With the acceleration of globalization, the importance of English as an international lingua franca is increasingly prominent. This paper first provides an overview of pragmatics theory, including its definition, core theories, and its relationship with English teaching. It then focuses on the application of pragmatics theory in college English classroom teaching, teaching material design, and teacher training, and evaluates its effectiveness. Additionally, this paper explores the challenges faced in the application of pragmatics theory, such as the integration of theory and practice, insufficient understanding and mastery by teachers, and students' acceptance and adaptation issues. Corresponding improvement suggestions are also proposed. Through this study, the aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the effectiveness of college English teaching.