University Archives Research Articles

Hope for Labor at the End of History

Hope for Labor at the End of History Steve Fraser (bio) and Joshua Freeman (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Photo from “The Fight for America’s Future: A Teach-In with the Labor Movement.” From left to right: Richard Rorty, Cornel West, Steve Fraser, Eric Foner, Ira Katznelson, Manning Marable, Betty Friedan, George Rupp, Patricia J. Williams, Joshua Freeman, and John Sweeney. (Courtesy of Columbia University Archives) [End Page 110] It was “the end of history”: America in the 1990s. Francis Fukuyama published a book with that title in 1992. Things would continue to happen, according to the philosopher, but the underlying story line had come to a finish with the triumph of liberal democracy and capitalism. As the decade wore on, Fukuyama’s prophecy seemed practically clairvoyant. At the turn of the millennium, Bob Dylan captured the zeitgeist: “I used to care, but things have changed.” Yet how could that be? Talk of a second Gilded Age of gross disparities in income and wealth was already commonplace. Homelessness, declining wages, a reemergence of sweatshop labor, an explosion of a contingent and deeply insecure labor force, a population of the working poor numbering in the tens of millions, industrial ghost towns, the surgical removal of a whole occupational species of middle managers—on and on went the litany of what the “market republic” had accomplished. CEO pay had grown to 500 times that of the average worker. This was the high noon of bipartisan neoliberalism in the United States. Bill Clinton was the new president, and by the time he had finished taking his inaugural oath he had jettisoned the faintly populist aroma of his campaign. After failing to extend healthcare to millions of uninsured, Clinton responded to a Republican triumph in the 1994 midterm elections with punitive workfare reform, ending, as he said, “welfare as we know it.” Talk of labor-law reform was silenced. Republicans and Democrats found common ground when it came to shrinking the welfare state, and the Democrats took the lead in accelerating mass incarceration through a crime bill in 1994. A systematic deregulation of Wall Street would come later during Clinton’s watch. All of this was good for business. A galaxy of business-oriented foundations, think tanks, magazines, policy ateliers, television and radio commentators, newspaper editorialists, and megachurches applauded the new wisdom, formed its programs, lobbied for its interests, lent it intellectual ballast, and rationalized its social unconsciousness. [End Page 111] Nothing resembling a social opposition of any muscle was in sight. Organized labor was nearly comatose. It had once represented a third of the labor force; now that was down to a sixth, and only 10 percent in the private sector. When strikes happened, which was less and less frequently, they usually ended in failure or, at best, preserved the status quo. The last great social movements to disturb the equanimity of American life—the civil rights movement especially, but also the antiwar and feminist insurrections—had taken place decades earlier and were receding rapidly from view. Trace amounts of that unruly era were detectable here and there. But, for all practical purposes, the labor movement was dead, the Black liberation movement was dead, the anti-imperial movement was dead, the feminist movement was dead. News from Nowhere Then, on a crisp October evening in 1996, something totally unexpected happened. Somewhere in the neighborhood of 2,000 people showed up at Columbia University to attend an event called “The Fight for America’s Future: A Teach-In with the Labor Movement.” People came from up and down the East Coast. Busloads of students arrived from area colleges. Professors mixed with transit workers and schoolteachers. The young, the old, and the middle-aged rubbed shoulders. There were about 1,500 more attendees than the organizers of the event anticipated. The rotunda of Low Library, where the opening plenary of the two-day teach-in was to convene, was packed; fire marshals ordered it closed to further entrants. Improvising, organizers set up loudspeakers outside, and two auditoriums were commandeered, one with an audio feed and the other with a closed-circuit television, to accommodate at least some of the overflow. Inside...

Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun by Katherine Jankowski

Reviewed by: Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun by Katherine Jankowski Arlene B. Kelly (bio) Jankowski, Katherine. 2020. Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun. KLGoss. (438 pages. $29.09–$32.41, paperback, ISBN 978-1734953-63-3; ebook, ISBN 978-1734953-61-9). In 2007, I wrote an essay lamenting that when looking though my personal library, I found so few books written by culturally Deaf women (Kelly 2007, 259). Most books about Deaf lives were/ are written by white hearing men. Needless to say, this biographical sketch of a famed Deaf woman compiled and penned by an equally brilliant and culturally Deaf female writer is definitely a delightful addition to my personal bookshelves. This is further treasured knowing that it took several years for Jankowski to complete the book, a testament of her commitment to spotlight sexism, audism, and racism within the Deaf community at the turn of the century and beyond. This biography is very detailed in presenting the life of Agatha Tiegel Hanson (September 14, 1873–October 17, 1959) from her birth in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, through her life in Washington, DC, Minnesota, Washington, and Oregon, and to her death in Portland, Oregon. Agatha, as the first woman to earn a bachelor's degree from the National Deaf Mute College,1 deserves to be highlighted in a single 438-page entity, along with her architect husband Olof Hanson (September 10, 1862–September 8, 1933) and their three daughters Marion, Alice, and Helen. A natural-born teacher, Agatha was an advocate of using sign language in the instruction of Deaf children, a pressing issue of the time as well as today. As a seasoned rhetoric author (Jankowski 1997), Jankowski painstakingly took care in being meticulous in her execution. An estimated 90 to 95 percent of the text emerged from archival findings at the [End Page 492] Gallaudet University Archives and the Seattle Public Library. Articles either by or about Agatha were engendered from various publications such as The Buff and Blue,2 Deaf-Mutes' Journal, Silent Worker, and Gallaudet Alumni Bulletin, to name a few. Excerpts from Pittsburgh and Seattle newspapers where Agatha resided were also provided in the text. More endearing were letters from or to Agatha found in the Gallaudet University Archives' well-preserved collections of papers by Agatha Tiegel Hanson, Olof Hanson, and President Edward Miner Gallaudet. These correspondences afford a deeper insight into her persona. To further supplement the biographical sketch were email correspondences and video relay calls between Jankowski and Agatha's descendants. These communiques were extraordinary in that they breathed life into Agatha. Black-and-white photographs from the family are also included in the book, giving greater insight into Agatha's life. The centerpiece of this book is Agatha's 1893 prerequisite graduation speech,3 "The Intellect of Woman," emphasizing educational and political equity for women. The audience was mostly men, many of whom were Senators, and such who supported the funding of the National Deaf Mute College. Agatha was beyond courageous to have presented this speech, especially when coeducation was just beginning in America. Equally important and helpful was having the historical context that had an impact on Agatha's family. The biggest takeaway from this reading was how the family survived World War I. The spouses lived apart for two years during the war. Employment in Seattle was lacking at this time, so while Agatha and their daughters lived in Seattle, Olof worked in Nebraska and later in Minnesota, sending money home in various amounts. As luck would have it, Olof returned home to his family on the day before Armistice Day.4 Agatha and Olof had a fun side. Because they had a sense of community, they often hosted big parties at their home to celebrate birthdays, weddings, and visiting friends in town. A fun takeaway was that Agatha loved to serve ice cream and cake, which was always at these parties. This happens to be a favorite of this reviewer as well. As a fan of footnotes, I found the endnotes at the back of the book to be rather awkward. While this is a personal preference, I also [End Page 493] acknowledge...

Establishing a University Archive to Preserve Its Memory and Identity: The Experience of Alzahra University

Establishing a University Archive to Preserve Its Memory and Identity: The Experience of Alzahra University

The role of the university archive in preserving university memories (a historical and biographical essay on the archive of the Ural State Law University)

The role of the university archive in preserving university memories (a historical and biographical essay on the archive of the Ural State Law University)

PAMERAN VIRTUAL SEBAGAI SALAH SATU UPAYA PROGRAM PENJANGKAUAN KEARSIPAN OLEH ARSIP UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

Archives have a broad role for organizations. That is why it needs to be published. Archive publication is an effort to reach the public. Virtual exhibitions is one of the outreach efforts that can be done during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze one of the archival outreach programs at the Gadjah Mada University Archives. Some things that are analyzed are the process of virtual exhibition activities, contents, and the factors that influence the visit to the official UGM Archives page. Through a case study approach, this study seeks to describe some things analyzed. The results showed that the virtual exhibition process was carried out systematically and continuously, content coverage is quite diverse, and the factors that influence a visit to the official UGM Archives page can be identified.

Collecting COVID at the California State University: Shared Approaches, Divergent Implementations

COVID-19 is a paradigm-shattering development which will have far-ranging effects, many still unforeseen and unanticipated. Community collecting initiatives provide insight and local-level perspectives to momentous events. Examined with other institutions’ holdings, these collecting initiatives illustrate larger trends and allow for a comparative look at reflections and reactions toward historic happenings like the ongoing pandemic. When the virus first spread, rapid-response collection was at the foremost thoughts of many California State University (CSU) archivists. Thankfully, the CSU’s 23 campuses have a robust community of archival practice, called the CSU Archives and Archivists Roundtable (CSUAAR). CSU archivists engaged each other promptly by conversing, collaborating, supporting, and sharing. We will discuss the community of practice at the CSU, highlight how the CSUAAR facilitated projects and developed some shared approaches to collecting efforts, and illustrate three different rapid-response collecting projects developed at the university level (CSU Bakersfield, CSU Northridge, and CSU San Marcos).

加藤 諭『大学アーカイブズの成立と展開―公文書管理と国立大学―』

加藤 諭『大学アーカイブズの成立と展開―公文書管理と国立大学―』

Psychological operationisms at Harvard: Skinner, Boring, and Stevens.

Contemporary discussions about operational definition often hark back to Stanley S. Stevens' classic papers on psychological operationism. Still, he was far from the only psychologist to call for conceptual hygiene. Some of Stevens' direct colleagues at Harvard—most notably B. F. Skinner and E. G. Boring—were also actively applying Bridgman's conceptual strictures to the study of mind and behavior. In this paper, I shed new light on the history of operationism by reconstructing the Harvard debates about operational definition in the years before Stevens published his seminal articles. Building on a large set of archival evidence from the Harvard University Archives, I argue that we can get a more complete understanding of Stevens' contributions if we better grasp the operationisms of his former teachers and direct colleagues at Harvard's Department of Philosophy and Psychology.

Clinicopathological assessment in orchiectomy materials

Aim: Orchiectomy indicates excising the testicles unilaterally or bilaterally. The causes of excision include primary etiologies such as torsion/infarction, infection, malignancy, cryptorchidism, and therapeutic castration secondary to prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of patients undergoing orchiectomy and obtain regional data. Methods: In this study, 316 orchiectomy specimen reports, stored in the archive of University of Health Science Turkey, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Laboratory between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Histopathological diagnoses, right-left testicular localization, age range of patients and orchiectomy indication data were analyzed. Results: While the ages of 316 patients included in the study ranged from 1 to 88 years, the mean age was 26 years. Among the orchiectomy materials, undescended testis was the most common cause with 129 (40.8%) cases. Three hundred (94.9%) cases underwent unilateral and 16 (5.1%) cases underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Orchiectomy was performed in 58 cases aged between 14-68 years (mean age: 33 years), with a pre-diagnosis of a mass. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.4 cm to 16 cm. The average tumor size was 5.1 cm. Histopathologically, 51 (87.9%) cases were diagnosed with germ cell tumor. The most common diagnosis among germ cell tumors was classical seminomas (n=23 (45.1%)). Conclusion: Testicular orchiectomy surgery can be performed at any age depending on many different indications. Diagnoses vary from benign to malignant. Multiple sampling should be done to show the presence of GCNIS, which was highlighted in the last WHO 2016 classification, in testicular tumors, especially when diagnosing malignancy. Factors determining the prognosis such as lymphovascular invasion, rete testis invasion, and tumor size must be specified in the report.

Evaluation and Analysis of Online Public Relation Activities in University Archives: Focusing on the Websites

Evaluation and Analysis of Online Public Relation Activities in University Archives: Focusing on the Websites

Rebels, groundbreakers and trailblazers: the first ladies of surgery

This article explores the barriers preventing women from entering the surgical profession in the 19th century and the ingenious ways in which women overcame them. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson is known as the first woman in Britain to qualify as a doctor. What is less well known is that she also waged a 45-year battle with The Royal College of Surgeons of England over the admission of women to surgical examinations, which is documented in the College archive. The history of women's entry into the surgical profession.

Responsibilities of archivist now and in the future as the result of COVID – 19; Case of ICA-SUV

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the strategies for the preservation of archival materials in the International Council on Archives Section on University and Research Institution Archives (ICA SUV) by the members and to make recommendations for the digital archival preservation to continue its accessibility during the national lockdown because of COVID–19.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on the survey conducted on the ICA SUV members during the national lockdown. The study used a survey research methodology through e-mails as data collection instruments.FindingsThe key findings revealed that most of the sections on university and research institution archives lack digitization preservation strategies and most of their records are not accessible online, as most of their collections are still preserved manually through the paper-based system; furthermore, archivists are not fully trained on digital management. The paper recommends universities to develop preservation strategies to migrate records from the paper-based system to electronic records management system.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of the study comprised ICA SUV members, who responded to the survey. Therefore, the sample size and geographical spread were inadequate for generalization of the findings. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that accessibility of the archives was dependent on the quality of digitized archives.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates that the development of a preservation strategy enhances access to archival materials during the national lockdown because of COVID–19.Social implicationsThis paper highlights the plight of university archives and reiterates the need for urgent digitization of their archives of universities all over the world.Originality/valueTo the best of author’s knowledge, this paper appears to be the first to review the responsibilities of archivists now and in the future as the result of COVID–19. This study is confirmed to be on the positive side of COVID–19 and change the archive sector by adapting to information communication technology.

All in the Family: Cataloging the Alice Hoffman Collection

ABSTRACT The acquisition and cataloging of the Alice Hoffman Collection at University Archives and Special Collections (UASC) of the Adelphi University Libraries allowed for a successful collaboration between the Catalog and Metadata Strategies Department and UASC, and a novel approach to the methodology of applying metadata when cataloging a unified bibliographic family. This case study provides detailed steps taken in cataloging the novels, foreign language translations, and special editions of the Alice Hoffman Collection, both from the standpoint of the creation of workflows and a working team, the creation of RDA MARC 21 bibliographic records informed by the theory of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), its Work-Expression-Manifestation-Item (WEMI) model, and the bibliographic relationships inherent in a unified bibliographic family. As an exercise in practical cataloging, this article provides ideas and a roadmap to cataloging successfully a unique collection of titles for the purposes of ease of cataloging, the collocation of resources, and the benefit of the end-user or researcher.

Emulation encounters: Software preservation in libraries, archives, and museums

AbstractThis paper reports on early findings of research in 2019 following three small teams of information professionals as they implemented emulation strategies into their day‐to‐day work at a museum, a university research library, and a university research archive and technology lab. Findings are reported from workplace observations and semi‐structured interviews with preservationists (N = 25) as they implement software emulation programs in cultural heritage institutions that collect and preserve software for access. Results suggest that the distributed teams in this cohort of preservationists have developed different emulation practices for particular kinds of “emulation encounters” in supporting different types of use and users. I discuss the implications of these findings for digital preservation research and emulation initiatives providing access to software or software‐dependent objects, showing how implications of these findings have significance for those developing software preservation workflows and building emulation capacities. This article suggests that there are different emulation practices for preservation, research access, and exhibition undertaken by preservationists in libraries, archives, and museums; and in examining particular visions of access these findings call into question software emulation as a single, static preservation strategy for cultural heritage institutions.

Research on Information Resource Sharing Mode in University Archives Management Based on Network Cloud Platform

With the continuous development of society and the arrival of information age, the mode of information resource sharing in university archives management has become the mainstream trend of development. This paper first introduces the related theoretical concepts of archives information resource management and information resource sharing based on the network cloud platform, then analyses the importance of information resource sharing in the process of archives information management in colleges and universities, and finally gives the strategies of constructing the mode of information resource sharing in archives management in colleges and universities.

“Eliminating the drudge work”: Campaigning for university-based nursing education in Australia, 1920-1935

At his death in 1945, Sir James William Barrett, a medical doctor in the state of Victoria left a bequest to the University of Melbourne, his alma mater. Barrett’s entire professional life was conducted at the University. According to his will, Barrett had been so influenced by his experiences of American universities which offered education in nursing that he directed a sum of money to the University of Melbourne for the foundation and/or development of a School of Nursing. The background to Barrett’s bequest is a complex episode in Australian nursing education history that has received little attention. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Barrett was a central actor in plans to develop a Diploma of Nursing to be conducted at the University of Melbourne. After ten years of sometimes vitriolic debate over the idea, defeat was snatched from the jaws of victory as support for the scheme fractured. This paper addresses the circumstances of the failed diploma program in Victoria. I account for its genesis, its rise, ultimate fall, and its legacy by examining the context for Barrett’s promotion of university-based education, identifying advocates and opponents of the diploma scheme, and assessing their respective motivations. Primary sources accessed include: records of nursing professional organisations in Australia and elsewhere, university and other institutional archives in Australia and the United States of America, newspapers, and papers of private individuals. A fresh analysis of this period demonstrates how Australian models compared with international schemes in the 1920s and 1930s, and reflects the challenges in developing nursing education. It underscores fundamental tensions over the essence of education in Australian nursing and highlights issues that remain perennial and helps to understand why the transfer of pre-registration nursing and midwifery in Australia from apprenticeship models to the higher education sector was so contested. Résumé À sa mort en 1945, Sir James William Barret, un médecin de l’État de Victoria, a laissé un héritage à la University of Melbourne, son alma mater. La totalité de sa vie professionnelle s’est déroulée à l’université. Selon son testament, Barrett a été tellement influencé par ses expériences dans les universités américaines qui offraient une formation en sciences infirmières qu’il a laissé une somme d’argent à la University of Melbourne pour la création et/ou le développement d’une école de sciences infirmières. Le contexte de son héritage est une période complexe peu connue de l’histoire de la formation en sciences infirmières en

Preservation and Access for Born-digital Electronic Records: The Case for an Institutional Digital Content Format Registry

ABSTRACT Since 2014, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library has taken custody of a growing number of collections of “born-digital” records, largely through the University Archives. These collections comprise a panoply of digital content formats, ranging from those in common use to obscure varieties from the early days of personal computing. As such, they pose a challenge to digital preservation and access. Knowing what software to use to open files in formats that have fallen out of use is often difficult, let alone installing obsolete software on contemporary operating systems. At the same time, the sheer bulk of collections, as well as an accelerating rate of born-digital accessions from faculty and campus offices, makes it difficult to assess these files at the time of acquisition. These challenges suggest the need for preservation policies on digital formats in collections of electronic records, as well as for firsthand knowledge of the software required to facilitate curator control over and patron access to these collections. This article presents an overview of an evolving approach taken by archivists and librarians at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to build the policies, technical knowledge, and systems for an effective preservation and access program for electronic records. Their implementation of a local digital content format registry, while young, suggests that archivists and digital preservationists would benefit from further development of tools and practices focused on born-digital formats, and the thoughtful integration of institutional knowledge with international format registries.

Going against the archival grain: case studies of pop culture archives of a music scene, regional zines, and local beer

ABSTRACT Popular culture collecting in academic special collections and archives is sometimes still viewed within the institution as a challenge to traditional collection development, which has tended to emphasize the mainstream and enshrine privilege and power. This is especially the case when the cultures and media emphasized in such collecting might be categorized as being counter-cultural, DIY (‘do-it-yourself’), or somehow ‘other.’ This article consists of three case studies that emphasize recently developed popular culture-based collections at Rutgers University’s Special Collections and University Archives that focus on voices and communities outside archival norms of collecting: the New Brunswick Music Scene Archive, the New Jersey Regional Zine Collection, and the New Jersey Beer Collection. An emphasis on how faculty and staff have developed these collections by working with participants and creators outside mainstream popular culture leads to examples of how faculty and staff have engaged in outreach, particularly among students. Woven throughout are examples of challenges faculty and staff have faced around institutional acceptance, inclusivity, and cultural sensitivities along with work to overcome the challenges. The article concludes by considering future popular culture collection-building endeavours and engagement among students and community members.

NBU Center for the Book, Virtually

The text presents the digital activities of the New Bulgarian University (NBU) Center for the Book during the time of pandemic, declared state of emergency and the closure of the university. The publication covers the work of the Publishing House, the Library, the University Archives and the Readers’ Club. In the period of isolation, the NBU Publishing House published new books in various fields and presented them via Facebook due to the impossibility to hold live meetings in the bookstore of the Center. During this period, the NBU Library (which is a combination of traditional and electronic resources and services) supported online learning through remote services. The University Archive presented virtually the personal archives of Prof. Milcho Leviev and Prof. Miroslav Yanakiev. The NBU Readers’ Club maintained its interest in reading by publishing video reviews of books selected before the pandemic, as Arthur Haley’s Airport, Svetlana Aleksievich’s Chernobyl Prayer, and Olga Tokarchuk’s Flights.

The Laurentian University Library and Archives and the Covid-19 pandemic

The University Librarian at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, describes the experience and actions of the Laurentian University Library and Archives in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic over the spring and summer of 2020. The sudden shutdown of the university campus in March 2020 entailed financial strains that had direct consequences for library management, affecting operations, collection access and staffing. The shutdown itself was an extreme disruption to the provision of library and archival services. The pandemic and the campus shutdown were experienced as disorienting and stressful for library employees, although work continued as well as possible. Over the course of the summer, a kerbside pickup and scanning service was launched, a HathiTrust membership was sought, on-site archival work was restarted and plans were prepared for opening library space for study.