University Of Sydney Research Articles

Building capacity of young water professionals through action research and transdisciplinary approaches

AbstractWater management has become quite complex due to population pressure, climate change, and urbanization. Future young water professionals (YWPs) need to be capable of working with real‐world situations, and they need to be suitably trained so that they can effectively communicate with decision‐makers and enable innovative ideas to be adopted in policy development and actions on the ground. To get the ideas converted into actions, we need not only YWPs who are well‐trained in water science and engineering but also in social, economic, governance, policy, and other related aspects. This special issue is devoted to the India YWP training program, led by Western Sydney University and the Australia India Water Centre (AIWC), aimed at developing a cohort of skilled YWPs and nurturing the next generation of water leaders in support of India's water reform agenda and the National Water Mission. The program engaged 20 YWPs, consisting of equal gender representation, selected by the Ministry of Jal Shakti from various water management agencies and departments across India. In this special issue, there are six articles that cover the design and implementation of YWP training programs, the mentoring of YWPs within the training program, a reflection on transdisciplinary learning, and two example SUIPs. Together, these articles provide details on how to design and implement an innovative YWP training program, what works well and what can be done better, and what YWPs can get out of the program in terms of working on a client‐based, real‐world project. Overall, well‐designed transdisciplinary training can help YWPs bring new thinking and leadership to tackle future water challenges, including water governance, stakeholder involvement, critical thinking, problem analysis, and effective communication in various situations. Furthermore, such training can help YWPs develop their vision and capacity for more effective planning, design, implementation, and management of water projects and initiatives.

Using co-design to develop INTERCEPT, a mobile health (mHealth) App, for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Health Research Board, Ireland SOLVE CHD SYNERGY Grant, University of Sydney, Australia Background Co-design adopts a participatory, person-centred approach to the development of health interventions, which aims to maximise their acceptance and effectiveness. However, despite this many mobile applications are designed with little input from target end users, resulting in poor uptake and usage. Purpose The aim of our study was to optimize the evolution of the INTERCEPT (I-App) mHealth app by integrating target users’ (patients and healthcare professionals) perspectives into its design and development. Methods A core project team of health care professionals (nurse specialists, physicians, physiotherapists, dietitians, psychologists and a pharmacist), software developers and patients was established. A four phase iterative anrticipatory approach to the design process for I-App was adopted using online workshops conducted over a 12-month period. Phase one involved identification of the guiding principles, content and design features. In phase two, a working prototype of the I-App was developed and in phase three a beta version of this prototype was pilot tested among the project team and reviewed for clarity of language, ease of navigation and functionality. Phase four involved user acceptance testing of the I-App with patients who had a recent cardiac event (<2 years). Improvements in the usability of the app were assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), which was administered pre and post user acceptance testing. Results From target user insights and scientific literature five key design principles were identified: simplicity and ease of use; behavioural change through goal setting; self-monitoring and use of rewards; provision of credible information and data privacy. Medication adherence, psychosocial support and tracking physiologic parameters like blood pressure were considered important components. Usability testing of I-App resulted in 64 recommendations for the app and of these 51 were implemented. Significant improvements in SUS scores were observed from 61 to 82 (p<0.001) demonstrating the effectiveness of adopting a co-design apporach. Conclusion Using co-design methodology resulted in the INTERCEPT mHealth app responding to the end users’ needs and preferences including desired content and features. The next step in the development process is to trial the feasibility and usage of the I-App in the real-world clinical setting.

Who does what and why? Exploring the Music, Health and Wellbeing Continuum: a Role-Agent model

Confusion frequently exists around the various uses of music for health and wellbeing, and the roles of different agents using music for health benefits. This confusion is often based on a lack of definition and understanding of the many different applications and how they can fit together with training and experience. Our Music, Health and Wellbeing Continuum Model has been collaboratively developed at Western Sydney University, Australia, to incorporate the many uses of music for health benefits across a broad spectrum of roles, agents and applications. This ranges from environmental and personal through to community, health practitioners and qualified music therapists. This article outlines and identifies the many different roles within this Continuum, providing examples and evidence of how this conceptual framework can contribute to and support everyday practice around the uses of music and music therapy to improve health and wellbeing for clients and patients. We extend this into systematic feedback from Key Informants with discussions of applications and a further Annexe to delineate the potential multiple roles of each individual. Consequently, we propose that our entire Model contributes to increased understanding of the many roles and agents using music for health and wellbeing benefits in our community.

Frequency of Outcrossing and Isolation Distance in Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) constitute a partially outcrossing species requiring an isolation distance to maintain genetic purity when more than one variety is grown in field conditions. This information is crucial for seed growers and faba bean breeders. A study was conducted at the University of Sydney’s Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri, over two years to examine the extent of natural outcrossing using a creamy white flower characteristic as a morphological marker, which is controlled by a single recessive gene. The white-flowered genotype (IX225c) was grown in paired rows of 150 m length in four directions from a central 480 m2 plot of the normal flowered genotype PBA Warda. A beehive was placed in the central plot at the flowering time and natural pollination was allowed. At maturity, seed samples were taken from the white-flowered genotype at designated intervals along each axis and 100 seeds from each sample were grown in the glasshouse/birdcage to the 4–5 leaf stage and the proportion of plants displaying a stipule spot pigmentation (normal flower color and spotted stipule are linked) was used to determine the percentage of outcrossing. Maximum outcrossing of 2.28% occurred where both genotypes were grown side by side (0 m) and the degree of outcrossing decreased as the distance along each axis from the central plot increased. At a 6 m distance, the outcrossing was less than 1%; however, on occasion, it increased to 1% beyond a distance of 100 m, indicating the volatile and unpredictable nature of bee flights. Distance had a major effect on outcrossing but the direction and its interaction had no effect. The results suggest that to limit outcrossing to below 0.5%, a distance of more than 150 m between plots of different faba beans cultivars would be required. It also indicated that Australian faba bean genotypes are mostly self-fertile and a relatively narrow isolation distance will ensure self-fertilization in seed production and breeding programs.

Paul Bishop: the early years in Australia and Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Paul Bishop began his undergraduate studies in the School of Earth Sciences at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia at a time when plate tectonics had begun to revolutionize our understanding of landscape evolution. His doctoral research on the late Cenozoic evolution of the upper Lachlan Valley in the Eastern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, required an integrated study of the combined impacts of Cenozoic tectonism, vulcanism and erosion in this region. His research interest in erosion, tectonism and landscape evolution in a variety of global settings persisted until he retired. Another influence early in his undergraduate career was working with a team of archaeologists excavating prehistoric sites in the Ethiopian Rift Valley to unravel late Quaternary environments (including climate) in this tectonically and volcanically active region.

Training young water professionals in leadership and transdisciplinary competencies for sustainable water management in India

AbstractYoung water professionals (YWPs) have a critical role in ensuring how water resources will be managed to contribute towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To address the challenges of climate change, population growth, and urbanization, YWPs require leadership skills, transdisciplinary competencies, technical knowledge, and practical experience. This article presents the India YWP training program, led by Western Sydney University and the Australia India Water Centre (AIWC), aimed at developing a cohort of skilled YWPs and nurturing the next generation of water leaders in support of India's water reform agenda and the National Water Mission. The program engaged 20 YWPs, consisting of an equal gender representation, selected by the Ministry of Jal Shakti from various water management agencies and departments across India. The 11‐month training program was designed to be transformative and interactive, and it used an online platform comprising online lectures, mentoring, and project‐based learning facilitated by the AIWC team. The training methodology focused on engaged learning, incorporating online workshops, Situation Understanding and Improvement Projects (SUIPs), online group discussions, and mentoring. The SUIPs provided a platform for YWPs to work in pairs, receiving guidance from AIWC members, enabling them to develop practical skills and knowledge in real‐world contexts. The program effectively enhanced participants' capacities in project planning, design, implementation, and management, while fostering critical thinking and problem‐solving skills by adopting transdisciplinary approaches. Furthermore, participants demonstrated improved leadership, project management, time management, and communication skills. The training helped YWPs to equip them with a holistic perspective and stakeholder‐focused mindset to address diverse water challenges from a holistic and long‐term standpoint.

Editorial

CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Sany Izan Ihsan, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia MALAY TRANSLATOR Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Aishah Najiah Bt. Dahnel, IIUM, Malaysia Alya Naili Binti Rozhan, IIUM, Malaysia Norsinnira Bt. Zainul Azlan, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohd. Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shaik Dawood, IIUM, Malaysia Muhammad Ibn Ibrahimy, IIUM, Malaysia Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. Anwar, United States Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hany Ammar, United States Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States Syed Kamrul Islam, United States Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia. AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective. REFEREES’ NETWORK All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM Engineering Journal website at http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. The journal website could conduct further correspondence on the paper's status. Whilst the publisher and editorial board make every effort to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement. IIUM Engineering Journal ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Protocol: Can coronary artery calcium score identified on thoracic planning CT scans be used and actioned to identify cancer survivors at high risk of cardiac events: A feasibility study in cancer survivors undergoing radiotherapy in Australia

IntroductionA coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan can identify calcified plaque and predict risk of future cardiac events. Cancer survivors undergoing thoracic radiotherapy routinely undergo a planning CT scan, which...

So Many Snakes, So Little Time: Uncovering the secret lives of Australia's serpents by RickShine, Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2022. pp. 292. RRP (AUD 53.99) softback, also available as eBook (AUD 48.99) and hardcover (AUD 175.00). ISBN: 9781032232928

DFH worked with Rick Shine for over 20 years at the University of Sydney. He has also been known to be flippant about both reptiles and high-achieving academics for his own amusement. This initially seemed an ideal opportunity to combine these interests.

281-OR: Neonatal Outcomes in Early and Incident Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Are They Normalized with Treatment from 24–28 Weeks’ Gestation?

Aim: To compare neonatal outcomes between women with early GDM (eGDM: diagnosed<20 weeks’ gestation), incident GDM (iGDM: diagnosed ≥ 24 weeks’ gestation) and normoglycemia Methods: Pregnant women with GDM risk factors were enrolled <20 weeks’ gestation into an eGDM treatment trial across 17 sites in Australia, India, Europe. Women undertook a 2-h 75g oral glucose tolerance test on entry & at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. GDM was defined by WHO 2013 criteria. Logistic regression compared outcomes between women with eGDM, iGDM and normoglycemia adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), site, smoking status, parity and tertiary qualifications. Women randomized to receive eGDM treatment were excluded from this analysis. Results: Baseline characteristics differed by age, BMI, parity and glycemia across the 3211 women (Table 1). Similar proportions of eGDM and iGDM women received pharmacotherapy. eGDM group gestational weight gain was lower; eGDM and iGDM neonatal outcomes were similar; neonatal intensive care unit admission and respiratory distress were higher in offspring of eGDM than normoglycemic women. Conclusions: Adverse neonatal outcomes are increased in pregnancies complicated by eGDM with delayed treatment. Disclosure D.Simmons: Consultant; Sanofi, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes. M.Mclean: None. A.Sweeting: None. V.Mohan: None. J.Harreiter: None. Tobogm core investigator group: n/a. J.Immanuel: None. N.Cheung: None. W.Hague: None. H.Teede: None. C.J.Nolan: None. H.E.Backman: None. E.Hibbert: None. M.J.Peek: None. Funding National Health and Medical Research Council (1104231, 2009326); Region Örebro Research Committee (OLL-970566, OLL-942177); Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of Vienna (15205); South Western Sydney Local Health District Academic Unit (2016); Western Sydney University Ainsworth Trust (2019)

The Potential for a Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model to Facilitate Educational Messaging on Hypertension.

HomeHypertensionAhead of PrintPotential for a Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model to Facilitate Educational Messaging on Hypertension No AccessResearch ArticleRequest AccessAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplemental MaterialNo AccessResearch ArticleRequest AccessPotential for a Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model to Facilitate Educational Messaging on Hypertension Edel O’Hagan, Daniel McIntyre and Liliana Laranjo Edel O’HaganEdel O’Hagan Correspondence to: Edel O’Hagan, The University of Sydney, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , Daniel McIntyreDaniel McIntyre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-4050 Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia. Search for more papers by this author and Liliana LaranjoLiliana Laranjo Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia. Search for more papers by this author Originally published16 Jun 2023https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21395Hypertension. 2023;0FootnotesFor Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page XXX.Supplemental Material is available at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21395.Correspondence to: Edel O’Hagan, The University of Sydney, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. Email edel.[email protected]edu.au Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21395PMID: 37325936 Originally publishedJune 16, 2023 KeywordslifestylehypertensionintelligencefeedbackhealthPDF download Advertisement SubjectsHigh Blood PressureHypertension

Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in Tourette Syndrome

BackgroundTourette syndrome is characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics. There is preliminary evidence of benefit from cannabis products containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and that coadministration of cannabidiol (CBD) improves the side-effect profile and safety.MethodsIn this double-blind, crossover trial, participants with severe Tourette syndrome were randomly assigned to a 6-week treatment period with escalating doses of an oral oil containing 5 mg/ml of THC and 5 mg/ml of CBD, followed by a 6-week course of placebo, or vice versa, separated by a 4-week washout period. The primary outcome was the total tic score on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS; range, 0 to 50 [higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms]). Secondary outcomes included video-based assessment of tics, global impairment, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Outcomes were correlated with plasma levels of cannabinoid metabolites. A computerized cognitive battery was administered at the beginning and the end of each treatment period.ResultsOverall, 22 participants (eight female participants) were enrolled. Reduction in total tic score (at week 6 relative to baseline) as measured by the YGTSS was 8.9 (±7.6) in the active group and 2.5 (±8.5) in the placebo group. In a linear mixed-effects model, there was a significant interaction of treatment (active/placebo) and visit number on tic score (coefficient = −2.28; 95% confidence interval, −3.96 to −0.60; P=0.008), indicating a greater decrease (improvement) in tics under active treatment. There was a correlation between plasma 11-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol levels and the primary outcome, which was attenuated after exclusion of an outlier. The most common adverse effect in the placebo period was headache (n=7); in the active treatment period, it was cognitive difficulties, including slowed mentation, memory lapses, and poor concentration (n=8).ConclusionsIn severe Tourette syndrome, treatment with THC and CBD reduced tics and may reduce impairment due to tics, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder; although in some participants this was associated with slowed mentation, memory lapses, and poor concentration. (Funded by the Wesley Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, and the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, a philanthropically-funded research organization at the University of Sydney, Australia; Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12618000545268.)

Community-based alcohol education intervention (THEATRE) study to reduce harmful effects of alcohol in rural Sri Lanka: design and adaptation of a mixed-methods stepped wedge cluster randomised control trial

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and adverse social sequelae in Sri Lanka. Effective community-based, culturally adapted or context-specific interventions are required to minimise these harms. We...

About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Effectiveness of population-wide screening and mass drug administration for leprosy control in Kiribati: the COMBINE protocol

IntroductionProgress towards leprosy elimination is threatened by increasing incidence in ‘hot-spot’ areas where more effective control strategies are urgently required. In these areas, active case finding and leprosy prevention limited...

Olaparib in HR-deficient (HRD), metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and relapsed ovarian cancer (ROC) without germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: Phase 2 EMBRACE trial.

e15079 Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by germline BRCA1/2 mutations (gBRCAm) sensitize high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and TNBC to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib. Loss of function of BRCA1 or RAD51C, due to promoter methylation or mutation of non-BRCA HR genes may also confer sensitivity to PARPi. This investigator-initiated, proof-of-concept trial evaluated olaparib in platinum(Pt)-sensitive, relapsed HGSOC and metastatic TNBC, with HRD due to mechanisms other than gBRCAm. EMBRACE is the first trial evaluating PARPi in loss of function of BRCA1/ RAD51C by promoter methylation. Methods: Single-arm, phase 2 trial of olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily in adults with metastatic TNBC or Pt-sensitive relapsed HGSOC and HRD due to mechanisms other than gBRCAm. 1 line of prior Pt-chemotherapy was allowed (HGSOC); additional lines of non-Pt therapy were allowed (TNBC). Tumor BRCA1/RAD51C promoter methylation was determined by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS, Pillar Biosciences BRCA1 & RAD51C Methylation test, high methylation threshold 70%). Unmethylated cases underwent NGS HR gene mutation testing (Pillar Biosciences HRD test, paired tumor/normal). The primary outcome was objective tumor response rate (OTRR) at 6 months(m). Secondary objectives: progression-free survival (PFS), OTRR according to HR gene mutation type, safety. Tertiary: associations between biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Results: 22 participants (15 HGSOC, 7 TNBC) enrolled from 208 screened (Sep 2018 - Mar 2022). Methylation was detected in 8/15 HGSOC (all BRCA1) and 5/7 TNBC (4 BRCA1, 1 RAD51C). Both cohorts included mutations in gBRIP1 (1), gPALB2 (1), gRAD51C (3), sBRCA1 (2), with 1 COSMIC mutational signature 3, and 1 positive HRD score in HGSOC. OTRR at 6m was 40% in HGSOC (6/15: 5 partial, 1 complete), and 0% in TNBC (0/7). OTRR was 38% (3/8) in methylated tumors vs 43% (4/7) with other HRD. Stable disease at 6m was 47% (7) in HGSOC and 43% (3) in TNBC durations were 7m in HGSOC and 3m in TNBC. PFS was 53% at 6m and 25% at 12m in HGSOC, vs 17% at 6m and NE at 12m in TNBC. TNBC 2-3 prior lines of therapy. Conclusions: Olaparib demonstrated clinically relevant activity in HGSOC without gBRCAm. Objective responses were seen in HGSOC with methylated BRCA1. Olaparib had limited activity in heavily pre-treated TNBC. Further research is needed into the effects of non-Pt chemotherapy on methylation of BRCA1/RAD51C to improve selection of HGSOC and TNBC for PARPi. (ANZCTRN12617000855325) Acknowledgements: Funding from Cancer Australia and the NBCF(PS-15-048), provision of study drug plus an untied educational grant from AstraZeneca and its group of companies. EMBRACE was led by the NHMRC CTC, University of Sydney in collaboration with ANZGOG, BCT-ANZ, and GCCTI. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12617000855325 .

JasonLustig: A Time to Gather: Archives and the Control of Jewish Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022; pp. ix + 265.

Journal of Religious HistoryEarly View BOOK REVIEW Jason Lustig: A Time to Gather: Archives and the Control of Jewish Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022; pp. ix + 265. Suzanne D. Rutland, Corresponding Author Suzanne D. Rutland [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-934X University of Sydney[email protected]Search for more papers by this author Suzanne D. Rutland, Corresponding Author Suzanne D. Rutland [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-934X University of Sydney[email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 31 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12986Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

0371 Acute effects of cannabinoids in insomnia disorder: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial using high-density EEG

Abstract Introduction Medicinal cannabis is often cited as a popular alternative to common sleep aids; however, there are limited studies using complex sleep EEG methods examining its’ effects in insomnia disorder. Methods Twenty participants (16 female; mean [SD] age, 47.1 [8.7] years) with insomnia disorder (mean ISI=20.8) completed two 24-hour in-laboratory visits during which they received a single oral dose of ‘CBD/THC’ containing 200 mg cannabidiol (CBD) and 10 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or matched placebo. Co-primary outcomes were total sleep time (TST) and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Secondary outcomes included next-day neurobehavioural function and sleep architecture metrics determined using overnight polysomnography with high-density EEG. Trial registration: ACTRN12619000714189. Results Compared to placebo, CBD/THC significantly decreased TST (-24.5 min, p=0.047) with no significant change to WASO (+10.7 min, p=0.422). CBD/THC significantly decreased time spent in REM sleep (-8.1%, p< 0.001) and increased REM sleep latency (+65.6 min, p=0.008). High-density EEG analysis revealed a significant reduction in high-frequency EEG activity overlying the posterior and frontal cortex during N2 sleep with CBD/THC treatment compared to placebo. CBD/THC treatment also reduced delta activity in the posterior region of the brain during N3 sleep and increased alpha and beta activity during REM sleep in the posterior regions of the brain relative to placebo (all p’s< 0.05). CBD/THC did not impair next-day (+12 h post-treatment) cognitive performance, alertness, or simulated driving performance (all p’s>0.05). Eighty-five mild, non-serious, adverse events were reported (55 during ETC120; most common dry mouth, drowsiness, and fatigue). Conclusion An acute dose of combined 200 mg CBD and 10 mg THC reduced TST with a clear effect of REM sleep suppression. However, no next-day residual impairment on cognitive function, alertness or simulated driving performance were observed. Further research is required to determine the impact of chronic cannabinoid dosing on REM sleep and other objective sleep outcomes in insomnia disorder. Support (if any) The study was funded by the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, a philanthropically funded centre for cannabinoid research at the University of Sydney, Australia.

Value(s): Building a Better World for All, by MarkCarney (HarperCollins, London, 2021), 608 pages.

Economic RecordEarly View Review Value(s): Building a Better World for All, by Mark Carney (HarperCollins, London, 2021), 608 pages. Anna Sturman, Corresponding Author Anna Sturman [email protected] The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author Anna Sturman, Corresponding Author Anna Sturman [email protected] The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12743Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation