University Dental College Research Articles

Evaluation of dental intern's satisfaction and self-competence in treating emergency cases during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic

Background: The study aimed to identify the level of satisfaction and confidence of dental intern students in emergency care emergency room (ER) during COVID-19 Pandemic in order to determine factors that influence their satisfaction such as patient's age, gender, and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah-Taibah University Dental-College and Hospital. The overall sample included in analysis was 105 dental interns with an average age of 24.7 years who were treating patients between July 2019 and August 2020 in emergency dental clinics at TUCDH. Results: The survey response rate was 100% and 51.4% of the participants felt comfortable and 80% felt confident on emergency days. However, male interns were significantly more comfortable and confident than females (P = 0.001 and 0.022 respectively). Endo-emergency constituted 77% of dental emergencies followed by surgery. 81.9% believe that age is the most challenging factor affecting their ER work, and most of them do not believe that patient's gender and ethnicity affect their performance. Stock shortages were the biggest challenge for their supervisor-led management. Conclusion: Majority of interns feel satisfied with their management of emergency cases during COVID-19 Pandemic with superior male significant meaning. More emergency training programs should be established in the educational dental curriculum to improve their satisfaction and confidence rate, especially for females during pandemics.

Vertical growth pattern as a determinant of mandibular asymmetry

Objectives:To determine normal mandibular linear values in three vertical groups, to compare right and left side to highlight a prevalent pattern towards mandibular asymettry.Methods:This is a descriptive cross sectional study in which pre-orthodontic treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 224 patients (between 18 to 34 years) undergoing treatment in Orthodontic Department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College were used and traced on an acetate sheet. There were 74 patients in high angle,76 and 78 in low angle and normal angle group respectively based on their vertical growth pattern using SNMP angle. Condylar height (CH) and Ramal height (RH), and condylar plus ramal height (CH+RH) measurements were done as previously described by Habets.Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups as determined by one way ANOVA. Condylar height and Gonial angle showed statistically significant difference when right and left side was compared, with increased values on the right side.Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in condylar, ramal, and total asymmetry index between different vertical groups. Between the right and left sides, condylar height and gonial angles were significantly increased on the right side. However, Ramal height showed no significant difference. Ramal index has a strong linear correlation with total asymmetry index.

Social Media Use in Dental Practice by Dental Practitioners of India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Introduction: In recent years, social media use has been increased by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in their healthcare practice and it has emerged as a new platform for disseminationof knowledge, information exchange, and interpersonal communication. Aim: This study was conducted with an aim to assess the use of social media in dental practice among dental practitioners in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India by implementing a 15-item questionnaire to 36218 dental practitioners in India registered with Indian Dental Association through an Electronic Survey Application. The questionnaire consisted of a section on demographic details of the participants which included their age, gender, type and number of years of practice. Second section consisted of items about the use of social media in dental practice and one open ended question on the topic. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons were made using a chi-square test. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Level of significance was kept at 5%. Results: A total of 3180 dentists responded and returned the filled questionnaire. Social media was used by 1980 (62.3%) of dentists in their practice and the most commonly used platform was WhatsApp 1650 (83.3% of social media users). Most common reason for using social media in dental practice was for learning new things related to dentistry and staying updated 1470 (74.2%) followed by participation into discussion related to dentistry 1170 (59.1%). Dentists younger than 45 years (p=0.002), dentists with practice of less than 10 years (p<0.001), dentists with specialty practice (p<0.001) and dentists having practice website (p<0.001) were more likely to use social media in their dental practice. Conclusion: Dental practitioners are actively incorporating social media in their practice and non-users also showed interest in incorporating social media into their practice in near future albeit some of them were lacking in the knowledge of the same.

Expression of S100A7 in oral potentially malignant disorders: An immunohistochemical study.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of heterogeneous lesions with an increased risk of malignancy. S100A7 expression serves as a biomarker to identify the dysplastic lesion. To study the status of S100A7 antigen in healthy oral mucosa and OPMDs. Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Pune. S100A7 antigen in healthy oral mucosa and OPMDs. Biopsies were collected of clinically diagnosed OPMDs as well as of healthy oral mucosa and analysed for the malignancy potential. Polyclonal rabbit S100A7 25 μl, BioGenex detection system, hydrogen peroxide, non-streptavidin biotin-HRP, wash buffer, DAB chromogen, TRIS buffer, Harris haematoxylin and eosin. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 27.0. Qualitative data variables expressed were analysed using frequency and percentage. Quantitative data variables were expressed using mean and standard deviation. The Chi-square test was used to compare the grade of intensity, where P value <0.05 was considered significant. Healthy oral mucosa did not reveal any immunopositivity. Oral leukoplakia showed some focal expression till middle middle third of epithelium. Oral erythroplakia was found with maximum expression while submucous fibrosis showed increased intense staining in six cases. S100A7 antigen showed significant immune expression in OPMDs and may be used as a marker for early diagnosis and precision therapy.

Perceptions and Anxiety Level of Students during Administration of Local Anesthesia

Objective: To assess perceptions and anxiety levels of dental students during administration of local anesthesia Study Design &amp; Setting: This comparative cross sectional study was conceived in Foundation University Dental College and conducted in multiple institutes after endorsement from the ethical committee of the university from August – October 2021. Methodology: The questionnaire comprised of three sections which included demographic profile section, perceptions, and experience of administration of mandibular, maxillary, or inferior alveolar nerve block on the 5-point Likert’s scale and comparative anxiety analysis before, during or after local anesthetic administration with interval scale of anxiety response. Results: It was found that 311 (81.8%) dental students/professionals were anxious (cumulative response of “little nervous” and above) before administrating local anesthesia injection. It was found that students were significantly more anxious during and after local anesthesia administration as compared to clinical practitioners (p&lt;0.001). About 89% of the responders agreed to the usefulness of video demonstration while 98% agreed to the usefulness of hands-on practice of local anesthesia administration techniques Conclusion: Students were significantly more anxious during and after local anesthesia administration as compared to clinical practitioners. Video demonstration and hands-on practice are useful adjuvants in the reduction of local anesthesia administration anxiety

Variations of the Mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in a sample of patients attending Ajman University Dental College

The current study aims to measure the variations of the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in a sample of patients attending Ajman University Dental Hospital. Materials and Method: A Descriptive cross-sectional study of 85 pretreatment study casts of patients (M:33, F:52) aged between 11-38 attending the Orthodontic unit at Ajman University Dental Hospital. The samples were selected randomly for measurements, which were performed using an electronic digital calibre. The width of an individual tooth is measured accurately from the mesial contact point to the distal contact point. The measurement was performed for all the 12 maxillary and mandibular teeth (from 16 to 26 and 36 to 46). The data put up in an excel sheet and sent to the statistician for analysis. Results: Class I and II showed a higher overall ratio and anterior ratio in males with no difference between the gender neither in the anterior or the overall ratio. At the same time, Class III malocclusion had a significant difference in both overall and anterior ratios. The maxillary 1st premolars and 2nd premolars teeth have insignificant mesiodistal differences between genders, while the maxillary canine and the 2nd premolar have a significant difference between right and left quadrants. The mandibular teeth showed no significant difference in mesiodistal width between right and left quadrants. Conclusion: The insignificant difference between the sample and Bolton in the anterior and posterior ratios in Class I &amp; II cases explain the similarity of the racial feature. There is a significant difference in Class III between our sample and the Bolton original work.

Emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Escherichia Coli (E.Coli).

Objective: To determine the emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of adult patients of MDR UTI cases caused by E.Coli. Study Design: Retrospective Data. Setting: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Madinah Teaching Hospital / University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: August 2016 to Sep 2018. Material &amp; Methods: This retrospective study included 187 patients meeting the operational definition of multi-drug resistance cases of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. All cases either male or female of age above 15 years with positive reports of urine culture and sensitivity for E.coli were included in the study. Along with the demographic variables urine WBC’s, results of urine culture and sensitivity were noted. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the E.coli resistant UTI cases was analyzed. After identification of the microbe, antimicrobial sensitivity was accessed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on the Mueller–Hinton agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against E. coli strains by using the following antibiotics: Piperacilin, Amoxicilin-Calvulanic, Pipmedic Acid, Cefipime, Ceftrixone, Cefuroxime, Cefoperazone-sulbactam, Ceftazidime, Cephradine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, Tombramycin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Doxycycline, Sulphamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam in order to obtain an antibiogram. Results: In our data, 66.8% (n=125) were MDR UTI, and more than half of these cases were 63.2% (n=79) were females. Among the total 187 cases, 97.3% patients were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to most of the quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to most of the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: This increasing antibiotic resistance is very alarming and steps should be taken to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. Studies should be done to control the risk factors leading to E. coli UTI. By following proper pharmacological guidelines, principles to use antibiotics and manage outpatient cases of UTIs, the incidence of MDR UTI can be controlled.

Personal Identification using Odontometry and Palatoscopy: A Pakistani Perspective

Aim: To determine the most common rugae pattern and to find if it has any association with dental arch form or malocclusion. Study Design and setting: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted using the records of 200 patients visiting the Orthodontic Outpatient department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. Methodology: Number, size, orientation and pattern of palatal rugae were assessed on the plaster models. Dental malocclusion along with dental arch form and width were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies were analyzed. Chi square, Fischer exact test and One Way ANOVA was used to see the significance of differences, p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The sample comprised of class I (n=97), class II(n=87) and class III(n=16).113 cases had inter-molar width &gt;44mm while 87 had ≤44mm. Posterior orientation of the rugae, was pre-dominant for both right (n=100) and left (n=122) first rugae. The most common pattern was curved for both first rugae on right (n=66) and left (n=72) sides. Conclusion: Our study showed that the rugae pattern, size and numbers did not show significant variation in different malocclusion classes. It can be concluded that rugae pattern do not have any significant association with malocclusion class or arch form. Keywords: Arch form, Arch width, Forensic dentistry, Malocclusion, Palatal Rugae

Self-disclosed oral hygiene habits from students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi campus

BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: Dental hygiene reflects the overall health and impacts the quality of life. The present study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral hygiene among medical and dental undergraduate students and to compare the oral hygiene habits among male and female students&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and dental students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi (BUMDC) from December 2018 to January 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the ERC committee of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (ERC/2/2018). Students (n= 332) of MBBS and BDS from first to final year were enrolled by non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data. Percentages were determined for each response. The Chi-Square test was used to check the association of oral hygiene outcomes with respect to gender.&#x0D; RESULTS: The study comprised 332 male and female students, out of which 189 (56.9%) were dental and 143(43.1%) were medical. The majority of students (71.4%) were female. The mean age of participants was 20.8± 1.3 years, 44.6% used toothbrushes, 33.7% used toothbrush and floss, and 21.4% used toothbrush and miswak, 61.4% of respondents have brushed their teeth twice a day, 5.1% of respondents were reported bad smell from their teeth, 58.1% were complaining sore jaws. Dental hygiene was significantly associated with gender (p≤ 0.05). Females have better practices and a positive attitude toward oral hygiene.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Female students had better oral hygiene knowledge and practices with more positive attitude as compared to male counterparts.

Assessing relationship between lip prints, finger prints and different blood groups within the population of Karachi

Aim: To determine the correlation between lip print, fingerprint form and blood groups that can be used for the identification of an individual among gender. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 719 female and male participants with ages between 17-34 years from Bahria University Medical and Dental College. Patterns for lip and finger prints were collected along with the blood groups. SPSS v23 was used for statistical analysis. Frequency and percentages of the qualitative variables was calculated. The association of the variables was analyzed using Chi-square. Results: A total of 719 subjects, there were 327 males (45.5%) and 392 females (54.5%). Type I lip pattern was prevalent in 31.8% males followed by Type I’ in 27.6% females. The loop type of the finger print was observed in 165(50.5%) of males and 162(41.3%) females. The most common type of blood group was A+ in 27.2% in males while in females it was O+ in 29.8%. Conclusion: Individual parameters such as lip and finger prints along with blood groups can play an important role in personal identification of individual. In our study A+ blood group along with arch pattern of finger prints and Type I lip were most common patterns in males while in females Type I’lip pattern along with blood group 0+ and Loop pattern were common Keywords: Lip prints, Finger Prints, Cheiloscopy, Blood Groups, Forensic

Effects of wearing modern hijab on cervical range of motion in female students in a private college of Karachi.

Background: Cervical spine allow maximum and necessary movements for the functioning of head and sensory organs. Any issue with the flexibility and joint movement can be determined by assessing the cervical range of motion. Cervical range of motion (CROM) assessment is commonly used in clinical practice. The current study aims to find the effects of wearing a hijab on the cervical range of motion compared to the normal cervical range of motions.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hijab-wearing female students from Bahria University Medical and Dental College, from November 2019 to January 2020. The study subjects were recruited using a CROM device. Hijab-wearing female students between 18–23 years of age who wear hijab for at least 3 months, with the duration of wearing hijab for at least or at most 6 hours/day were included in the study.&#x0D; Results: A total of 384 students were recruited. Mean Cervical flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 61.06 ± 17.19, and &gt; 6 hours was 55.28 ± 16.09 (p&lt;0.001). Mean extension for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was observed to be 41.03 ± 12.89 and for &gt; 6 hours was 37.96 ± 10.94 (p=0.008). Mean Lateral flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 42.66 ± 10.32, and &gt; 6 hours was 38.96 ± 11.01 (p=0.002). While mean right rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 59.50 ± 14.27, and 6 hours was 63.47 ± 14.13 (p=0.010). Moreover, the mean Left rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 64.66 ± 17.86, and &gt;6 hours was 70.58 ± 14.34 (p=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The routine wearing of the hijab affects cervical mobility. Moreover, it is concluded that wearing a hijab for &gt; 6 hours greatly affects the range of the head for movement, by decreasing the cervical range of motion.

Comparison of endometrial sampling with pipelle versus conventional dilatation and curettage in abnormal uterine bleeding.

Objective: To compare the adequacy of endometrial sampling with pipelle versus conventional dilatation and curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Settings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Madina Teaching Hospital affiliated with University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Period: July 2019 to June 2020. Material &amp; Methods: A total of 90 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in the study. Patients in Group A underwent endometrial sampling in OPD without anesthesia using pipelle. Patients in Group B were admitted, dilatation and curettage was done in operation theatre under anesthesia, endometrial tissue sent for histopathology. Patients were called in OPD on follow up visit with histopathology report. Results: Comparison of adequacy of endometrial sampling with pipelle versus conventional dilatation and curettage in abnormal uterine bleeding shows that 84.44% (n=38) in Group A and 91.11% (n=41) in Group B have adequate sample. P value was 0.33, showing insignificant difference. Conclusion: Pipelle has acceptable adequacy for endometrial sampling as compare to dilatation and curettage. It is an outpatient procedure, no need of anesthesia and cervical dilatation. Pipelle can be safely used as an alternative to conventional dilatation and curettage.

Neurotic personality trait as a predictor in the\xa0prognosis of composite restorations: A 24-month clinical follow up\xa0study

The role of personality traits in modulating the incidence and progression of medical disease conditions are well documented, however, there is a paucity of information for its effects on dental health conditions and specifically on the prognosis of restorative dental materials. This study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of Micro-hybrid and Nano-ceramic composite restorations among patients with different personality traits. A total of 323 patients, indicated to receive operative treatment at a University Dental College Hospital, were invited to participate in this study. Consenting patients were requested to complete the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44 Item) personality questionnaire and were evaluated by a psychiatrist for categorizing the participants based on their personality traits. Out of the recruited patients, 124 patients falling in to the dominant trait of Agreeableness (n = 62) and Neuroticism (n = 62) were included in the study for further investigation. Next, patients from the Agreeableness (Group A) and the Neuroticism personality trait group (Group N) were randomly divided into two subgroups each—sub group Am (n = 44) and Nm (n = 48) for Micro-hybrid composite restorations and Sub group An (n = 42) and Nn (n = 47) for Nano-ceramic composite restorations. Two trained and calibrated dentists prepared the cavities according to previously published methodology. The restorations were evaluated at baseline (immediately after restoration), 6-months, 12-months and 24-months intervals by two blinded independent dental professionals for anatomical form, secondary caries, color match, retention, marginal adaptation, surface texture, marginal discoloration and post-operative sensitivity. There is no statistically significant difference noted in various parameters of restoration performance between Micro-hybrid composite and Nano-ceramic composite compared among ‘agreeableness’ personality group and among ‘neuroticism’ personality group after controlling the personality trait factor. Higher ‘Neuroticism’ individuals had higher restoration deterioration in color matching and surface texture when compared to higher ‘Agreeableness’ trait individuals. Regression analysis showed no effect of gender or cavity size on the outcome of results. Assessment of personality traits may serve as a useful tool during treatment planning which would aid clinicians in choosing suitable restorative dental material and prosthesis design according to individual patient’s physiological and functional needs, thereby overall improving the quality of treatment provided.

Strategies for improving faculty retention: A mixed-methods study in a private medical university in Karachi, Pakistan.

To determine the strategies that improve faculty retention at a medical university. The mixed-method study was conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, from August to September 2020, and comprised faculty members of either gender associated either with the university or with Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital. Qualitative component comprised of semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was collected using the 35-item Faculty Retention Strategies Questionnaire (FRSQ). Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done to extract the common factors influencing faculty retention. Of the 182 faculty members approached, 101(56%) responded. Of them, 66(65.3%) subjects were females, 35(34.7%) were males, 46(45.5%) were aged <36 years, and 65(65.3%) were working at the university for <5 years. The factors affecting faculty retention were direct communication of departmental head with faculty, timely promotions, feedback on teaching performance to junior faculty, clear employment policies, protected research time, teaching expertise-based promotions, implementing innovative faculty ideas, scholarships for postgraduate faculty, faculty administrative positions, equal junior faculty workloads, transport provision, competitive pay-scale and faculty development workshops. Item mean was 4.143±0.380, Cronbach's alpha was 0.894 and inter-item correlation was 0.223. EFA revealed a 4-factor solution: 'institutional work support', 'faculty development', 'faculty communication' and 'faculty leadership initiative'. Implementing these strategies could possibly lead to long-term faculty retention.

Assessing the level of Happiness among dental students of Pakistan: Web-based study

Background: Dental students in Pakistan suffer greatly from unusual distress and are unable to maintain happiness from the start of first year to final year. They are deprived from maintaining their mental wellbeing and happiness. There is lack of evidence Oxford happiness inventory (OHI) evaluation among the students. Aim: To detect the level of happiness in dental students from different professional years. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Bahria University Medical and Dental College was carried out. Dental students were enrolled from first year to final year using purposive sampling method. Results: This study included females 209, and 55 males. Majority of students (48.5%) belonged to 18-20 years age group followed by 21-22. About 50% students were from 1st year BDS, followed by 2nd year (28%). Question assessing happiness of students, 30.9% male students and 35.4% female’s students moderately agreed. Conclusion: The study concludes that overall dental students had an average level of happiness. It is necessary that all the dental educationists in any institution should work with close association to psychologists, there shall be different student services provided and student supporting groups shall be encouraged. Keywords: Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, happiness, well-being, students,

Awareness, attitude and ethical concern of dental practitioners about stem cells: a cross-sectional study

Objective: To evaluate the level of awareness and attitude among dental practitioners regarding the use of stem cells in dentistry and to determine their knowledge of ethical concerns related to the recent therapy. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at Taibah University Dental College and Hospital. Medina and at governmental and private dental clinics at the western region of Saudi Arabia. Responses of dental practitioners who completed the survey were recorded between March 2019 and July 2019 without containing any personal identifiers. Level of awareness and attitude and knowledge about ethical issues in relation to stem cell therapy was established. Results: A total of 214 male and female dental practitioners participated in this study and the majority were registered at the Saudi Commission for Health Specialists 128 (59.8%). Dental consultants reported the highest percentage of awareness about dental stem cells (96%, p= 0.005), whereas general dental practitioners (56.2%, p= 0.005) and specialists (52%, p= 0.005), respectively had a lower percentage. When ethical concerns were determined, dental consultants had the highest percentage of knowledge (56%, p= 0.005), whereas dental practitioners (71.2%, p= 0.005) with &lt; 5 years of experience (69.1, p= 0.002) lacked information about related ethical issues. Conclusion: Ways to increase stem cell awareness among dental practitioners in this study recommended including stem cell topics in the dental curriculum and organizing frequent seminars and conferences on this subject. Keywords Stem cell; Awareness; Ethical; Dental practitioner.

Anti-Microbial Potential of two Traditional Medicinal Plants

Background: Consumers as well as scientific community all over the world, including developed countries are becoming disillusioned with modern health care and are seeking alternatives. In current scenario, it is a better option to capture the wisdom of traditional healing systems, and this would lead to basic scientific investigation on the medicinal plants, to exploit the natural bioactive sources for safe and easily approachable natural therapeutic agent. Objective: The main objective of the study is to find out anti-microbial potential of two important traditional medicinal plants, Pittosporum crassifolium and Citrullus colocynthis Linn. Study Design: Experimental study. Settings: Different departments of school of Pharmacy, Pathology and Biochemistry of University Medical & Dental College/ The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad Pakistan. Duration: October 2017 to February 2018. Methodology: Antibiotic assay is performed by using the disc diffusion methods. The extracts of plants are prepared and from theses sensitivity disc are prepared. Standard size inoculum is also prepared. Then by using the standard disc diffusion method, the zones of inhibitions produced by plant extracts are measured and recorded in mm and are compared with positive & negative controls. Results: Extracts of two medicinal plants (Pittosporum crassifolium and Citrullus colocynthis Linn) were assessed for their antimicrobial activities against medically significant pathogenic bacterial strains capable of causing wide varieties of ailments (Infectious diseases). All plant extracts tested, showed significant antimicrobial activity against test organism (Gram negative and Gram positive), with zone of inhibition 8.33±0.33l to 19.00±2.67. Ethanol extracts prepared by soxhlet apparatus showed better results compared with extracts prepared by simple maceration process. Furthermore, over all ethanol extract showed better results compared with chloroform and aqueous extracts. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of natural bioactive compounds in both plants with highly significant broad spectrum antibacterial potential against all test organisms.

Comparing Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHIP-14) and Masticatory Efficiency with Complete Denture Treatment.

To measure impact of oral health in complete denture wearers and its effects on masticatory efficiency with new complete dentures over the period of three months. Experimental study design. Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan from September 2019 to December-2019. Oral health impact profile (OHIP) was used to measure the oral health impact; and chewing gum method was used to measure the masticatory efficiency in this study. All participants were old denture wearers having the experience of at least 3 years and requiring new set of complete dentures. A total of 31 patients were asked to chew the gum from the routine site of mastication for 20 seconds. The weight reduction corresponded to the masticatory efficiency. The OHIP-14 score and masticatory efficiency was recorded at baseline and after three months of complete denture treatment. The data was analysed on SPSS version 23. The average values of masticatory efficiency were significantly reduced from median (IQR) value 1.20 (1.20-1.30) to 0.90 (0.70-0.90), respectively (p <0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation for physical pain and disability (0.407 and 0.455) at baseline and strong positive correlation (0.771 and 0.825) after 3 months of complete denture treatment with p-value <0.001 on OHIP-14 scale. Statistically significant improvement was observed in both quality of life and masticatory efficiency after 3 months of treatment with conventional complete dentures. Masticatory efficiency was highly correlated with all subscales of OHIP-14 after treatment. Key Words: Complete denture treatment, Masticatory efficiency, Oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Impact of covid-19 pandemic: Perception of clinical year medical students on transition of traditional to online lectures in a medical university of Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the perception of clinical undergraduate MBBS students of online lectures in a medical university of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Bahria University Medical and Dental College. Period: May 2020 till July 2020. Material &amp; Methods: Four weeks after introduction of online lectures. Data was collected from clinical year students over two weeks using Google forms and analysed using SPSS version 22. Result: Of 450 clinical year students, n=234 responded. Overall, 48.7% (n = 114) students were satisfied with the online lectures, 34.2 %( n= 80) were completely satisfied and 17.7 %( n=39) were unsatisfied. 53.4 %( n=125) felt lectures were serving the purpose whereas 37.2% (n=87) do not feel the same. The lack of interaction component in online lectures was felt by 45.7% (n=107) students. Regarding clinical teaching, 72.2% (n= 170) do not think it is possible online, 15.8 (n=35) feel it possible and 12.4% (n=29) were hopeful. Majority 61.1% (n=143) think it is impossible to complete medical studies online. Student ideas for improvement included availability of lecture recording for later viewing, integrated quizzes, increasing interactive component, training of faculty, small group sessions and case based teaching. Majorly students faced internet connectivity issues and timings of long lectures without break. Conclusion: Online lectures can be improved by reducing the issues faced by students, providing them easy internet access, faculty training programs to make interactive and case based presentation and quizzes.

Comparison of ferric carboxymaltose versus Iron Sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Objective: To compare the mean increase in hemoglobin level with ferric carboxymaltose injection and iron sucrose injection for the management of the pregnant females presenting with iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Settings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Madina Teaching Hospital affiliated with University medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Period: July 2019 to December 2019. Material &amp; Method: A total number of 100 patients presented in OPD satisfying the selection criteria were enrolled in the study after permission from ethical committee. On enrollment, a detailed clinical history which include previous iron treatment including and chronic medical disorders was taken. Clinical examination was done. Investigations for anemia include hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, peripheral film and red cell indices, serum ferritin level and Hb electrophoresis if indicated. The patients were randomly divided in two groups. In group A, females were given ferric carboxymaltose and in group B, females were given iron sucrose. After calculating the total iron deficit, patients in group A were given intravenous FCM. Patients in group B were given IS. Follow up of the patient was done after 3 weeks of intravenous iron treatment. The baseline Hb and values after 3 weeks of intravenous iron treatment were compared between the FCM and IS groups and increase in Hb level calculated as mean and SD. Both groups were analyzed for rise in Hb level by using independent sample t test. P value &lt; 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total 100 pregnant female were found eligible for study, and were randomized into two groups of 50 each. Mean increase in hemoglobin level with ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose was evaluated, it shows that baseline Hb was 8.84±0.68 in Group A and 8.78 ±0.76 in Group B, P value was 0.67, after treatment Hb was 12.02±0.89 in Group A and 10.92 ±0.99 in Group B. Mean increase was 3.18 ±0.60 in Group A and 2.14±0.81 in Group B. P value was 0.001. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose significantly increase Hb level and restores the iron stores as compare to iron sucreose. FCM is safe and effective intravenous treatment for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. FCM has the advantages of single large dose administration and fewer hospital visit. FCM is most suitable drug for the treatment of patients with IDA who required quick replenishment of iron stores.