Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Research Articles

End-Users' Perception from Housing Needs Based on Maslow's Theory of Motivation

Providing operational approach to end-users' motivational tendencies in housing facilitates user-centered approach enhancing person-environment congruence. The operational approach is highly critical in case of inaccessibility of end-users in decision making, i.e. mass housing. Therefore, this study aims at explaining end-users' housing motivations from their housing attributes preferences, through a theoretical framework developed based on Maslow's theory. The investigation was carried out by using a self-administered questionnaire conducted on 127 Iranian postgraduate students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, and their spouse who lived alongside them. They were selected from those who lived more than one year in mass housing apartments in Malaysia. Using exploratory factor analysis, the housing attributes preferences were analyzed to underlie the latent structure and relations among them; the extracted factors were also labeled based on the different level of needs. Then, conducting one sample t-test hierarchical tendencies among the different motivational factors were identified. Referring to Maslow's theory to explain the concept and characteristics of housing needs results in identification of two different categories of housing attributes in association with the different level of needs. Accordingly, primary levels of needs that associate with relatively tangible and concrete attributes are more likely to be content-specific and predictable. The higher levels of needs that associate with relatively complicated and abstract attributes are more likely to be problematical, confusing, and non-predictable.

A Team Formation Framework for Managing Diversity in Multidisciplinary Engineering Project

Team formation is one of the essential elements in constructing effective teamwork of any team size that requires different skill sets. Diversity in team encourages students to challenge and compete with one another while searching for new ideas, which in turn can lead to a better team performance. In a well-functioning diverse teams, the students who performed poorly may gain benefit by observing how excellent students approach the assignments. They may also benefit by getting advice and assistance from the excellent students. Studies have shown that Malaysian university graduates lack of team skills. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for forming a diverse multidisciplinary team among engineering undergraduates based on selected criteria such as individual personality type, gender, and other relevant demographic information. The proposed framework can also be used to design an automated team-formation system based on the identified metrics. The purpose of the framework is to consolidate the existing team formation literature, and to develop and test interventions for maximizing individual member and team performance as a whole that makes an effective team. For this study, a multidisciplinary approach was used where first year engineering students from three different faculties, namely Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FKE), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FKM), and Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) worked on an innovation project using the Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate (CDIO) framework. Keirsey Temperament Sorter was used as an instrument to identify an individual's personality type.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 3 Agboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAEmanuele Achino, C. D. T. O., ItalyHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAJianquan Cheng, Manchester Metropolitan University, UKJosé María Fernandez-Crehuet, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, SpainJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaKatja Eman, Univerza v Mariboru, SloveniaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaPriyono, Economics Faculty Universities, IndonesiaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, PortugalSerkan Cicek, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySharif Alghazo, University of Jordan, JordanSudershan Pasupuleti, The University of Texas, USAZafer İbrahimoglu, Marmara University Faculty of Education, Turkey James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com

Reviewer Acknowledgements

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 2 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Institute of Objective Studies, IndiaAgboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyEmanuele Achino, C. D. T. O., ItalyHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network, ItalyK. O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaKatja Eman, Univerza v Mariboru, SloveniaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaLuigia Simona Sica, University of Naples “Federico II”, ItalyMałgorzata Haładewicz, Opole University of Technology, PolandRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaRaymond Chan, City University of Hong Kong, Hong KongSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, Portugal James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com

Courtyard as a Passive Cooling Strategy in Buildings

One of the most significant current discussions in the built environment, architectural practice, theory, and procedures is “Passive Design”. It is becoming very difficult to ignore the issues of passive architectural design strategies in buildings. Recent studies emphasized the need for passive architectural design strategies and the application of the courtyard as a passive design strategy for cooling in buildings. Also, that the courtyard is very suitable in almost all building typologies in all the climatic zones due to its passive tendencies for cooling. Its cooling potentials can be achieved only when design requirements are not ignored. The courtyard has social, cultural, religious, and environmental benefits. Despite its abundant advantages, research effort towards courtyard design requirements is very scarce. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the design of central courtyard as a passive cooling strategy for improving indoor thermal comfort in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Buildings. Courtyard design requirement such as the courtyard configurations, orientation, and natural features in courtyard buildings in UTM were investigated. Besides the design variants, courtyard usage in such buildings was also examined. The methodology of this study involved the developing of a checklist based on literature for the field survey. Forty-six (46) courtyards in thirty-two (32) buildings in UTM were surveyed, and the statistical description method was used to interpret and analyzed the data. The Results of this quantitative study shows that UTM central courtyards buildings were designed based on a cautious consideration to orientation and configurations to enhance their effective passive cooling potentials, however, only two courtyards had water pools. The study concluded that courtyards in UTM buildings are creatively designed but future experimental studies to appraise their thermal performances is required, and future simulation studies can predict a better design requirement for optimum performance. Therefore, further simulation studies are recommended.

Numerical Study on Propeller Performance for a Vessel in Restricted Water

Ship-bank hydrodynamic interaction effect in shallow water on ship manoeuvrability, steering performance and navigation in restricted waters has been a main challenge to safe navigation. The objectives of this research are firstly to investigate the effect of non-symmetric sloped bank and shallow water on hydrodynamic characteristics of propeller for a LNG ship, secondly to determine the flow wake pattern at propeller plane in different water depth and ship-bank distance. The numerical and experimental research methodologies were applied to achieve the objectives. The data contributes to the surface-ship resistance and propulsion model-scale database for computational fluid dynamics validation, as part of an international collaborative project between Malaysia International Shipping Corporation Berhad (MISC) and Hydrodynamic Research Group of MTC in UTM Institute (HRG-MTC-UTM). The tests were conducted in Marine technology Centre (MTC) – Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) to validate the computational fluid dynamic simulations using ANSYS-CFX 14. The thrust deduction factor decreased due to suction effect in stern region of ship above Also propeller thrust and torque increased. These results can be applied for as a valuable guideline for evaluating the manoeuvring and navigation of the vessel in restricted waters.

Conventional Total Station Versus Digital Photogrammetry in Land Development Applications

In land development, the need for up to date planimetric plans is emphasised. Numerous techniques can be used to produce these plans such as traditional photogrammetry, satellite photogrammetry and terrestrial surveying using total station or Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques. However, for the purpose of this paper, GPS and total station are used together with photogrammetric techniques. GPS was used to establish ground control points for aerial triangulation in photogrammetry. Some selected portions within the campus of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) are chosen to carry out this integration mapping [1]. Field surveying technique using total station is always adopted as a traditional method for planimetric plan production and mapping of urban and rural areas. Both the conventional surveying i.e., Total station and photogrammetry could be used for surveying purposes but the accuracy and techniques of each method differs from one another, hence in this project, both techniques are looked at in order to compare and draw some inferences. The main objectives will be to produce planimetric plan of the study area using conventional surveying technique (i.e., total station) and photogrammetric method to perform analysis of the two surveying methods.

Green Building and Environment Sustainability: A Retrofit of Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant Building Universiti Teknologi Malaysia [UTM

Objectives: To assessing an existing building for retrofitting towards improving its environmental performance and energy efficiency. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A walkthrough assessment and evaluation of a Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant Building facility in University Technology Malaysia, was carried out. In addition, an interview session with the building facility manager was conducted alongside the building evaluation. Findings: The building fall short of the standards required for green and energy efficient building rating. However, retrofitting could be possible towards improving its environmental performance. Applications/Improvement: The result of a possible retrofit of the Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant Building facility using solar PV panels would provide about 41% savings in the building’s annual energy consumption.

University as Education Provider to Community: Applying Theory-Based Impact Evaluation (TBIE) Approach

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) was established in 1972 and is one of the well known Research Universities (RU) in Malaysia. With a large number of postgraduate and undergraduate students—which are 13,780 and 11,392 respectively, the numbers show the role of UTM in providing the local community and nation with access to quality educational programmes. However, just mere numbers could not determine the outcome and impact of UTM as a quality education provider to the community. The following questions cannot be answered by enrolment statistics alone. For example, (i) Are UTM graduates well educated and equipped with other life skills other than academic knowledge? (ii) Do parents see the differences in UTM’s graduates before and after their children studying in UTM? (iii) Do UTM graduates meet the requirements or needs of the industry? All of these questions could be answered through an impact study using the well-established Theory Based Impact Evaluation (TBIE) framework. This conceptual paper summarises the steps involved in applying TBIE to investigate the impact of UTM as an education provider to the community.

Study on Safety of Navigation using Automatic Identification System for Marine Traffic Area Case Study: Malacca Straits

International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recommended the implementation of Automatic Identification System (AIS) to improve the safety of navigation at marine traffic area. Based on regulation, IMO requires AIS to be fitted aboard all ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages, cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on international voyages and all passenger ships irrespective of size. The function of the AIS is to make communication between ship to ship and communication between ship to the port or land area. In this study, the study area is the Malacca Strait. Malacca Straits is the strait categorized as high risk level. Malacca straits is also busy area for maritime transportation because it is an area for international transportation lines. Many captains feel anxious and cautiously when passes through the strait. AIS receiver was used in this study which has been installed at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia by Kobe University Japan. Using AIS receiver, the current condition of the ship in the Malacca Straits area can be monitored properly. In addition, the data recorded on the AIS receiver can be used for research to enhance safety of navigation.

Small scale boilover and visualization of hot zone

Experimental studies of boilover were conducted in small scale rig at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia and Loughborough University, United Kingdom. The study at UTP was aimed to demonstrate the ability of conducting tests at a smaller scale to simulate the boilover phenomenon. At Loughborough University, a novel laboratory scale rig was designed and built in order to obtain visual records of fuels' behaviour in a pool fire. The ultimate objective of these studies is to develop a greater understanding of boilover pertaining to fires involving the contents of storage tanks. Fuel mixtures containing light and heavy components were burnt as to study the feasibility of reproducing hot zone formation and boilover in a smaller scale and a safe environment. Boilover occurred after certain period of burning. It is found that thickness of the hot zone changed with time. It is also found that the time needed to start boilover increased when fuel thickness increased. The visualization of the fuel behaviour during the experiments was obtained to better understand the formation and growth of hot zone, the boiling of water layer and hence the boilover occurrence. Based on the data analysis and the photographs recorded from the experiments, the laboratory scale experimental rig could be used to simulate the hot zone formation mechanism and the boilover event safely and successfully. Such information are important for the understanding towards boilover phenomenon.

PROPERTIES OF COAL BOTTOM ASH FROM POWER PLANTS IN MALAYSIA AND ITS SUITABILITY AS GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MATERIAL

Coal is one of the world’s most important sources of energy, fuelling almost 40% of electricity worldwide. Some power plants in Malaysia use coal as a raw material in generating the electricity since the year 1988. During the burning process of coal for the electricity generation, coal waste is produced which includes coal ash in the fraction of about 75-85 % Fly Ash (FA) and 15-25 % Bottom Ash (BA). The FA has been widely used in the cement industry but the BA is still not largely utilised in Malaysia. This might be due to the fears on the environmental hazard that might be occurred as a result of possible leaching of metal from the BA to the ground water. Research on the possible usage of BA in Geotechnical Engineering work has been taken place in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia since 2008, in collaboration with the Tanjung Bin, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (or Kapar) and Sultan Azlan Shah (or Manjung) power plants in Johor, Selangor and Perak, respectively. This paper presents the physical, morphological, mineralogical, chemical and mechanical properties of BA and explores the possibility of using BA as alternative materials in Geotechnical Engineering works. Analysis of the results from the laboratory and physical model tests show a huge potential of utilising this BA.

INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE 4 : 2016

It is my esteem pleasure to present this Special Issue of Planning Malaysia based on selected papers presented in the 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. UTM, the country’s pioneer institution in the urban and regional planning discipline is indeed honoured to have hosted this prestigious event. The theme for APSA2015 was ‘Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity and AuthenticCity’, and oral presentation papers was featured across six tracks encompassing Urban Planning and Design Challenges; Urban Institutions and Governance; Bridging Urban Research and Urban Policy; Soul-Searching Planning Education; Green Growth and, Urban Equity and Authenticity. The theme was developed with the idea of going beyond rhetoric and planning in the Asian urban context. It is timely for the Asian urban planners to rediscover the Asian wisdom and promote an Asian renaissance in urban and regional planning.It is gratifying to acknowledge that APSA2015 had more than 200 participants from about 20 countries in Asia and other parts of the world. Thirty distinguished research articles written by national and international scholars on variety of issues of urban context have been included in this MIP special edition. The research papers selected are experimental, computational and theoretical aspects covering the broad spectrum of planning. This special edition also includes several seminal vision articles which represent the general theme of the congress. As Chairman of APSA 2015, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Planning Malaysia, MIP for publishing this Special Issue. My profound thankfulness is also addressed to the Organising Committee and the reviewers for their effort and commitment in ensuring that this journal are published. Finally, using the Planning Malaysia Special Edition as an occasion, I would like to thank to those who has created the opportunity for this publication particularly the UIAM as the Planning Malaysia secretariat.

INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE 2 : 2013

Connecting transit stations to residential areas also demand for other support facilities such as for a convenient, safe and well-designed pedestrian facility. Numerous studies have been done and continuously been improved to determine the pedestrians’ Level of Services (LoS). Pedestrian Index (P-Index) rated through star rating formats can be used to evaluate the quality of pedestrian services. With the availability of free geospatial data such as Google Maps, ratings of pedestrian facilities can be made public and encourage public participatory planning approach to improve these services.In addition, TOD which is characterised by high density and mixed-use development can also generate environmental and social issues. Energy consumption and carbon emissions within this area are expected to be relatively higher than other parts of the city. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new method in assessing potential urban development parameters that can help reduce energy consumption in development (residential) areas. The findings are important for urban planners to formulate effective policies on land use and building control to promote a sustainable environment within the cities.Malaysia is relatively safe from earth quakes and tsunamis due to its geographical location and blessed with natural defence mechanism. However, most cities located along the coastal lines are susceptible to other natural hazards for example rising sea level, coastal flooding and possibly will be impacted by earthquakes or tsunamis in the neighbouring countries. It is important to understand the effect and impact of this disaster to enable affected areas to be better prepared in the wake of such disasters. The research on seismic micro-zonation at post-disastrous earthquake and tsunami in Banda Aceh City can be a useful input for the planners at the coastal cities in Malaysia.The publication of this journal is made possible due to an excellent collaboration between the Malaysia Institute of Planners (MIP) and the Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CIPD), Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. It was agreed by MIP and CIPD that the theme of this Special Edition was the use of present technological know-how and tools in urban planning. It reflects our continuous efforts towards promoting sustainable urban development and strengthening the planning profession in Malaysia. CIPD has continuously encouraged their staff and researchers to carry out innovative, fundamental and ground-breaking and problem solving oriented research that lay the foundations for further research.We wish to express our deepest gratitude to Planning Malaysia editorial board for giving valuable inputs to improve the manuscripts. Our special thanks are also to Malaysia Institute of Planners’ Council for giving us the opportunity to publish the output of our research. We also extend our appreciation and thanks to all our research sponsors and data providers, which we could not possibly list all and, UTM that made this special edition journal possible. I hope this publication will be useful for planners, urban managers and practitioners.

Strain effect on graphene nanoribbon carrier statistic in the presence of non-parabolic band structure**Project supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (Grant No.Q.J130000.7823.4F477). We also thank the Research Management Center (RMC) of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for providing an excellent research environment.

The effect of tensile uniaxial strain on the non-parabolic electronic band structure of armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) is investigated. In addition, the density of states and the carrier statistic based on the tight-binding Hamiltonian are modeled analytically. It is found that the property of AGNR in the non-parabolic band region is varied by the strain. The tunable energy band gap in AGNR upon strain at the minimum energy is described for each of n-AGNR families in the non-parabolic approximation. The behavior of AGNR in the presence of strain is attributed to the breakable AGNR electronic band structure, which varies the physical properties from its normality. The linear relation between the energy gap and the electrical properties is featured to further explain the characteristic of the deformed AGNR upon strain.

Institutionalize waste minimization governance towards campus sustainability: A case study of Green Office initiatives in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Waste minimization in campus sustainability can be an effective showcase of sustainability governance in translating the elusive concept of sustainable development in the context of Higher Education Institution into more tangible outcome of sustainable consumption, reduce environmental effect from campus activities and create conducive campus environmental for behavioral change. As part of the sustainability initiative in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, the establishment of a Green Office reveals the complexity of institutionalizing waste minimization in campuses as well as demonstrate the potential of living laboratory framework as an integrative, transformative and structural approach of the triangulation elements of Higher Education Institutions; teaching & learning, research and operation. The first part of the study begins with the science approach in develop waste profile with its’ strategic implication; i. correction on waste generation 0.83 kg per capita per day in campus instead of 3.47 kg per person per day received from the waste collector in 2011 and, ii. strategize and justify the campus sustainability initiatives based on waste characterization figures; 46% compostable or food waste and 40.6% dry waste or recyclable items (paper 39.7%, followed by plastic packaging 31.8%, plastic bottles 17.2% and aluminum cans 11.3%) in 2011. The Green Office practices designed to minimize dry waste and provide situational and systemic changes for behavior, such as Sustainable Meeting, Saving Paper and Practicing Recycling, resulted in campus paper reduction rates of 30% (2011), 42% (2012) and 58% (2013). The economic sustainability dimension from the total paper reduction consumption is 35, 089 reams, amounted saving of MYR 561.424 or US$ 130,563 (2009–2013). The result equivalences with the carbon emission reduction 6047.58 kg and the energy saving amounted 4,414,196.2 GJ/t as an environmental sustainability dimension. The second part of the study, which is more on the social science approach, analyze through the participatory based approach, governance and institutionalization process of waste minimization. The process involves decentralization of solid waste management, established co-production of knowledge and co-implementation as well as effective monitoring. Those aspects contributes to the development of sustainable consumption in general and behavioral changes of the campus society. The study demonstrates and explains in detail the adoption of waste profile data resulted from research has corrected function for better management of waste minimization as to support integrated solid waste management in campus. The result discloses several challenges in introducing such a task by introducing Green Office initiative in systemic approach which reflects in waste data performance and monitoring. The scientific evidence with a combination support top down and bottom up governance approach showcase the successful of waste minimization initiatives in campus sustainability. Furthermore, the study suggests the Green Office awards and certification as to increase the competitiveness of CoR or Green Manager and involves the cleaner services in the process as to sustain the Green Office performance in the long term. This study provides a practical experience and detail process of adaptation waste minimization in the context of campus sustainability which adds to the new dimension of growing body of knowledge in waste management from the perspective of sustainability science.

The Negative Impact of Technology on Social Networking among Students at UTM Skudai 2016

Recently social media network such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitters and Youtube has led to the popularity. Social media, which once act as an electronic connection between users has gained wider acceptability and usability and is also becoming probably the most important communication tools and is addictive among students especially in the higher education. There’s no denying the benefits we have gained from technological advancements, but as with all things in life moderation is key. Many students tend to use social medias against the ethics enshrines by Islamic laws therefore awareness about the dangers of excessive use of electronics will help in avoiding any undesirable issue. The negative impacts of addictive usage of social medias includes isolation, lack of social skills and bonds, obesity, depression, poor sleep habit, increase bullying, lack of privacy, lack of social and sexual boundaries, and mental and emotional disturbances. Therefore, this study examines the significant impact of social media on UTM students and to identify recommendations to overcome the negative impact. Quantitative method is applied in this research distributed to students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia where the respondents is required to rate on a likert scale basis. Questionnaire is developed to explore the participating students’ the level of social media’s usage and its negative impact. At the end of this paper, some suggestions are included to overcome the negative impact for a better use to this social networking site. The last and not least, this study will be of great benefits to the university as it has shown the dangers of uncontrolled use of these social medias by students and therefore the need to put in place measures to prevent the negative effects.Keywords : Technology, Social Medias, Impact of Social Medias, Students, UTM

Discovering Factors of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety and Coping Strategies

<p>Feeling of anxiety is commonly expressed by foreign language learners in learning to speak a foreign language. This feeling is considered to have a negative impact on communication in the target language. This study has attempted to investigate the most influential factors in creating this type of anxiety as well as the most commonly used strategies to cope with it. In this respect, a qualitative research methodology, based on interviews and reflective journals, was used to investigate the issue. A total of 10 female freshman undergraduate students of English education in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia participated in the study. The findings suggested that assessing language learners’ speaking performance was the most anxiety provoking factor and creating a fun environment was the most commonly used strategy to cope with anxiety. The pedagogical implications of these findings suggested the significant role of teachers in creating and/or reducing foreign language speaking anxiety in language learners.</p>

Process tomography of gas-liquid flow in a vessel: a review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a review of types of tomographic systems that have been widely researched within the past 10 years. Decades of research on non-invasively and non-intrusively visualizing and monitoring gas-liquid multi-phase flow in process plants in making sure that the industrial system has high quality control. Process tomography is a developing measurement technology for industrial flow visualization.Design/methodology/approachA review of types of tomographic systems that have been widely researched especially in the application of gas-liquid flow within the past 10 years was conducted. The sensor system operating fundamentals and assessment of each tomography technology are discussed and explained in detail.FindingsPotential future research on gas-liquid flow in a conducting vessel using ultrasonic tomography sensor system is addressed.Originality/valueThe authors would like to undertake that the above-mentioned manuscript is original, has not been published elsewhere, accepted for publication elsewhere or under editorial review for publication elsewhere and that my Institute’s Universiti Teknologi Malaysia representative is fully aware of this submission.

Challenges in Integrating BLOSSOMS in Malaysia's STEM Education System

Starting in January 2013, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) launched a project called Blended Learning Open Source Science or Math Studies (BLOSSOMS) in collaboration with the United States ’ Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The project, supported by the Malaysia Ministry of Education (MoE), intro- duces a new teaching method aimed at encourag- ing students to learn science and mathematics. BLOSSOMS is a technology-based learning resource comprising videos that complement the existing curriculum (http://blossoms.mit. edu). The project ’ s goals include increasing student enrolment and improving performance in science and mathematics education in Malaysia as well as strengthening higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in STEM students.