University Committee Research Articles

A review on effective approach to teaching computer programming to undergraduates in developing countries

Universities in developing countries and maybe a few in some developed countries are faced with the challenge of adopting an effective pedagogy for teaching Computer Programming Languages to students. This is due to lack of technological infrastructure and a number of peculiar limitations within these regions. The goal of this paper is two-fold, conducting a systematic review of related literature in Programming Languages and proposing a model for teaching Programming Languages effectively given sparse resources. On the systematic review, a search for literature from 4 databases using appropriate inclusion and exclusion techniques yielded 18 relevant research articles. Based on gaps found in literature, we propose an effective teaching approach that integrates teaching basic foundational aspects of programming, teaching students how to represent computing problems using these foundational concepts and using mobile compilers to compile their codes on the event that systems are not available. A few initial empirical results showing the effect of the adoption of a mobile tool for teaching Programming to undergraduate students are presented. This research recommends the adoption of an Online Console Compiler as the mobile Integration Development Environment (IDE). It also recommends some Programming Languages that should be adopted in teaching students from first year to fourth year using the National University Commission's (NUC) guidelines, course outlines from four Universities and data from Universities in developed countries. Care should be taken in the use of mobile phones as there are safety rules in some developed countries on the minimal set of acceptable systems for programmers. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Related to Organizational Culture Involved in the Internationalization of Iranian Universities

Background and Aim The internationalization of higher education is an effective strategy to meet the diverse needs of a society. One of the factors determining the failure or success of internationalization is the organizational culture of universities. The present study aims to investigate the role of organizational culture-related factors in the internationalization of Iranian universities. Methods & Materials This is a quantitative-quantitative study. Participants were 124 Iranian experts in higher education and those involved in internationalization of universities. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a self-report tool with close-ended questions. In the quantitative stage, structural equation modeling and first- and second-order factor analysis were performed in SPSS and AMOS software. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch (Code: IR.IAU.RASHT.REC.1400.035) Results The ranking of factors affecting the internationalization of Iranian universities showed that the factor with the highest factor loading was “communication & interaction” (1.03) and the factor with the lowest factor loading was “human/physical/financial resources” (0.87). Conclusion Communication/interaction of universities with other education centers, as an organizational culture-related factor, plays an important role in the internationalization of Iranian universities.

Effect of Nurses’ Autonomy on the Quality of Patient Care Based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s Model

Background and Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of nurses’ autonomy on the quality of patient care based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s model Methods & Materials This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 101 nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak, Iran from the intensive care unit and internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments. The data collection tools were Moghimi and Ramazan’s patent care quality questionnaire and an autonomy assessment questionnaire based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s autonomy model. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.66). Results The mean autonomy score of nurses was 3.16 ±0.35, indicating a desirable level. Nurses of all departments had limited autonomy. In the internal department, nurses had unsanctioned autonomy, while in the surgical department, they had autonomous nursing care action. The regression models were significant for all departments except for the internal department. With an increase of one unit in limited autonomy in the intensive care unit, autonomous nursing care in the surgical department, and limited autonomy in pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments among the nurses, the quality of care can be increased by 0.253, 0.187, 0.522, 0.205, 0.466 and 0.129, respectively. Conclusion Nurses’ autonomy can increase the quality of patient care. The nursing managers need to empower nurses and provide an environment for them to apply their knowledge in practicing autonomy.

The effects of psychosocial and economic factors on the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease and their caregivers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: protocol for a mixed-methods study

IntroductionThe number of patients in Malaysia requiring dialysis is expected to rise substantially in the future due to the ageing population and increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hence,...

Effect of Pilates and Vitamin D Supplementation on Quality of Life (QoL) and Mental Health of Overweight Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim Evidence shows that vitamin D deficiency and obesity are associated with impaired physical and mental health. This study aims to investigate the effect of Pilates and vitamin D supplementation on quality of life and mental health of overweight men. Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Fifty overweight men were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into four groups of control, exercise, supplementation, and exercise+supplementation. The exercise and combined groups performed 8 weeks of Pilates at an intensity of 50-75% of heart rate reserve, three sessions per week. The supplementation and combined groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D capsule once per week. Assessment tools were the 36-item Short Form survey (SF-36) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed by paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P˂0.05 was statistically significant. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran (Code: IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088). Results Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal (<30 ng/mL) at baseline. Eight weeks of Pilates alone, vitamin D intake alone, and the combined intervention led to a significant increase in SF-36 (10.57%, 9.26% and 15.75%, respectively) and GHQ (12.66%, 10.72% and 17.90%, respectively). However, the effect of combined intervention was higher on the SF-36 (P<0.001) and GHQ (P<0.001) scores compared to two other interventions. Conclusion It seems Pilates alone, vitamin D supplementation alone, and their combination can improve the quality of life and mental health in overweight people with vitamin D deficiency, where the combined intervention is more effective.

Reproductive Health Knowledge and Services Utilization among Rural Adolescents in Rwamagana District, Rwanda

This study aims to assess reproductive health knowledge and services utilization among adolescents from Rwamagana District. A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in Rwamagana district. A sample of 392 adolescent aged 15-19 participated in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents. Data was collected by using a questionnaire adopted from previous studies. Data was checked for completeness, cleaned, coded and entered into excel sheet, and then exported to SPSS version 22.0 for further analysis. Frequencies and percentage was used to summarize descriptive statistics. To determine the association between different factors associated with reproductive health knowledge and services utilization, a logistic regression model was employed. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical committee of Mount Kenya University. It was observed that the majority of adolescents in Rwamagana District knew the sign of maturity. Overall the majority of adolescents 91.8% in Rwamagana District had good knowledge about reproductive health services. The majority of adolescents in Rwamagana District (66.8%) had ever utilized reproductive health services at health facility. It was observed that adolescents who live with their parents were more likely to use reproductive health services compared to those who do not live with parents (aOR=2.161, 95%CI: 1.162-4.021, p=0.015). Moderate reproductive health services utilization was observed among adolescents. There is a need to increase adolescent’s awareness on the available services at health facilities.

Entrepreneurship Pedagogy and Entrepreneurial Intention among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria: Mediating Effect of Educators’ Role Model

This study examines the mediating effect of educators’ role models on the relationship between entrepreneurship pedagogy and entrepreneurial intention, a descriptive survey research was adopted in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select seven (7) universities that are duly accredited by Nigeria University Commission (NUC) to run the Entrepreneurship program at the undergraduate level, while simple random sampling was employed to select 283 respondents as a sample size using Slovin, 1963 for the study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data with STATA version 15. The results reveal that entrepreneurship pedagogy has a substantial and positive association with entrepreneurship intention among students with beta-value of 0.603 and t-value of 6.67. Evidence also proves that entrepreneurship pedagogy has a direct correlation with educators’ role models with beta-value of 0.756 and t-value of 11.74. Furthermore, the result shows that educators’ role model influences entrepreneurial intention in a substantial and positive way with beta-value of 0.193 and t-value of 2.12. It was also discovered that educators’ role model partially mediates between entrepreneurship pedagogy and entrepreneurial intentions with a beta-value of 0.1460 and t-value of 2.08. Subsequently, the study recommends that the teaching methods should be, do-it-yourself approach, learning by doing, or problem-based learning. Also, Nigerian universities should adopt teaching strategies that work, such as, individual and group projects, inviting guest speakers and especially business simulation activities, in order to spark the interest of students and start-ups. This will go a long way toward educating students about the entrepreneurship process and identifying business opportunities.

Role of percutaneous endovascular intervention in acute limb ischemia

Acute thrombotic lower limb ischemia is a limb- and life-threatening event. Catheter-directed thrombolysis is now one of the best choices in treatment of such condition. Tissue plasminogen activator like alteplase is a safe and efficient thrombolytic agent. The current study is designed to show its efficacy and safety and to investigate variables that correlate with outcome. This is a prospective observational study. It included patients with acute thrombotic lower limb ischemia. Exclusion criteria include acute lower limb ischemia due to embolism, trauma, arterial dissection, complicated aneurysm. Patients with bleeding risk, history of recent intracranial bleeding, massive gangrene, or uncontrolled hypertension are also excluded. The study is approved by ethical committee of Beni-Suef University and assigned number FWA00015574. Primary end points were technical success, clinical success, and limb salvage. Secondary end points were procedural complications. A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study from March 2019 to February 2021 in Beni-Suef University hospital. It included 21 male patients (58.33%) and 15 female patients (41.67%). The patient’s mean age was 58.42 years. The patient’s mean BMI was 31.56.

Salgın Değişim Eğrisi Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik

COVID-19, which affected the world, caused many people to get sick and die. The sudden emergence of the disease, the uncertainties of its treatment, and the high mortality rate affected individuals psychosocially. This study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that measures the shock, rejection, disappointment, depression, trial, decision-making, and participation levels experienced by individuals in the COVID-19 epidemic. This research is designed to be methodological. The data collection tool was transmitted to individuals over digital networks using Google Forms between 04.20.2020- 05.20.2020, and 1137 people were reached online. The data of the research were analyzed with AMOS and SPSS programs. In order to carry out the study, necessary permissions were obtained from the ethics committee of the relevant university and from the participants. As a result of the factor analysis performed for the validity and reliability of the scale, it was seen that the values were within the acceptable range. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value, which shows the scale's suitability for factor analysis, was 0.761, and Barlett's test result was p

Patient privacy protection among university nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Protecting a person's right to privacy and confidentiality is important in healthcare services. As future health professionals, nursing students should bear the same responsibility as qualified health professionals in protecting patient privacy. To investigate nursing students' practices of patient privacy protection and to identify factors associated with their practices. A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A two-part survey was used to collect two types of data on nursing students: (1) personal characteristics, including demographics, clinical experience and use of information and communication technology and social media and (2) practice of patient privacy protection, collected using the Patient Privacy Scale. A total of 319 nursing students aged 18 or above, studying pre-registration nursing programmes and who had attended at least one block of clinical placement, were recruited from a university in Hong Kong. The study received ethical approval from the Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The participants were informed of the study aim and written consent was obtained before completing the survey. The mean total score on the Patient Privacy Scale was 119.7 out of 135. Nursing students who were regular users of Instagram and those who had never taken photographs with patients and hence did not need to obtain patient consent were associated with better practices of patient privacy protection (higher total scores on the Patient Privacy Scale). The findings improve our understanding of nursing students' practice of patient privacy protection and the associated factors. This will inform the development and revision of current strategies to enhance nursing students' practice of patient privacy protection, especially their use of social media.

Youth Culturally adapted Manual Assisted Problem Solving Training (YCMAP) in Pakistani adolescent with a history of self-harm: protocol for multicentre clinical and cost-effectiveness randomised controlled trial

IntroductionSuicide is a global health concern. Sociocultural factors have an impact on self-harm and suicide rates. In Pakistan, both self-harm and suicide are considered as criminal offence’s and are condemned...

Equipment and Facilities Gap in Vocational Technical Education of Higher Institution: Implication for Graduates Employability in Nigeria

Sains Humanika Full paper Equipment and Facilities Gap in Vocational Technical Education of Higher Institution: Implication for Graduates Employability in Nigeria The global aim of technical education is to produce competent manpower who will be employable or self-reliant. The rising rate of restiveness and criminality occasioned by the spate of unemployment among technical education graduates in Nigeria calls for concern. Despite the huge government investment in technical education, there seem to be a lot of grounds to be covered in equipment and facilities. This study surveys the equipment and facilities used for teaching technical students in Nigeria Universities. A peer-reviewed methodological approach based on a systematic review of journal articles and a checklist of the minimum equipment and facilities standards by the National University Commission was conducted using research assistants from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ekiti State University and the Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti was used for this study. The totality of equipment and Facilities available in the 3 Universities for imparting knowledge in Electrical/Electronics, Building technology, Woodwork Technology, Metalwork and Automobile technologies. The percentages of the available equipment and facilities were obtained using Excel Package for generalization. The study reveals that equipment and facilities for some courses in technical education are grossly in short supply. A recommendation was made for further study on the quality and functionality of the equipment and facility for teaching technical students in Nigerian Universities.

Mother's Loneliness: Involuntary Separation of Pregnant Women in Maternity Care Settings and Its Effects on the Experience of Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges of involuntary separation experienced by women during pregnancy and childbirth in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted by the means of a self-administered questionnaire. One thousand and eleven women (1011) from Poland took part in the study, with an average age of approximately 30 years. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Poland. The results show that the majority of the surveyed women experienced involuntary separation from their partners during pregnancy and childbirth: 66.27% had no choice but to give birth alone and 84.37% had not been able to attend medical appointments with their partners. Solitary encounters with healthcare were associated with the feeling of fear (36.4%), anger (41%), a sense of injustice (52.2%), acute sadness (36.6%) and a sense of loss (42.6%), with all the reported levels higher in younger women. Over 74% of respondents were afraid of childbirth without a partner present. Almost 70% felt depressed because of a lonely delivery experience. Nearly a quarter of the mothers surveyed declared that if they could go back in time, they would not have made the decision to become pregnant during the pandemic. Based on our study, we found that adjustments to prenatal and neonatal care arrangements under COVID-19-related regimens are needed. Our proposal is to implement at least three fundamental actions: (1) risk calculations for pandemic-related cautionary measures should take into account the benefits of the accompanied medical appointments and births, which should be restored and maintained if plausible; (2) medical personnel should be pre-trained to recognise and respond to the needs of patients as a part of crisis preparedness. If the situation does not allow the patient to stay with her family during important moments of maternity care, other forms of contact, including new technologies, should be used; (3) psychological consultation should be available to all patients and their partners. These solutions should be included in the care plan for pregnant women, taking into account a risk-benefit assessment.

Determination of the healthcare satisfaction of the parents staying in the hospital with their children diagnosed COVID-19 towards family-centered care

To determine the healthcare satisfaction of the parents staying in the hospital with their children diagnosed Covid-19 towards family-centered care and to determine the relationship between them. This was a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional type study. Data were collected in a pediatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital between March-June 2021. The universe of the study consisted of 141 parents, and the calculated sample size was 59. The study was completed with 64 parents. Data of the study were collected in the light of literature by using Sociodemographic Information Form, The Family-Centered Care Scale and The Pediatric Quality of Life Healthcare Satisfaction Inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 statistical package program. The ethics approval was taken from the clinical research ethics committee of the relevant university. The mean score of the parents from the Family-Centered Care Scale was 60.58±8.77, the mean PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Inventory score of the parents was found to be 71.75±24.21. A positive and moderate level of correlation was found between the Family-Centered Care Scale and PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Inventory and their subscales. It was found that nurses helped families and children to feel well cared for; however, they did not get the opinions of the family at a sufficient level while planning care. In the study, the healthcare satisfaction of the parents was at an adequate level. Besides, it was determined that the opinions of parents regarding family-centered care positively affected their satisfaction.

Association between osteoporosis Knowledge and Food Habits in Female University Students of Lahore

Background: Osteoporosis is a general metabolic disorder which causes many musculoskeletal issues and reduces the quality of life in the elderly population which usually progresses at the age between 30 to 40 years in both males and females. Recent studies suggested some of the associated factors like age, low bone mineral density, sex family history of fracture, less dietary intake of vitamin D, and abnormal thyroid function, these factors are the leading cause of osteoporosis especially in females. It is also indicated that along with other associated factors poor living style, malnutrition and the bad food habits leads to form osteoporosis which contributes in the loss of bone mass in post-menopausal stage of women Objective: To determine the association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore. Methodology: After the approval from the research committee of University an analytical cross sectional study was conducted using the Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) &Adolescent food habits checklist tool (AFHC) to collect data from 138 students. The collection of data was carried by online Google forms because the university was closed due to the pandemic situation. Results: Mean knowledge score was found 9.9 with SD 4.8. Majority of the participants were found having average Knowledge good Knowledge (33.3% and 32.6%). Mean AFHC score was found 12.1 with SD±4.5. Increasing score indicates higher good food habits’ value and r value indicates that there is association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits.

Interrater reliability in the assessment of physiotherapy students

BackgroundReliable and objective assessment of psychomotor skills in physiotherapy students’ education is essential for direct feedback and skill improvement. The aim of this study is to determine the interrater reliability in the assessment process of physiotherapy students and to analyse the assessment behaviour of the examiners.MethodsPhysiotherapy teachers from two different schools assessed students from two different schools performing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns. An evaluation sheet with a 6-point rating scale and 20 evaluation criteria including an overall rating was used for assessment. The interrater reliability was determined calculating an intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) and Krippendorff’s alpha. The assessment behaviour of the examiners was further analysed calculating the location parameters and showing the item response distribution over item in form of a Likert plot.ResultsThe ICC estimates were mostly below 0.4, indicating poor interrater reliability. This was confirmed by Krippendorff’s alpha. The examiners showed a certain central tendency and intergroup bias.Discussion and conclusionThe interrater reliability in this assessment format was rather low. No difference between the two physiotherapy schools concerning the interrater reliability could be identified. Despite certain limitations of this study, there is a definite need for improvement of the assessment process in physiotherapy education to provide the students with reliable and objective feedback and ensure a certain level of professional competence in the students.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University (EK 340/16).

Practices in Paediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy at Kenyatta National Hospital and Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common in children worldwide and pediatric GI endoscopy has become a fundamental component of healthcare for infants and children. There is a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic indications for pediatric upper and lower GI endoscopy as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the endoscopic findings Objectives: To document the indications, endoscopic findings and therapeutic procedures in pediatric upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Gertrude’s children’s hospital. Design: Cross-sectional, consecutive entry study Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital and Gertrude’s children’s hospital Materials and Methods: This study was done over a period of 5 months involving participants of age 13 years and below who underwent GI endoscopy at the endoscopy units of KNH and Gertrude’s children’s hospital. The subjects who met the eligibility criteria were recruited by the Principal Investigator through consecutive sampling. Data was recorded in a data abstraction form. Permission to undertake the study was obtained from the combined institutional Research and Ethics Committee (IREC) of KNH and University of Nairobi as well as the Ethics Review Board of Gertrude’s Children Hospital.Data was anonymized prior to analysis. Written informed consent for the study was obtained from the participants’ parents or guardians. The data collected was coded and entered in MsAccess data base. Data cleaning was done and the data exported into SPSS version 23.0statistical software. All statistical tests were performed at 5% level of significance. Results: Mean age of the children was 7.3 years (std=3.9). Males were 58 (52.7%). OGD involved 79.1% of the participants. In KNH, the main indications for OGD (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy) were upper GI bleed and dysphagia while in Gertrude’s hospital, they were abdominal pain and emesis. Hematochezia was the predominant indication for colonoscopy. More study participants had normal than abnormal gross and histological findings. The commonest gastroscopic findings were gastritis and esophagitis. Hiatus hernia was detected in only 4.8% of the children. The commonest colonoscopic finding was colonic polyps. 69(62.7%) patients had results of biopsies taken being present. The commonest positive findings in the colon and rectum were chronic ulcerative colitis and juvenile polyps, respectively. The main therapeutic procedures done were banding for oesophageal varices, FB removal and oesophageal dilatation. Conclusions: The higher percentages of normal gross and histologic findings indicate more a functional than organic etiology to the GI presentations. Hiatus hernia is relatively uncommon in our population. Juvenile polyps are more common than ulcerative colitis as a cause of hematochezia in children. Recommendations: Considerations for higher possibility of functional diagnoses should be made for patients with recurrent abdominal pains and recurrent emesis. Emphasis should be made for parents/guardians of children who require biopsy that histology forms a crucial part of management

Phase Ib study of durvalumab (MEDI4736) in combination with carbon-ion radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (DECISION study): study protocol for a prospective open-label single-arm study

IntroductionConcurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered the standard treatment strategy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Most recent reports indicate that patients with bulky tumours or adenocarcinoma subtypes have poorer local control. Carbon-ion...

Tumor-Selective Cascade-Amplified Dual-Prodrugs Activation for Synergistic Oxidation-Chemotherapy

Tumor-Selective Cascade-Amplified Dual-Prodrugs Activation for Synergistic Oxidation-Chemotherapy

Abstract P4-05-06: High absolute lymphocyte counts are associated with longer overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin as the first-line chemotherpy. Combined analysis of two phase 2 study

Abstract Background: Eribulin demonstrated improving overall survival of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in EMBRACE trial. Recently, ad hoc analysis of the trial showed that immune response markers such as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was associated with prognosis. However, blood cell count must be influenced by previous chemotherapy because the trial was targeted for late-line treatment.Previously we had conducted two phase 2 trials that estimated efficacy of eribulin as the first-lien chemotherapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in Japan. Base line ALC and NLR were examined for the participants of these trials to determine whether they were also associated with prognosis in the first-line setting. Patients and Methods: A total of 59 patients were enrolled this study including 35 patients of BIRICHEN trial (UMIN000006086; SpringerPlus 2016;5:164) for only first-line chemotherapy with eribulin and 24 patients who treated as the first-line chemotherapy in OMC-BC03 trial targeted for first and second line chemotherapy (UMIN000009568; Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:923). Pretreatment blood cell counts were collected from case report form and compared with survival data. Cutoff value of ALC was set at 1500/mm3 and that of NLR was set at 3 in accordance with ad hoc analysis of EMBRACE trial. The ethics committees of Osaka Medical College and Osaka City University approved the present study. Results: Median value of ALC was 1690/mm3(Quartile Q1,Q3: 1014, 2012) and that of NLR was 2.17(Q1,Q3: 1.54, 2.99). In comparison with ALC, overall survival (OS) was 132.6 months in the ALC-high group(>=1500;n=33) versus 76.4 months in the ALC-low group (< 1500; n=26). Hazard ratio(HR) was 0.52(95%CI; 0.27-1.01) with border line significancy. Progression free survival(PFS) is 28.0 months in the ALC-high group versus 20.4 months in the ALC-low group. HR was 0.91(95% CI; 0,51-1.60) without statistically significant difference. In NLR, OS was 20.7 months in the NLR-low group(<3;n=45) versus 4.6 months in the NLR-high group. HR was 0.40 (95%CI; 018-0.90) with statistical significance. PFS was 6.2 months in the NLR-low group versus 10.8 months in the NLR-high group (>=3; n=14). HR was 0.57 (95%CI; 0.25-1.30) without statistically significant difference. Conclusions: In the post hoc analysis of the EMBRACE trial, patients who assigned eribulin group with ALC 1500 or higher had better OS than those with ALC less than 1500, but no difference was observed in PFS. In addition, those with NLR less than 3 had better PFS and OS than those with NLR 3 or more. In comparison with the capecitabine group, although low NLR was a good prognostic factor not only in eribulin group but also in capecitabine group, high ALC was suggested to be a particular prognostic factor of eribulin. However, since EMBRACE study was a late line setting, there could be an effect of myelosuppression by pretreatment. Our first-line results did not affect bone marrow function by prior chemotherapy, but similar results were obtained. ALC may be a prognostic factor of eribulin regardless of the treatment line, suggesting that eribulin exerts its effect by acting on the immune microenvironment. Citation Format: Tsutomu Takashima, Kosei Kimura, Hidemi Kawajiri, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Shinya Tokunaga, Shigehiko Nishimura, Satoru Noda, Hiroyo Oku, Ayana Ikari, Tomo Tominaga, Saki Maezawa, Junna Sakane, Mitsuhiko Iwamoto. High absolute lymphocyte counts are associated with longer overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin as the first-line chemotherpy. Combined analysis of two phase 2 study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-06.