Universities Of Wisconsin Research Articles

Tar Spot: a New Fungus Amongus

AbstractTar spot fungus is a new reason to stay on your corn‐scouting toes, especially if you’re in the central Corn Belt. It was first found in northern Illinois and Indiana in 2015 before spreading to 12 other states and one Canadian province. Corn yield losses range from 20 to 60 bu/ac, and tar spot can also trigger complications such as lodging. The article will tell you what to look for as well as provide prevention and management tips. Information herein comes from members of The Crop Protection Network, a collaboration of 35 U.S. and Canadian plant pathologists. Special thanks to Michigan State University, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Purdue University, and the Universities of Kentucky, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin–Madison. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3H4KX1x. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.

Review: Art Deco Chicago: Designing Modern America

Review: <i>Art Deco Chicago: Designing Modern America</i>

External Validation and Comparison of Clostridioides difficile Severity Scoring Systems.

Many models have been developed to predict severe outcomes from Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). These models are usually developed at a single institution and largely are not externally validated. Our aim in this study was to validate previously published risk scores in a multicenter cohort of patients with CDI. This was a retrospective study on 4 inpatient cohorts with CDI from 3 distinct sites: the universities of Michigan (2010-2012 and 2016), Chicago (2012), and Wisconsin (2012). The primary composite outcome was admission to an intensive care unit, colectomy, and/or death attributed to CDI within 30 days of positive testing. Both within each cohort and combined across all cohorts, published CDI severity scores were assessed and compared to each other and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline definitions of severe and fulminant CDI. A total of 3646 patients were included for analysis. Including the 2 IDSA guideline definitions, 14 scores were assessed. Performance of scores varied within each cohort and in the combined set (mean area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AuROC], 0.61; range, 0.53-0.66). Only half of the scores had performance at or better than IDSA severe and fulminant definitions (AuROCs of 0.64 and 0.63, respectively). Most of the scoring systems had more false than true positives in the combined set (mean, 81.5%; range, 0%-91.5%). No published CDI severity score showed stable, good predictive ability for adverse outcomes across multiple cohorts/institutions or in a combined multicenter cohort.

2409. External Validation and Comparison of Clostridioides difficile Severity Scoring Systems

BackgroundAnnually in the US alone, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) afflicts nearly 500,000 patients causing 29,000 deaths. Since early and aggressive interventions could save lives but are not optimally deployed in all patients, numerous studies have published predictive models for adverse outcomes. These models are usually developed at a single institution, and largely are not externally validated. This aim of this study was to validate the predictability for severe CDI with previously published risk scores in a multicenter cohort of patients with CDI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on four separate inpatient cohorts with CDI from three distinct sites: the Universities of Michigan (2010–2012 and 2016), Chicago (2012), and Wisconsin (2012). The primary composite outcome was admission to an intensive care unit, colectomy, and/or death attributed to CDI within 30 days of positive test. Structured query and manual chart review abstracted data from the medical record at each site. Published CDI severity scores were assessed and compared with each other and the IDSA guideline definition of severe CDI. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AuROC), precision-recall curves, and net reclassification index (NRI) were calculated to compare models.ResultsWe included 3,775 patients from the four cohorts (Table 1) and evaluated eight severity scores (Table 2). The IDSA (baseline comparator) model showed poor performance across cohorts(Table 3). Of the binary classification models, including those that were most predictive of the primary composite outcome, Jardin, performed poorly with minimal to no NRI improvement compared with IDSA. The continuous score models, Toro and ATLAS, performed better, but the AuROC varied by site by up to 17% (Table 3). The Gujja model varied the most: from most predictive in the University of Michigan 2010–2012 cohort to having no predictive value in the 2016 cohort (Table 3).ConclusionNo published CDI severity score showed stable, acceptable predictive ability across multiple cohorts/institutions. To maximize performance and clinical utility, future efforts should focus on a multicenter-derived and validated scoring system, and/or incorporate novel biomarkers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The University Archive: Early Motion Picture Collecting in the United States and the Efforts to Develop the National Film Negative Library

The University ArchiveEarly Motion Picture Collecting in the United States and the Efforts to Develop the National Film Negative Library Alexander Kupfer (bio) Well before the National Archives or Library of Congress began collecting motion pictures, a December 1910 article in the Olean [N.Y.] Evening Times proposed that famed itinerant lecturer and exhibitor Lyman H. Howe establish a National Film Library. The author was impressed by the positive press and enthusiastic public reception to Howe’s moving pictures of the funeral of England’s King Edward. The Evening Times’s suggestion to create a film library was also an attempt to legitimate Howe’s pictures as important historical documents worthy of long-term safekeeping. The author proclaimed, “Think of what it would be if we could see the funeral of Julius Caesar, a gladiatorial contest, the maneuvers of the Spanish Armada, the street life of ancient Athens or even a simple Babylonian or Egyptian walking to his business.”1 [End Page 1] Howe never established a motion picture library. However, throughout the 1910s, the idea of forming a collection of significant American films was still frequently raised. Perhaps recognizing the magnitude of this mission, film industry leaders often sought to involve the federal government in the efforts to save early movies. In a widely reprinted interview in 1919, Thomas Edison suggested that the government build a library of educational and industrial motion pictures in Washington, D.C., to provide access to “all institutions in the United States, even to the most rural schoolhouses.”2 Industry support for a film library continued with Will Hays, head of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDA). Shortly after he was hired in 1922, Hays began lobbying for a government-funded archive of motion pictures produced by Hollywood studios. Hays discussed with Presidents Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover plans to construct a nitrate vault in the basement of the White House to preserve historically important movies of “national cultural value.”3 Will Hays’s lobbying efforts have been singled out by historians of the film preservation movement in the United States as illustrative of the first wave of efforts to create a federal motion picture collection through an appeal to nationalistic discourse. Individuals outside the film industry were likewise interested in forming a national collection of American motion pictures. Scholars interested in the early history of film preservation have particularly focused on the efforts of the federal government. As a result, Janna Jones explains, the history of archiving has been primarily defined by the efforts of the National Archives and the Library of Congress to build a national film library for the purpose of enhancing the reputation of the United States at home and abroad.4 This focus on the federal government’s role in film preservation has meant that the history and importance of university collections of educational, industrial, and sponsored motion pictures have been largely overlooked. Film collections in universities preceded these other archives by decades, as numerous colleges started acquiring motion pictures in the 1910s. The largest collections, both in terms of number of reels of film and audience size, were operated by university extension divisions that established visual instruction programs to distribute educational films and media to schools and off-campus groups. The circulating libraries at institutions including the Universities of Indiana, Wisconsin, California, and Texas were headed by largely unknown administrators who were not archivists or cinephiles but rather valued cinema for its utility as an educational tool. Although contemporary scholars, particularly ones interested in the history of educational and nontheatrical cinema, have explored cinema’s incorporation in university curricula beginning in the mid-1910s, the importance of these early [End Page 2] collections to the history of motion picture preservation in the United States requires further exploration. University film collections offer an alternative site from which to consider the origins of motion picture preservation. In 1920, two years before Hays was hired by the MPPDA, administrators of visual instruction programs proposed the establishment of a National Film Negative Library (NFNL) in Washington, D.C. They sought to connect the goals of long-term film preservation to the more established project of visual education. The library...

МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США

This paper presents the experience of American universities concerning modern changes in higher medical education; highlights the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for learning as well as teaching purposes at medical schools. It was revealed that the most significant share of the research in the scope of ICTs usage in medical education is associated with the activity of Harvard, Washington, New York and Michigan schools of medicine. The universities of Ohayo, Illinois, Massachusetts and Wisconsin have also made important contributions into the history of computerization. All US medical schools have the leading positions in ICTs implementation with the core patient-centered approach.System of the US medical education is characterized by the long-term tradition of innovative development and implementation. The period of medical education is one of the longest in the world. It is directed on training competent and competitive health care specialists. The US government encourages modernization in medical schools. Thus, it aids creation of different institutions and associations aimed at innovative changes in higher medical education, facilitation of teaching and learning adaptation.The ICTs implemented for medical training include all available sources of electronic learning, mobile learning and telemedicine, virtual patients (mannequins, computerized models of medical encounters), social media. In order to facilitate innovations American medical schools take measures including provision of the access to electronic learning materials and computerized learning tools; integration of real electronic learning tools into the process of study; encouraging university teachers to develop and evaluate virtual reality tools; designing of national protocols for proper implementation and evaluation of virtual reality tools; creation of the councils reviewing of this problem; usage of the computerized programs of medical encounters to optimize the professional clinical and communicative training of the future physicians.The USA has shown the considerable progress in this direction compared to other countries. The scientists have been continuously investigating the problem of ICT implementation and its prognostic aspects. New technologies are known to improve the learning process on condition that pedagogic technologies and teaching methods are changed.

Rainer Walter Guillery. 28 August 1929—7 April 2017

Rainer (Ray) Guillery was a remarkably productive neuroscientist and as such left an indelible mark on the field, both in terms of his direct contributions and also through his success at mentoring and nurturing young scholars who went on to successful careers of their own. Ray's work profoundly advanced our understanding of the related fields of development and thalamocortical functioning; his work was highly imaginative and insightful; and he was a cherished colleague and role model for his many former students and friends in the field. Ray's scholarly efforts were carried out on three continents. He trained initially in London and, after serving on the faculties at the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago in the United States, he returned to England at the University of Oxford. After retiring from his Oxford post, he went back as a visiting scholar to the University of Wisconsin, and then moved to a post at the University of Marmara in Turkey, which is located in the Asian sector of Istanbul. He finally returned to Oxford in an emeritus capacity and remained there until his death.

Economics of population versus economic demography

The article specifies the correlation between economic demography and the economy of population as the most important scientific areas of modern research. It is concluded that the Russian scientific community lags in the development of these sciences from the world scientific thought. Special attention is paid to the works and ideas of S. Kuznets and Amartya Sen as outstanding researchers of the interrelationships between the population and the economy. It is emphasized that their contribution was not only theoretical but also of practical importance. The importance of G. Myrdal’s works for modern studies of the consequences of population aging is considered. The article examines foreign training courses on “Population Economics”, presented at the Universities of Wisconsin and McMaster, their analysis led to the conclusion that the preparation of textbooks on courses is less productive than the use of scientific articles in journals, containing more recent ideas and achievements of science. The author considers the system, proposed in the course Michel Grignon and Byron G. Spencer «The Economics of Population» more preferable. The article substantiates the opinion that the economic theory of well-being should be the core of the population economy. It is concluded that the differences between economic demography and the economy of population are not just differences between the micro- and macro levels, as some authors write, but the transition to large scales and entropy. The author identifies three most important areas of demo-economic research, which include research in the field of human capital, international economic migration, especially remittance, analysis of the stratification of the population and society by the income in the global and national economies. One can single out the general area of interests of the population economy and economic demography in which these sciences are almost impossible to divide and in which only their joint research is effective: the economy of aging and the economy of generations.

The study of genetic syndromes in a rural setting.

The syndromal and genetic biology reported and reviewed herein can be studied, analyzed and reported by any "GP" with the required gifts, enthusiasm, drive, and ability to work with collaborators of goodwill at University centers near or far; and most importantly, to continue lifelong education and retraining. Beginning individually in rural Boulder, MT in 1947 it was possible to train in phenotype analysis with methods available to any GP, somewhat later to enlist collaborators at the Universities of Wisconsin and Washington, and finally to establish a genetic services program at a regional medical center (Shodair Children's Hospital in Helena) with fiscal support from the State Legislature amending and extending the prior Newborn Screening Act of Montana. With such financial stability it was possible to attract another physician, genetic counselors and a cytogeneticist to the Shodair Program. This genetic center now has expanded to a staff of 22 with advanced capabilities in cytogenetics, biochemistry and molecular biology (q.v. Elias in this issue). In these past 50 years then I have seen the Montana Genetics Program grow from humble rural beginnings to the amazing center it is now providing statewide outreach services, genetic education and the most advanced diagnostics and research. Now, it may not be inappropriate for me to recommend the Montana model for implementation in other genetically underserved regions throughout the United States.

The gem5 simulator

The gem5 simulation infrastructure is the merger of the best aspects of the M5 [4] and GEMS [9] simulators. M5 provides a highly configurable simulation framework, multiple ISAs, and diverse CPU models. GEMS complements these features with a detailed and exible memory system, including support for multiple cache coherence protocols and interconnect models. Currently, gem5 supports most commercial ISAs (ARM, ALPHA, MIPS, Power, SPARC, and x86), including booting Linux on three of them (ARM, ALPHA, and x86). The project is the result of the combined efforts of many academic and industrial institutions, including AMD, ARM, HP, MIPS, Princeton, MIT, and the Universities of Michigan, Texas, and Wisconsin. Over the past ten years, M5 and GEMS have been used in hundreds of publications and have been downloaded tens of thousands of times. The high level of collaboration on the gem5 project, combined with the previous success of the component parts and a liberal BSD-like license, make gem5 a valuable full-system simulation tool.

Development of Anatomically Realistic Numerical Breast Phantoms With Accurate Dielectric Properties for Modeling Microwave Interactions With the Human Breast

Computational electromagnetics models of microwave interactions with the human breast serve as an invaluable tool for exploring the feasibility of new technologies and improving design concepts related to microwave breast cancer detection and treatment. In this paper, we report the development of a collection of anatomically realistic 3-D numerical breast phantoms of varying shape, size, and radiographic density which can readily be used in finite-difference time-domain computational electromagnetics models. The phantoms are derived from T1-weighted MRIs of prone patients. Each MRI is transformed into a uniform grid of dielectric properties using several steps. First, the structure of each phantom is identified by applying image processing techniques to the MRI. Next, the voxel intensities of the MRI are converted to frequency-dependent and tissue-dependent dielectric properties of normal breast tissues via a piecewise-linear map. The dielectric properties of normal breast tissue are taken from the recently completed large-scale experimental study of normal breast tissue dielectric properties conducted by the Universities of Wisconsin and Calgary. The comprehensive collection of numerical phantoms is made available to the scientific community through an online repository.

Journalism Education in Ireland

The start of journalism education in Ireland is generally dated from the 1960s with the setting up of the journalism course in the College of Commerce, Rathmines. However, there were some earlier initiatives in the first decade of the 20th century. A series of lectures was organised by the Institute of Journalists in Trinity College Dublin in 1908-9 (Hunter, 1982; Institute of Journalists, 1909) and journalism is said to have become a degree subject in Queens College/University College Cork around the same time (Stephenson and Mory, 1990; Murphy, 1995). These efforts appear to have rapidly faded. They coincide with similar initiatives in Britain which were also unsuccessful, in contrast to the United States, where journalism education was developed in several locations such as the universities of Missouri, Wisconsin and Columbia University, New York, which to this day, remain strong providers in the field.

Thanks to the US Coast Guard

1. Message for friends As we were setting up this Tribute, people asked where would you prefer that we donate money, to honor Jim. To answer that, there are five entities listed below. Three of them will be familiar to you: endowments that Jim & Donna set up some time ago at the Universities of Berkeley, Washington and Wisconsin. Jim was an enthusiastic supporter of those universities, and a passionate advocate of supporting students and research, so it would be very good if people would like to contribute to those endowments.

The Integrative Family Medicine Program: An Innovation in Residency Education

The Integrative Family Medicine (IFM) Program is a four-year combined family medicine residency program and integrative medicine fellowship. It was created in 2003 to address the needs of four constituencies: patients who desire care from well trained integrative physicians, physicians who seek such training, the health care system which lacks a conventional integrative medicine training route, and educational leaders in family medicine who are seeking new strategies to reverse the declining interest in family medicine amongst U.S. graduates. The program was designed jointly by the University of Arizona Program in Integrative Medicine (PIM) and family medicine residency programs at Beth Israel/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Maine Medical Center, Middlesex Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, and the Universities of Arizona and Wisconsin. One or two residents from each of these institutions may apply, and when selected, commit to extending their training by a fourth year. They complete their family medicine residencies at their home sites, enroll in the distributed learning associate fellowship at PIM, and are mentored by local faculty members who have training in integrative medicine. To date three classes totaling twenty residents have entered the program. Evaluation is performed jointly: PIM evaluates the residents during residential weeks and through online modules and residency faculty members perform direct observation of care and review treatment plans. Preliminary data suggest that the program enhances interest amongst graduating medical students in family medicine training. The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education Family Medicine residency review committee has awarded the pilot experimental status.

Cross-validation of the NCAA method to predict body fat for minimum weight in collegiate wrestlers.

In 1998, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted a new rule that required minimum weight testing for collegiate wrestlers. The objective of the study was to cross-validate the method used by the NCAA to estimate minimum weight in collegiate wrestlers. The NCAA skinfold equation was cross-validated against a criterion value from hydrostatic weighing (HW). SETTING The subjects were tested at the Universities of Wisconsin and Iowa. A sample of 93 college wrestlers from the Universities of Wisconsin and Iowa (mean +/- SD; age = 20.20 +/- 1.67 years, height = 171.98 +/- 6.63 cm, weight = 74.44 +/- 11.48 kg) were studied. Cross-validation included analysis of the standard error of estimate (SEE), total error (TE), and residual plots. The mean body fat from the NCAA prediction (10.61 +/- 3.58%) was not significantly different than HW (9.70 +/- 3.95%). The SEE was low (2.32%), and the TE was low (2.49%). The difference in methods was related to the size of the HW value. The residual plot (y = -0.26x + 3.45, R(2) = 0.198) suggests that fat is overestimated in the leaner wrestlers and underestimated in fatter wrestlers. The authors found the NCAA method to be a valid predictor of body fat in this sample of 93 collegiate wrestlers under the conditions of the study. Although some bias was seen across the range of fatness, these data support the NCAA method to estimate body fat in college wrestlers for establishment of minimum weight.

A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography

The academic discipline of cartography is a twentieth-century phenomenon. From its incipient roots in landscape representation in geology and the mapping of socio-economic data in geography, it grew into its own sub-discipline with graduate programs, research paradigms, and a scientific literature of its own. It came close to establishing a national center for cartography In the late 1960s. After rather sporadic activity before World War II, the period from 1946 to 1986 saw the building of major graduate programs at the universities of Wisconsin, Kansas, and Washington. Other programs were created, often with the doctoral students from those three. At the end of the twentieth century, cartography underwent significant changes in relation to the emerging discipline of geographic information science. The future for academic cartography is less certain, as graduate programs adjust the balances among the many components of mapping science, including cartography, geovisualization, GI science, GIS systems, spatial analysis/statistics, and remote sensing.

CROSS-VALIDATION OF SKINFOLD PREDICTION EQUATIONS IN COLLEGE WRESTLERS

937 In preparation for mandatory minimal weight testing by the NCAA, this study cross-validated five skinfold prediction equations for body fat (%FAT) in collegiate wrestlers. Previous research suggested a modified Lohman equation was the best predictor in high school age wrestlers (Clark et. al, 1993, Thorland et. al, 1991) and is currently used to predict body fat and minimal weight in more than 50,000 WI, MI and NY high school wrestlers annually. Equations used in wrestlers (Lohman, Katch and Oppliger) were compared to a criterion value from hydrostatic weighing (HW) with residual volume via O2 dilution. Subjects were college wrestlers from the Universities of Wisconsin and Iowa (mean±SD; n= 93, age=20.20±1.67 yr, ht=171.98±6.63cm, wt=74.44±11.48kg, BMI=25.04±2.56). Mean %FAT values, constant error (CE) correlation (r), standard error of the estimate (SEE) and prediction error (PE) are shown: (Table)TableRepeated measures ANOVA with Tukey follow-up test indicated no significant difference (@p<0.05) between the criterion and predictions, with the CE, SEE and PE suggesting that minimal wrestling weight (body weight at 5% fat) can be estimated by skinfolds. These data suggest the best predictions came from the equations Lohman I and Oppliger. We recommend further research on samples from outside the Midwest to further cross-validate skinfold prediction equations on collegiate wrestlers.

Witnessing the Last Days: a Review Article

Early Quakers in 1650s wrote voluminously, and have been examined exhaustively, by Friends within and rebels against Quaker establishment, by Mennonites, by mystics, by British social historians led by Marxist Christopher Hill and Barry Reay, and also by Richard Bauman, an expert on speech and Quaker silence. A new perspective has been opened by scholars of English literature, who look in detail at what early Friends wrote and meant, rather than simply decoding Quaker texts into symbols of social conflict or mystical states. Without undue dependence on earlier studies of radical puritans and Friends by Geoffrey Nuttall, and the Lamb's perspective developed by T. Canby Jones, Douglas Gwyn, and me, new writers explore most of same early Quaker writings we assembled or cited. They deal responsibly with questions that Richard Bailey raises about Fox (and others did about Nayler) who called themselves reincarnations of Christ, by extending their critical search into all early Friends' trust in Spirit's guidance, and thus into implications of Quaker perfectionism and ethic of inner leading that scholars call antinomian. Friends avoid careful thought about this ethic: Kenneth Henke, a star student at ESR, tried in vain to systematize it for a thesis at Princeton. Corns and Loewenstein have each written on radical religion and politics in English Commonwealth. They do not explain how, from Universities of Wales and Wisconsin, they drew out their collection of essays by other scholars mostly new to early if not to early Friends' world of thought. (Most have worked on Milton, Winstanley, or Puritan women.) Kate Peters' survey of Patterns of Quaker Literature, placed as an introduction, rightly criticizes too tight classifications of genres or topics. She notices letters as well as early Quaker processes for supervising printing and distribution of tracts. She stresses leaders' discipline of doctrine, and denies Quaker writers' personal involvement in a cosmic struggle. But Lowenstein's own essay, The War of Lamb: George Fox and Apocalyptic Discourse of Revolutionary Quakerism

In Memoriam: George F. Jenks (1916-1996)

It seems ironic to report on the passing of Professor George F. Jenks just months after the death of his colleague and close friend, John Sherman, the University of Washington cartographer. John and George were born within three months of each other (May 3rd and July 16th, 1916, respectively), received their doctoral degrees in 1947 (Sherman) and 1950 (Jenks), retired in the same year (1986), and died in 1996. Their friendship dated back to the early 1950s. John taught cartography at the University of Kansas in the summer of 1956, where the two interacted on problems in modern cartography curricula. Later, George spent the summers of 1963 and 1966 in residence at the University of Washington. This essay summarizes the accomplishments of George Jenks, leaving others to report on the professional career of John Sherman. George Frederick Jenks was born in Oneonta, New York, and was raised both in the Oneonta area and in Erie, Pennsylvania. He completed his B.S. in Education from the State Teachers College, Albany, in 1941; the same year he joined the Army Air Corps, where he held the ranks from private to first lieutenant. It was his last assignment in the Air Corps--as an instructor in aerial navigation--that piqued his interest in geography. He decided to pursue graduate study in this field when he returned home from the war. On the recommendation of the President of Oneonta State Normal School, he enrolled in a graduate program in geography at Syracuse University, intent on pursuing his interest in agricultural geography. However, as he noted in Jenks (1991), his interest in cartography was quickly elevated with the arrival in the department of the renowned cartographer Richard Edes Harrison. Harrison commuted to Syracuse from New York City (where he was employed in the publishing business with Time, Life, and Fortune magazines) each week during 1946-47 to teach the cartography course. At that time, and especially at Syracuse, students did not write theses or dissertations on cartographic problems. George completed his thesis, The Adjustment of Railroad and Bus Passenger Transportation to Geographic Factors in New York State, in 1947. Shortly thereafter, on completing--also in 1947--a comprehensive examination for his doctoral degree, he accepted a position as an assistant professor in the Department of Rural Economics and Sociology at the University of Arkansas. It was Walter Kollmorgan who attracted George from Arkansas to the University of Kansas in 1949. With his doctoral dissertation (New Land Development in the Rice Economy of the Weiner Area, Arkansas) completed in 1950, George was promoted from instructor to assistant professor at becoming part of a four-person department that also included Walter Kollmorgan, Thomas Smith and A. W. Kuchler. Over the next 37 years, George guided the cartography program at Kansas into one of the three programs renowned for graduate education in the discipline; the other two were at the universities of Wisconsin and Washington. In his early years at George focused on developing courses, completing what was to become the first ever state atlas--the Kansas Atlas, published in 1952 and funded by the Kansas Economic Development Commission--and spending a year in travel to determine what material was necessary to design a modern cartography curriculum. George's interest in modern map production in these early years at Kansas was substantial. He was involved in a series of thematic cartography projects, producing the Look to the Future maps published in the Regional Market; six transportation maps, including Rail Freight Service in Kansas, published in Transportation; a series of maps for Industrial and Commercial Geography published by Henry Holt and Company; The Arab Today published in the Crescent in Crisis; and a series of four-color wall maps (with T. R. Smith)--Transportation Facilities of the World and Communication Facilities of the World--published by Denoyer-Geppert. …

Frederick A. Milan (1924-1995)

Frederick A. Milan died on 28 January 1995 after a series of strokes and related illness of several years. ... His activities around the polar regions of the world are well known and fondly remembered. Fred was Professor Emeritus of Human Ecology and Anthropology at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. ... His work as an assistant on the Harvard Peabody Museum Anthropological Expedition to the Aleutian Islands in 1949 heightened his interest in the Arctic. It also impressed upon him the utility of studying Russian for understanding the history of the region. Fred worked in the summers of 1950 and 1952 as an archaeological assistant at Deering and Kodiak, Alaska. He was a weather observer on the Juneau Icefield Research Project in the summer of 1951. His major scholastic interests were in anthropology and linguistics, and he graduated in 1952. In 1953 Fred began several years of association with the former United States Air Force Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory near Fairbanks. ... [In 1954] he and other Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory personnel participated in the Mount Wrangell Research Project, a high-latitude cosmic ray study. His role was as a collaborator in a study of high altitude acclimatization of the team members. ... Fred undertook graduate study at several institutions: the Universities of Oregon, Wisconsin and Copenhagen, and the London School of Economics. His linguistic skills became well developed, and he was especially interested in the Inuit language and culture. He spent one winter in northern Sweden traveling and living with a nomadic Sami family. Back in Alaska in 1956, he began his close association with the Inupiat Eskimo village of Wainwright, Alaska. His ability to speak the language enabled him to gain the villagers' confidence and elicit genealogical information, and endeared him to the people. These activities led eventually to successful completion of his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Wisconsin. ... In the 1960s Fred played an important role in establishing a worldwide study of northern people as part of the Human Adaptability section of the International Biological Program. ... He was a longtime advocate for multidisciplinary study of the needs for health care delivery and for the international exchange of information about circumpolar health problems and research efforts. In 1967 Fred, Dr. C. Earl Albrecht and colleagues in Alaska and other parts of the United States, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Greenland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics organized, with the support of the Arctic Institute of North America, the First International Symposium on Circumpolar Health. The symposium was held at Fairbanks in July 1967, and these meetings have continued at three-year intervals at various circumpolar locations. Fred was the president of the Sixth International Congress on Circumpolar Health held at Anchorage in 1984. ... During the 1970s and 1980s Fred was a faculty member at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. He was a much-respected teacher, and he was noted for conveying his enthusiasm for scholarly work and his respect for the people of anthropological study to students and colleagues. The Fred Milan we knew was a genuine free spirit--he looked at the world through eyes wide with perceptive curiosity and interpreted it with kindness and good humor. We have been made richer and wiser by sharing in some of his generous and stimulating life.