University Awards Research Articles

Slimes and Death-Dealing Dambos: Water, Industry and the Garden City on Zambia's Copperbelt**The Wellcome Trust funded some of the research on which this article is based – University Award Grant No. 056339, ‘Mining, medicine and the body in Zambia’, 1999–2002. Thanks to Timothy Mgala of the University of Zambia's Institute for Economic and Social Research for assistance with the interviews.

From 1927 to 1930 Roan Antelope Mine in colonial Zambia experienced a high death rate, which disrupted the recruitment of both European and African miners. This mortality crisis stimulated subsequent plans for urbanisation on the Copperbelt, which emerged from interwar thinking about city planning, tropical sanitation and malaria control. Mining industrialists, medical experts and government officials evoked a vision of the ‘garden city’ to foster an image of concern for the health and welfare of their workers; and the mastery of water dominated their garden city plans for the Copperbelt towns. Malaria experts and mining engineers radically altered rivers and wetlands to reduce flooding of mine shafts and limit mosquito-breeding habitat. The result was a highly controlled medicalised and industrialised environment that expanded with the growth of the Copperbelt towns. Yet water in its material and sacred forms constantly reasserted its power, disrupting industrial and medical control. This article focuses on the event that initiated this pattern of control and disruption – the Luanshya River Snake episode, 1927–1930. The history of stories about this vengeful snake spirit can provide insights about African and European responses to the power of water on the Copperbelt.

How Much Do Multicultural Residents of Greater Vancouver Know About the Internet?

Vancouver high school honors and university award lists are crowded with Asian names. But do these abilities in face-to-face settings extend to the Internet, which is the centerpiece of distributed learning? The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which Internet knowledge varied as a function of age, sex, and language spoken at home. An Internet Quiz was administered to 3,537 residents in Greater Vancouver. Those who spoke English at home knew more about the Internet than those who spoke Chinese or other languages. The difference in English, Chinese, and other language scores possibly stemmed from relationships between Internet use and Internet knowledge, the pragmatism of Chinese in Greater Vancouver, the exigencies of immigration, and English-language dominance of the Internet.

Using the Internet to Gain Personalized Degrees from Learning through Work

This paper presents the outcomes of a systematic review of the experience of the first cohorts using Ufi's online Learning through Work (LtW) facility to negotiate personalized programmes of study leading to full university awards based on projects related to their everyday work. The concept of learning through work and wider experience of online work-based learning are discussed, and the main features of the LtW programme are described. Data are drawn from user surveys and in-depth interviews of participants. A grounded theory methodology is used to allow propositions to emerge from the data about user readiness, institutional responses and wider impact on the learners and their work-place. These propositions are presented for discussion in the wider context of learner-managed learning and the use of the Internet for university-recognized learning through work.

Benchmarking for archaeology honours degrees in Australian universities

A bachelor degree with honours in archaeology is still seen as the fundamental level of academic achievement required to gain entry to the profession and to higher degree research in archaeology in Australia. This is despite the recent proliferation of other kinds of similar university awards, such as specialist diplomas and coursework masters programs. A comparison of the content and standards of honours degrees currently offered by Australian universities suggests variation in the threshold standards, the contents and the grading systems used. Considering our common belief in the role of the degree we think that it is now time to introduce standardisation and benchmarking practices, such as those implemented in British universities.

A Reflective Conversation With Barbara Clark

Dr Barbara Clark is a Professor Emeritus in the Charter College of Education at California State University, Los Angeles. Dr Clark is the author of the widely used text, ‘Growing Up Gifted’, now in its sixth edition (2002), published by Merrill/Prentice-Hall and ‘Optimizing Learning’ published by the same company in 1986. In addition, she has published many articles in a variety journals, serves as editor of ‘World Gifted’, and is a review editor for several journals including ‘The Gifted Education Communicator’, and ‘Gifted and Talented International’. Dr Clark is the Immediate Past President of the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children, a Past President of the National Association for Gifted Children, and is on the board of Directors and a Past President of the California Association for the Gifted. She was named California State University, Los Angeles Outstanding Professor of 1978–1979 and nominated for California State Universities and College Trustees Award for Outstanding Professor in 1980-1981 and 1984–1985. Dr Clark received the World Council International Distinguished Service award in 2003. Dr Clark has presented major addresses and workshops throughout the United States, Australia, Austria, Canada, England, Mexico, South Africa, the Netherlands, China, Kyrgyzstan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Spain, Turkey, and Thailand. Her current interests are in the improvement of gifted education, the further development of Integrative Education, a model for optimizing learning that is based on brain/mind research, and research into intuitive intelligence.

The Changing Nature of Financial Aid

A complex formula known as needs analysis took into account family income, assets, and other characteristics to determine the amount that a student and her family could afford to contribute to postsecondary education. The difference between the cost of attending the institution of the student's choice (including tuition, room, board, books, transportation, and other expenses) and the family's contribution established the amount of financial aid for which the student would qualify. Over the past decade, however, a major shift has occurred in the way states and colleges and universities award financial aid to undergraduate students in the United States.1 Both states and institutions have substituted measures of academic merit for

2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes of multicellular organisms.

Investigation of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes (Mr ≈ 106−107 Da) has many facets, from studies of organic catalysis within the protein structure to unraveling general principles of multienzyme complex assembly [[1-5]]. It bridges bioorganic chemistry and cell biology, and is both fascinating in itself and important methodologically. In particular, 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes are inexhaustible source of valuable data for understanding the biological significance of protein assemblies. A new type of symmetry-driven dynamics of the complexes has also been suggested [[6]]: the ‘breathing’ of the macromolecular structure is presumed to have an impact on its catalysis and regulation, although the exact relationship between the dynamics and function is still to be established. Studies of the transfer of intermediates within the complexes have revealed a multiple random coupling mechanism provided by a network of covalently attached lipoyl groups in the complex multimeric core, with catalysis accelerated in part by mechanical movements of domains [[7]]. In this Minireview series, we demonstrate the benefits of multienzyme assemblies for integrated functional regulation. Thus, only one molecule of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase may be employed by the 60-meric core to rapidly inactivate all molecules of the first component enzyme in a process sensitive to the chemical state of the lipoyl groups in the assembly (Minireview in this series, Roche et al.). Another advantage of an extended complex is its ability to create compartments of biologically active intermediates. This not only increases the local concentration of the intermediate, but also influences its reactivity, enabling reactions that are not efficient with the same number of separate molecules (Minireviews in this series, Bunik and Roche et al.). What allows the enzyme complexes to satisfy the additional requirements of multicellular organisms? We address this question by focusing on the regulation of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes from higher plants and animals. The first Minireview presents data on specific intra-organellar regulation of mammalian complexes by mitochondrial thioredoxin. Such regulation appears to have evolved along with protein compartmentalization within the mitochondria. The second Minireview considers peculiarities of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes within the different cellular compartments, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Specific metabolic requirements of the organelles are met through modified regulation of the same catalytic process. This principle is also applied at the tissue level. Study of the pyruvate dehydrogenase regulation by phosphorylation (third Minireview) demonstrates that the enzyme function is adjusted to metabolic demands of different tissues by the tissue-specific kinases and phosphatases. Thus, multicellular systems are characterized by an increased complexity of the enzyme regulation; organization of proteins into multienzyme structures is a powerful means to extend the opportunities for regulation. Victoria Bunik is currently a senior scientist of the A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University looking at the structure–function relationship in the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes following her PhD (1987) and Doctor of Chemical Sciences (2001) in the same field. In 1992 she was awarded the Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University award for the best research among young scientists. Victoria has collaborated with several laboratories in Europe and the USA, including a period (1996–1997) of research at Tuebingen University in Germany provided for by a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Bonn, Germany), which she received in 1995.

The Globalization of Higher Education: Some Observations Regarding the Free Market and the National Interest

The globalization of higher education, which is as much an affair of electronic delivery as of franchising and of validation of university awards, has given rise to various concerns. The most well known of these has been the question of quality; however, there are also cultural, economic, and political factors, examples of all of these being given. Some countries, indeed, have made such efforts to regulate transnational higher education offerings on their national territories that they have created less than legitimate barriers to such programmes. The higher education community should respond forcefully to these barriers.

The Globalization of Higher Education: Some Observations Regarding the Free Market and the National Interest

The globalization of higher education, which is as much an affair of electronic delivery as of franchising and of validation of university awards, has given rise to various concerns. The most well known of these has been the question of quality; however, there are also cultural, economic, and political factors, examples of all of these being given. Some countries, indeed, have made such efforts to regulate transnational higher education offerings on their national territories that they have created less than legitimate barriers to such programmes. The higher education community should respond forcefully to these barriers.

Temple University School of Medicine.

Temple University School of Medicine.

SEG rewards young scientists and engineers at the 1999 International Science and Engineering Fair

The 50th Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) was held 2–8 May 1999 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. and exhibited an impressive array of young intellect and inventiveness. On this golden anniversary of the event, students from all 50 U.S. states and 49 countries demonstrated and explained their projects to teams of judges and the public. Professional organizations, federal agencies, corporations, and universities award several million dollars in scholarships, cash, and gifts.

The midwifery curriculum—Preparing beginning or advanced practitioners?

Midwifery education in Australia has undergone rapid change in the last decade. It has been transferred from a traditional hospital based program developed to suit the service needs of an organisation, to a tertiary course of studies. This move has not been completed in all States/Territories and some still have hospital based courses. A diverse range of University awards for midwifery education have been developed. The curriculum, in the majority of these courses, has been developed by the academic staff based on their expertise and experience in the field of midwifery. This paper will give a brief overview of midwifery education in Australia and report the findings of a small study to define beginning and advanced midwifery practice as a curriculum development exercise and identify that beginning and advanced midwifery practice are different. It will also demonstrate the need for Universities to provide midwifery programs that are flexible, creative and appropriate for the learner.

Fulfilling Private Dreams, Serving Public Priorities: An Analysis of TRIO Students' Success at Independent Colleges and Universities

As the nation prepares to welcome and introduce an increasingly more diverse student population to higher education, many challenges must be addressed to ensure these young people's success -and consequently the future of our nation. A good number of these prospective collegebound students will be counted among TRIO's traditional target group. This article examines the role of private colleges and universities in contributing to the success of the TRIO target student population. The analysis focuses on how TRIO participation at private institutions affects student success in enrollment and persistence to baccalaureate degree attainment. INTRODUCTION The education of and low-income youth will be a key dimension of the nation's economic and social future. The size and face of America's youth population is changing rapidly. As a result, access to higher education for and low-income students is gaining even more importance and producing new challenges. Demographic studies show that by 2010, four states-California, Florida, New York, and Texas-will contain fully one-third of the nation's youth population. Perhaps even more significantly, all four of these states will have minority youth populations of more than 50%. Three additional states will have youth populations of more than 40% (Hodgkinson, 1993). Nationwide, nearly 35% of the youth population will be members of groups in 2010 (Bureau of the Census, 1995). As the nation prepares to welcome and introduce these students to higher education, many challenges must be addressed to ensure these young people's future and successand consequently the future of our nation. A college education is more important than ever, yet many of these students will come to our institutions of higher learning from low-income households with limited exposure to postsecondary education. Many of them will be the first members of their families to attend college. Various policymakers and authors have detailed the unique barriers to success facing these first-generation-college and low-income students (Gladieux, 1996). How can we best prepare them for the challenges and opportunities ahead? What types of outreach and institutional support will best equip them to access and achieve at our nation's colleges and universities? The 1,600 independent (or private) colleges and universities in the United States play an important role in serving students from widely diverse backgrounds. Private institutions enroll 2.3 million undergraduates, including approximately 500,000 students from families earning less than $25,000, nearly 650,000 students, and more than 500,000 students who are the first in their families to attend postsecondary education. These institutions include traditional liberal arts colleges, major research universities, churchand faith-related institutions, historically Black colleges and universities, women's colleges, and schools of law, medicine, business and other professions. Enrolling but 21% of all students in the U.S., independent colleges and universities award 31% of all degrees, 26% of all undergraduate degrees, 43% of all graduate degrees, and 61% of all first professional degrees in fields such as law, medicine, engineering, and business (National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, 1998). They offer students from diverse backgrounds access to higher education and a choice in the type of educational experience that will uniquely meet their individual interests, needs, and aspirations. They also offer a learning environment that has been proven successful, year after year. The nation's TRIO programs were established by the federal government in 1965 to ensure equal educational opportunity for all Americans, regardless of race, ethnic background, or economic circumstances. As mandated by Congress, two-thirds of TRIO participants are low-income, first-generation-college students-specifically, students from families with incomes under $24,000 and in which neither parent attended college. …

Factors Associated with Creativity in Health Educators Who have won University Teaching Awards: A Modified Qualitative Approach

This study was designed to capture the importance of factors associated with creativity in successful teaching in health education. The focus of the majority of earlier creativity studies in education, in general, has been on the students, while few, if any, studies having focused on practicing teachers at the college level. With this in mind, we conductedan open-ended interview to determine what factors were associated with creativity in health educators who had received university teaching awards. The telephone interviews were performed on 10 (five males and five females) university instructor/professors having received at least one student determined award. This study was based in part on the methodology employed in naturalistic inquiry. The challenges of teaching were met by the participants with perseverance, motivational factors were intrinsic, and supportive factors were those on the job and those associated with family members. Participants thought they used both divergent and convergent styles in generating and selecting ideas. Tension was identified as a major trigger in generating new ideas. Participants said that they experimented with new ideas, used personal and student cues, and were resilient when responding to failure. The majority of participants said that they experienced flow-like (optimal or peak) experiences, but were unable to create them on demand. All participants recognized the importance of using stories, analogies, parables, and metaphors in their teaching. The participants revealed what they believed separated them from other teachers. Finally, the participants recognized the role of creativity in their teaching and defined creativity as “the generating of something new and different … or taking something old and giving it a new direction or shaping it in adifferent way.” In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of the creative process and related qualities in those health educators having received an award at a university level.

Bias in Japanese university awards?

Bias in Japanese university awards?

Bias alleged in Japanese university awards

Bias alleged in Japanese university awards

Forty Years of Audiology in Israel.

A broad spectrum of audiology programs and services has been developed in Israel over the past 40 years. Tel Aviv University awards bachelor's and graduate degrees in audiology and speech-language pathology. There is a national licensing program for audiologists and speech-language pathologists who have earned at least a baccalaureate degree and have completed one year of service under the supervision of a senior professional. Wellequipped medical center clinics in the major geographic areas are easily accessible from all parts of the country. Privately operated audiology clinics and offices are run by licensed audiologists, and hearing aid dispensing establishments are staffed mostly by licensed audiologists. An organized national hearing screening program begins with infants and young children in well-baby clinics. Special education programs emphasize integration of children with severe and profound hearing loss in regular classrooms, and volunteer service centers provide supplementary habilitation and social and cultural experiences for such children. Hearing conservation programs for the retired population are carried on in community health maintenance centers for the older adult. Industrial and military hearing conservation programs have been established. Israeli scientists and clinicians engage in both basic and clinical research, and Israel's professional organizations organize periodic local, national, and international meetings, facilitating significant interaction and collaboration with colleagues and organizations abroad.

Colorado State University Awards Honors

Colorado State University Awards Honors

Library Support for Franchised Courses in Higher Education

The British Library Research & Development Department is funding a two‐year study of library support for franchised higher education courses in the UK. “Franchising”, in this context, is a process whereby a university approves another body, usually a college of further education, to run one of the university's own courses at the college. Delivery of the course, and provision of the necessary resources, including library services, are the college's responsibility. Students who complete the course receive a university award and/or are able to progress on to other university courses. It is believed that there are about 50,000 students in the UK following such courses.

High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria for carbon dioxide + methanol, carbon dioxide + ethanol, and carbon dioxide + methanol + ethanol

This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation and University Awards Program of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology