global longitudinal strain (GLS) of six RV segments and 18 LV segments, and the ratio of the peak early diastolic flow velocity to annular velocity (E/e') of the tricuspid valve and mitral valve. Statistical analyses were performed, including an analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. Compared with the healthy subjects, the mechanical dispersion of the right ventricle was significantly increased, and ventricular function was impaired as evidenced by the decreased RV GLS and LV GLS, and the increased E/e' of the tricuspid valve and mitral valve in the isolated CRBBB patients (all P<0.001). Moreover, compared with the isolated CLBBB patients, the mechanical dispersion of the right ventricle and E/e' of the tricuspid valve were increased, and RV GLS was significantly reduced in the isolated CRBBB patients (all P<0.001). Mechanical dispersion of the right ventricle was independently associated with RV GLS [coefficient, 0.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.004-0.26; P=0.04] in the isolated CRBBB patients. RV GLS (coefficient, 0.10; 95% CI: 0.01-0.20; P=0.03) and the ratio of the LV diastolic filling time to the RR interval measured (coefficient, -0.30; 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.07; P=0.01) were independent factors of LV GLS. The isolated CRBBB patients had impaired cardiac mechanical synchrony and ventricular function, and more decreased RV synchrony and function than the isolated CLBBB patients. Right intraventricular synchrony was independently associated with RV systolic dysfunction in patients with isolated CRBBB. Atrioventricular synchrony and RV systolic function were independently associated with the LV systolic function. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of echocardiography results and close monitoring is required for isolated CRBBB patients.

Exploring a Novel System of Practical Teaching for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Specialties Using Binary Combinations of Theory-Engineering and Research-Teaching at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology

Exploring a Novel System of Practical Teaching for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Specialties Using Binary Combinations of Theory-Engineering and Research-Teaching at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

Front Cover Picture: Strecker Reactions of Formaldehyde with TMSCN, Catalyzed by TBAF and Formic Acid: N‐Monocyanomethylation of Primary Amines (Adv. Synth. Catal. 1/2023)

The front cover picture illustrates the Strecker reaction of formaldehyde, primary amines and TMSCN. HCOOH and TBAF were used as cocatalysts and the TMSCN was used to work as both the cyanide source and protecting reagent. As a result, the side reactions were suppressed efficiently and a broad range of aromatic and aliphatic amines were efficiently monocyanomethylated. This work is dedicated to Shenyang University of Chemical Technology on the occasion of its 70th anniversary. Details can be found in the Communication by Jin, Ryu, Zhang and co-workers. (Y. Liu, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Pei, X. Liu, H. Jin, D. H. Ryu, L. Zhang, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2023, 365, XXXX–XXXX; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200767)

A Method for Predicting the Academic Performances of College Students Based on Education System Data

With the development of university campus informatization, effective information mined from fragmented data can greatly improve the management levels of universities and the quality of student training. Academic performances are important in campus life and learning and are important indicators reflecting school administration, teaching level, and learning abilities. As the number of college students increases each year, the quality of teaching in colleges and universities is receiving widespread attention. Academic performances measure the learning ‘effects’ of college students and evaluate the educational levels of colleges and universities. Existing studies related to academic performance prediction often only use a single data source, and their prediction accuracies are often not ideal. In this research, the academic performances of students will be predicted using a feedforward spike neural network trained on data collected from an educational administration system and an online learning platform. Finally, the performance of the proposed prediction model was validated by predicting student achievements on a real dataset (involving a university in Shenyang). The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the prediction accuracies of student achievements, and its prediction accuracy could reach 70.8%. Using artificial intelligence technology to deeply analyze the behavioral patterns of students and clarify the deep-level impact mechanisms of the academic performances of students can help college educators manage students in a timely and targeted manner, and formulate effective learning supervision plans.

The translation and validation of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being Instrument in China.

To translate the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being instrument (OTSWI) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. A total of 259 patients with organ transplants were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, from November 2020 to January 2021. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability were assessed using test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The Cronbach's α of the Chinese version of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-being instrument was 0.93. EFA demonstrated that 80.785% of the total variance was explained by a seven-factor solution. The criterion validity of the SF-36 was -0.460 (p < .01), while the test-retest reliability was 0.710. The Chinese version of the OTSWI questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of life of organ transplant patients for symptoms and well-being in China.

Preface

The 2022 7th International Seminar on Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (ISAMSE 2022) was successfully held on July 08-10, 2022 in Hulun Buir, China. This time we held an online conference due to the pandemic COVID-19. ISAMSE 2022 provided an enabling platform for innovative academics, engineers and industrial experts in the field of Materials Science and Engineering to exchange new ideas and present research results. This conference also promoted the establishing of business or research relations among global partners for future collaboration.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. We were honored to have A.Prof.Xiaoming Zhang from Hebei University of Technology, China, as our General Conference Chair. There were over 100 participants attending the meeting.In the second part, we invited four professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Rong-Jun Xie, our first keynote speaker, from Xiamen University, China. And then we had A.Prof. Maiyong Zhu, from Jiangsu University, China. His research interest covers magnetic nanocatalysts, environmental treatment, metal organic frameworks and their derivatives as electrode for supercapacitors. Prof. Fanian Shi, from Shenyang University of Technology, China. He got many achievements in the research areas include design and structure optimization of metal complex materials, composite materials, lithium-ion battery materials, photocatalysts, absorbing materials and so on. Our finale keynote speaker, Dr. KARIMI MALEH HASSAN, from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.ISAMSE 2022 focused on the latest research fields of Materials Science and Engineering. These papers feature but are not limited to the following topics: Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ceramic and Glass Materials Computational Material Science, and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.We would like to thank all the participants, who have made this conference a great success. Our special thanks also go to our keynote speakers as well as all the authors for sharing their latest research results. We hope all the participants have had a wonderful time at the conference. We hope that those volumes will not only provide the readers a broad overview of the latest advances but also provide the researchers a valuable summary and reference in this field.List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

Research on the willingness of college students to return to their hometown to start a business under the background of rural revitalization strategy

According to the research of previous scholars, many undergraduate colleges and universities in Liaoning Province have actively organized students to participate in rural revitalization and agricultural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship competitions. Many students also showed a high willingness to participate, and they also chose to return to their hometown to start a business in the direction of employment. Based on the above background, this paper studies the willingness of college students to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship, and conducts an online questionnaire survey on college students in Shenyang University of Science and Technology to further understand the degree of understanding of the current entrepreneurial policies, the willingness of college students to return to their hometown to start a business, and the understanding of college students. The current situation of entrepreneurship education, analyzes the influencing factors of college students' willingness to return to their hometown to start a business, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide a reference for the cultivation of talents in rural revitalization.

Applicability of five nutritional screening tools in Chinese patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo identify the most appropriate nutritional risk screening tool for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, five nutritional screening tools, including the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Short Form of...

Preface

Due to recent pandemic, 2022 2nd International Conference on Energy Engineering, New Energy Materials and Devices (NEMD 2022) was held virtually online during March 18-20, 2022. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 110 individuals who attended this on-line conference, represented many countries including China, Kuwait, Algeria, Italy and Malaysia.The International Conference on Energy Engineering, New Energy Materials and Devices (NEMD), is an annual conference hold each year. NEMD provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss not only the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns but also practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Energy Engineering, New Energy Materials and Devices. There will be participation of renowned Speakers, oral presentations, posters sessions and technical conferences related to the topics in the scientific program.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited two professors as our keynote speakers. A.Prof. Weiyong Yuan, Zhejiang University, China, performed a speech: Self-assembled hematite-based core-shell heteronanostructured arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting. And then we had Prof. Fanian Shi, Shenyang University of Technology, China. He delivered a speech: Research progress of metal complexes and metal oxides as new-generation anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.List of Committee member are available in this pdf.

Measured analysis of indoor pollutant concentration and air change rate in winter in the postgraduate dormitory of a university in Shenyang

In this paper, taking 17 graduate male dormitories of a university in Shenyang as the research object, the relationship between the characteristics of internal personnel and pollutants, the relationship between pollutant concentration and air change rate in the winter dormitory is analyzed by means of questionnaire survey and measurement. Through test analysis, it was found that the number of students in the dormitory whose actual weight exceeded 10% of the normal weight was greater than or equal to 2 people, which would cause the indoor CO2 concentration to be significantly higher than that of the normal weight dormitory, and the smoking of students in the dormitory would cause an increase in indoor PM2.5 concentration; For indoor CO2 concentrations of more than 2000ppm in dormitories that are sealed all night, reasonable window ventilation is required to effectively reduce the concentration of gas pollutants; According to the questionnaire survey, it is known that students do not use doors and windows for ventilation, so that indoor air does not circulate, causing students to have drowsiness, lack of concentration, chest tightness and other symptoms. The results of the study provide a reference for improving air quality and ventilation strategies in university dormitories.

Analysis on night ventilation effect of buildings with different energy consumption levels in Shenyang

In this paper, the effects of night natural ventilation on indoor thermal environment of ultra-low energy consumption in a university in Shenyang were evaluated. The DeST software was used to establish the ultra-low energy consumption building model and the conventional building model, and the accuracy of the model is also verified experimentally. The indoor temperature, building power consumption of air conditioning system of the two models were calculated under the natural ventilation condition at night. The results show that under the optimal night natural ventilation conditions in July and August, the energy saving rate of ultra-low energy building refrigeration system is 15% and 46% respectively. The energy saving rate of conventional building refrigeration system is 14% and 44% respectively. The peak indoor temperature of the two types of buildings decreases with the increase of natural ventilation time at night. Both ultra-low energy consumption buildings and conventional energy consumption buildings adopt natural ventilation at night to help reduce indoor temperature, building power consumption of cooling system.

Characterising common challenges faced by parental caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in mainland China: a qualitative study

ObjectivesThe mental state of parental caregivers affects outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to qualitatively examine perception of common challenges among parental caregivers of...

Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among International Medical Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The rapid spread of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection has been the most important public health crisis across the globe since the end of 2019. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health problems among people during the pandemic, and many studies have reported anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students. However, information on the mental health status of international medical students during this critical period of time has been scarce, which hinders the efforts in making proper policy or strategies to help these students. The present study aims to explore the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in international medical students in China and to find out the factors that have potential predictive value for anxiety and depressive symptoms.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out for international medical students during November 2020 at China Medical University in Shenyang, China. Five hundred and nineteen international students were interviewed with questionnaires containing demographic variables, Stressors in school, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Univariate logistic regression and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted where appropriate to explore the predictive factors of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms.Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms in the sample population was 28.5% (148/519) and 31.6% (164/519), respectively. Stressors in school (β = 0.176, OR = 1.192, CI: 1.102–1.289), negative coping style (β = 0.639, OR = 1.894, CI: 1.287–2.788) and perceived stress (β = 0.230, OR = 1.258, CI: 1.184–1.337) were found to be the predictors of anxiety symptoms among the international medical students; while gender (β = −0.594, OR = 0.552, CI: 0.315–0.968), stay up late (β = 0.828, OR = 2.288, CI: 1.182–4.431), current place of residence (β = 1.082, OR = 2.951, CI: 1.256–6.931), stressors in the school (β = 0.303, OR = 1.354, CI: 1.266–1.496), negative coping style (β = 0.866, OR = 2.377, CI: 1.516–3.725), perceived stress (β = 0.233, OR = 1.262, CI: 1.180–1.351) were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms.Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was moderate among international medical students in China. The communal predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms were stressors in school, negative coping style and perceived stress; while demographic factors such as gender (male), stay up late at night and current place of residence were found associated with depressive symptoms. These results suggest that proper stress management and specific interventions are needed to help students maintain their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Analysis of Layered Geogrids–Sand–Clay Reinforced Structures under Triaxial Compression by Discrete Element Method

Compared with the commonest geosynthetics-reinforced soil structures, layered geogrids–sand–clay reinforced (LGSCR) structures (School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China) can replace granular materials with clay as the primary backfill material. Up until now, the performance of LGSCR structures under triaxial compression has been unclear. In this paper, the discrete element method was used to simulate the triaxial compression test on the LGSCR samples. Based on the particle flow software PFC3D, three types of cluster particle-simulated sand and the reinforced joints of the geogrid were constructed by secondary development. The effects of the geogrid embedment in sand layers, the number and thickness of sand layers in relation to the deviatoric stress, and the axial strain and the shear strength index of the LGSCR samples were analyzed. The results showed that laying the sand layers in the samples can improve their post-peak strain-softening characteristics and increase their peak strengths under a high confining pressure. A geogrid embedment in sand layers can further enhance the ductility and peak strength of the samples, and in terms of the shear strength index, there is a 41.6% to 54.8% increase in the apparent cohesion of the samples.

Performance of a novel ECG criterion for improving detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: a cross-sectional study in a general Chinese population

ObjectivesThe sensitivity of ECG for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is low. The aim of this study was to explore a better ECG criterion for screening LVH in a large...