Universidade Federal Fluminense Research Articles

Investigative and collaborative experimental activities using simple purification of curcuminoids by column chromatography

This work describes the use of turmeric in the teaching concepts and laboratory techniques of organic chemistry to students in introductory classes of licentiate, bachelor’s and industrial chemistry courses, as well as to pharmacy and chemical engineering students at Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Niterói/RJ/Brazil. Considering investigative and collaborative activities and Vygotsky theory, the discussed concepts were everyday natural products, green chemistry, purification and separation of organic substances, molecular interactions, organic compound extraction techniques, and thin-layer and column chromatography. The activities were applied for four 3-hour classes for 31 students in 7 introductory organic chemistry laboratory classes for Chemistry and for 43 students in 4 experimental organic chemistry classes for Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering courses, in the years 2022–23. The teaching-learning process methodology involved 4 moments/classes: a) discussions about organic chemistry; b) discontinuous extraction of turmeric and thin-layer chromatography; c) column chromatography; and d) discussions about results and the learning process. After the sequence of classes, it was possible to observe the students’ motivation with the ease of separating curcuminoids and the understanding of the relationship between theoretical concepts and practice, as well as the understanding of the importance of low waste production.

Ocean Literacy and Metabolic Rift Theory for Addressing the Effects of the Marine Ecological Crisis

Abstract: Natural resources are used by society to produce goods and this proceeding mediated by human work which transforms nature. This process is called social metabolism and is expressed differently throughout history. In the capitalist mode of production, the exchange value subsumes use value and nature is modified on a scale beyond its reproduction capacity, establishing a metabolic rift that expands to different environments, including the marine. Ocean Literacy (OL) – understanding the human influence on the oceans and the influence of the oceans on human society – aims to contribute to overcoming the ecological crisis in the ocean, however, it is focused on a logic that ranges from the Enlightenment to post-modern perspectives. In the present work, it is proposed that OL incorporates the theory of metabolic rift in order to be able to organize society to face the challenges related to oceanic issues such as acidification, extinction of biodiversity, overfishing, etc. Finally, a case study of the “Onda Cultural’” (Cultural Wave) educational initiative of the “Laboratório de Genética Marinha e Evolução” (Marine Genetics and Evolution Laboratory) at Universidade Federal Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is presented in its attempt to incorporate this theory into its OL practices and activities in public schools. Key Words: Oceanic crisis. Metabolic rift. Social metabolism. Estate schools.

Shared e-bike operational planning under different relocation schemes: A smart campus case

Major urban centers are grappling with challenges related to urban mobility and elevated greenhouse gas emissions. Shared electric bicycles (e-bikes) present a potential solution to these issues. Nonetheless, many ventures of this nature have previously faltered due to high operational costs. This paper aims to assess the optimal decisions for a shared e-bike company serving a university community. To this end, we consider two relocation strategies: one led by the operator and another by the user. Additionally, we examine elements inherent to a smart campus, such as photovoltaic systems and advanced energy tariffs, like time-of-use and real-time tariffs. We modeled the optimization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program, further linearized to a mixed-integer linear program using the Big-M method. Our case study focuses on the academic community at Universidade Federal Fluminense in Niterói, Brazil. Findings suggest a trade-off between operator and user relocation tariffs. They also underscore an enhancement in meeting demand, from 51 % to 69 %, when both mechanisms are employed. Lastly, the smart campus influences the operator's decisions, highlighting the importance of considering the interplay between energy and rental tariffs during planning.

Developing a Rural Tourism Route Through the Integration of Local Stakeholders: Challenges and Opportunities for Family Farmers in Porto Seguro – Bahia (Brazil)

Summary Family farming plays a key role in global food production and economic development. Rural areas in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil, possess a rich cultural heritage, sustainable agricultural practices, and traditional communities that have been overlooked by mainstream tourism. To unlock economic opportunities for small farmers and attract diverse tourists, the local government and university (Universidade Federal Fluminense) collaborated to enhance a rural tourism route. This case study explores the synergy among local government, the university, and residents, showcasing how it can lead to creative placemaking practices in rural tourism. The study focuses on the “Motherland of Brazil” route, a sustainable tourism option, and emphasises the importance of residents’ involvement in destination planning through family farmers’ participation. Information © The Authors 2024

Factors associated with dental students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between gender, sense of coherence (SOC), social support, perception of academic environment and mental health of dental students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A longitudinal study involving 65 undergraduates enrolled from the first to sixth semesters in the bachelor dental course of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil, was conducted. Baseline data (2018) included age, gender, SOC, social support, stress control and perception of education environment. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed at baseline (response rate: 93%) and two-year follow-up (2020; response rate: 37%). Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationships between independent variables and depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19 pandemic. Lower social support (β = -0.15), lower stress control (β = -0.20) and lower SOC (β = -0.39) were directly linked to higher depression (β = 0.22). Female gender (β = 0.22), worse perception of educational environment (β = -0.24) and lower SOC (β = -0.57) directly predicted higher anxiety. Female gender (β = 0.18), lower stress control (β = -0.21), and lower SOC (β = -0.46) directly predicted higher stress. The link between gender and both depression and stress, was mediated by stress control. Social support was indirectly linked to depression and stress via SOC. Perception of educational environment mediated the link between SOC and anxiety. Mental health of dental students during COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by demographic characteristics, perception of educational environment, social support and SOC through both direct and indirect pathways.

(Trans)ver paisagens no percurso entre a casa e a escola: descobrindo patrimônios cotidianos através do olhar de crianças e jovens nas periferias da “cidade maravilhosa”

This study investigates everyday heritage and affective spatial appropriations in the peripheries of Rio de Janeiro by analyzing the drawings of children and youths who study in the municipal public school system, reporting their perceptions and desires on the daily commute between their homes and school. Stemming from inter-institutional partnerships between Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and the Rio de Janeiro City Hall, this study is based on the importance of children’s views of their own daily lives for city planning. First results show that free spaces to play configure affective heritages that take many forms: vacant lots, soccer fields, community squares, rivers, urban canals, among others. This affective and distressing mapping constitute landscapes and heritage from perspectives that are often invisible, stimulating thinking about inclusive strategies for heritage education and access to the municipality.

Background Tests and Improvements at LAC-UFF Aiming at Sample Size Reduction in Foraminifera 14C Measurement

Foraminifera are widely used in paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies, providing information about past ocean conditions. However, in order to use these tracers, it is essential to obtain an accurate chronology. Radiocarbon has proven to be a powerful tool in developing robust chronologies. Sample sizes of a few milligrams of carbonate material are needed for precise radiocarbon determination using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). In the specific case of paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental studies, Foraminifera microfossils are the most important indicator of oceanic conditions. However, for establishing the chronology of deposition, sample availability is often limited. In AMS facilities using solid ion sources, such as the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (LAC-UFF), in Brazil, CO2 samples need to be converted to graphite after physical and chemical pre-treatment to remove contamination. Reducing the sample sizes increases the relative contribution of contamination and can favor increased background levels. In this work, we tested different amounts of 14C-free carbonate samples as a means to evaluate the pattern of contamination. For the sealed tube Zn/TiH2 graphitization method, we tested prebaking the graphitization tubes and compared storage procedures. As a result, the background for regular-sized samples was decreased, and accurate measurement of carbonate samples containing ca. 0.5 mg C could be performed. Prebaked graphitization tubes can safely be stored in desiccator cabinets for up to 4 weeks. Foraminifera samples with mass as low as 1 mg (ca. 0.1 mg C) can now be measured at the LAC-UFF AMS facility, provided that C contamination can be estimated and corrected. The developments presented in this work allowed for the study of species-specific Foraminifera and other small-sized carbonate samples.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 12 No. 1

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Christiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDilek Kaya-Akyüzlü, Ankara University, TurkeyElham Mohamed, National Research Centre, EgyptFarahdilah Ghazali, University of Malaysia Terengganu, MalaysiaFarhaoui Mohamed, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, MoroccoGandhi Escajadillo Toledo, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, PeruHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseManuel Mendoza-Carranza, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), MexicoMohammad Aghababaei, Washington State University, USAMona M. Amin Abdel-Fatah, National Research Center in Egypt, EgyptOylum Gokkurt Baki, Sinop University, TurkeySyakir Amir Ab. Rahman, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTaina da Silva Rocha Paz, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil

The Epidemiological surveillance of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in oral and genital tracts and the impact of HPV vaccination on male university students from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are of significant concern in men, given its potential impact on their health and the risk of transmission to partners. Understanding and addressing this infection in men is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing HPV-related diseases. Objective: To assess the impact of HPV vaccination, potential genotype shifts, and adverse effects, through a prospective study conducted with male university students. Methods:The study involved 286 volunteers who were examined at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The HPV prevalence was evaluated using generic PCR, genotyped by DNA microarray and monitored adverse effects. Results: The findings of this study revealed the absence of moderate or severe adverse effects. Genetic shifts were observed, including the disappearance of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18. Surprisingly, even after completing the full vaccine regimen, students still harbored HPV11 in the oral tract. Furthermore, persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections were identified in three students, who had pre-existing infections prior to vaccination, at the follow-up visit. Multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations, notably an increased risk of HPV infection in the oral tract among men who have sex with men. HPV prevalence rates remained low both before and after the vaccination scheme (T0: 14.7%, T1: 8.7%). Even after the full vaccination scheme, the prevalence remained similar at T2 (14.6%), with no statistically significant differences recorded. HPV11 emerged as the most prevalent type throughout the study, followed by HPV6. Vaccine genotypes were detected in a significant proportion of samples at T0 (85.4%), T1 (89.5%), and T2 (100%). Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that vaccination may represent a promising approach to reducing HPV-related health risks. These findings shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of HPV vaccination, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and vaccination efforts.

Mpox transmitted through sexual intercourse: three case reports

Introduction: In 2022, many countries, such as Brazil, experienced outbreaks of mpox (formerly called monkeypox) in sexually active people with multiple sexual partners. Objective: Report cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox. Methods: Report three cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox treated at the STD Sector at Universidade Federal Fluminense. Results: We report three cases of young adult patients who spontaneously sought our STD service with wounds in the anogenital area, mouth and other parts of the body. These cases include a 28-year-old man (HIV positive) who had lesions on his penis and body, a 34-year-old man with perianal ulcers and adenopathy, and a 40-year-old man with painful ulcers on his penis. Conclusion: The article provides information on the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of mpox, highlighting the need for early detection, diagnosis, and prompt treatment to contain and prevent the spread of the disease. The cases presented in this study show all the characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease.

SINGLE IMPLANT-RETAINED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE: A CASE REPORT

Edentulism is a public health problem, impacting the quality of life of many people worldwide. Factors related to the mandibular ridge minimal support may hinder the common use of complete dentures. The use of overdentures supported by a minimum of one implant can be considered as reliable approach in this situation. Aim: To present a case report of a single implant-supported overdenture in the mandibular symphysis fot public health policies. Case report: A 65-year-old edentulous patient complaining of discomfort in a mandibular denture was referred to the Universidade Federal Fluminense. On clinical examination, residual mandibular ridge resorption and soft tissue trauma were observed, which was in line with the reported discomfort. A mandibular overdenture retained by a single implant in the symphysis region was planned. A hex-type 4.0 mm in diameter and 11.0 mm in length implant was placed and a new set of complete dentures were made till the date of complete osseointegration. After four months, a second surgery exposed the implant platform to fit a ball attachment with a 32 N.cm torque. The denture was relieved on its tissue surface for the placement of a metal attachment matrix with a rubber O-ring inside, using a fast-curing resin, and the patient was locked into maximum intercuspidation during the acrylic polymerization process. Excessive resin was removed and the region was polished for daily use after the process. The patient reported an improvement in chewing condition and restorative esthetics. Conclusions: A minimum requirements protocol has achieved relevant results and may be feasible in public health policies. Maintenance visits are recommended to maintain retention quality and to decrease the risk of failures.

Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study

BackgroundGeographic Tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the loss of epithelium due to the atrophy of filiform papillae. It usually occurs on the dorsum of the tongue and may extend to its lateral edges. It appears as an erythematous area surrounded by whitish and slightly elevated margins. In most cases, the condition is asymptomatic, although some individuals may report symptoms that include a burning sensation of the tongue.ObjectiveAssess whether there was a change in the clinical aspect of Geographic Tongue (GT) during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThirty-two participants were recruited from Dentistry School Universidade Federal Fluminense. Anamnesis and oral examination were performed to collect medical history. The participants were split into two groups: control group (no GT) n = 20 and test group (with GT) n = 12. In the second step, nine participants from a 12 (75%) of the test group were contacted by phone and answered a questionnaire about changes in the signs and symptoms of GT during the pandemic. The subjects were subdivided into two groups: GT with and without signs and symptoms exacerbation.ResultsIn the first phase of the research, no statistical difference between control and test groups was observed regarding clinical criteria such as age (p + 0.72), gender (p = 0.24), and systemic diseases (p = 0.58). In the second phase, there was a statistical difference between GT groups with or without symptom exacerbation in terms of age and stress as a factor of the oral symptoms (p = 0.3 and 0.2), respectively. Younger patients showed a worsening of the oral lesions related to GT (p = 0.3) and reported stress during the pandemic (p = 0.02).ConclusionYounger patients were more susceptible to stress and presented more exacerbation of the oral lesions related to GT.

Pentecostal Culture in Rio’s Peripheries: Graffiti and National Political Agency

In this article, I revisit the formulations of anthropologist Pierre Sanchis about "urban popular culture," with the aim of making comparisons with Pentecostal growth in the peripheries beginning in the 2000s. This growth has revealed comparisons between existing cultural references and new aesthetic and grammatical forms, with repercussions in social interactions, the economy, and local and supralocal politics. These observations are based on fieldwork conducted in Rio de Janeiro favelas. The empirical material that supports the analysis proposed here is also based on data from research conducted at the Universidade Federal Fluminense, which mapped worship places in Rio de Janeiro.

Business model and feasibility analysis for energy production as a self-producer by lease

The Electric Sector in Brazil is currently based on the presence of two markets for contracting energy. One available for access to all consumers only in the concession format, with contractual freedom and exclusive access by the government contracted for media consumption. These are respectively the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). In this last agent, among the other energy generators, the self-producer agent is defined, which has the right to generate energy for its own consumption. This configuration opens possibilities for media consumers, if the project is not regulated by a project that is not compatible with the market. Being a promising model, but recent in the market, it is necessary to define its general aspects, such as the aptitudes and costs of the enterprise, as well as to validate the economic viability of the model and its potential to reduce electricity costs. For this, applied research and a study of the Fluminense case will be presented, based on the values of the Federal University from a base and comparing them with market values for the new model. This article briefly presents aspects of the structuring of the Brazilian electricity sector, as well as the characteristics and differences of each contractual environment, such as the instruments of each market and its commercialization rules, in addition to the business model of self-production of energy of photovoltaic origin by asset leasing developed for Universidade Federal Fluminense to reduce electricity costs.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 11 No. 1

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2021, to February 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Christiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDastun Gabriel Msuya, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaDilek Kaya-Akyüzlü, Ankara University, TurkeyGiacomo Chiesa, Politecnico di Torino, ItalyHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseSyakir Amir Ab. Rahman, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTaina da Silva Rocha Paz, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil

Clinical-Homeopathic Profile in the Pediatric Ward at the University Hospital - Brazil

Background: In 2004, the deployment of Homeopathy in the pediatric ward at the University Hospital of Gaffrée Guinle – UNIRIO (HUGG at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro) was initiated in conjunction with both the Pediatric and Homeopathy Service. A research project approved by the HUGG Ethics and Research Committee was prepared to survey the most prevalent diseases. A team composed of medical students and doctors participating in the homeopathy course was formed and underwent training, enabling them to use the established protocols of action. A partnership was established with the Fluminense Federal University(Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF), for the supply of drugs. In early 2009, the research project started, followed by homeopathic treatment in the pediatric ward.
 
 Aim: To demonstrate the diseases and treatment using homeopathic therapy on patients in the pediatric ward at the HUGG-UNIRIO-Brazil.
 
 Methodology: A sectional clinical study was carried out on patients participating in a research approved and registered by the Brazilian Research Ethics Committee, named,"The study of the effect of Homeopathic Treatment as an Adjunct Therapy on patients Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of HUGG". Criteria of Inclusion: Newborns up to the age of 16 of both sexes were admitted to the pediatric ward of HUGG, from May to October 2009. The diagnosis for admission being: respiratory, gastrointestinal and/or dermatologic diseases. A consent form had to be accepted and signed by the person responsible. Inclusion depended on the availability of having the appropriate homeopathic medicine in stock. Criteria of Exclusion: Cases of discontinuation of the homeopathic treatment or medical records not completed correctly. The medical records were analyzed individually. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used for data collection and analysis.
 
 Results: 32 patients admitted: 80% treated with Homeopathy; Diagnosis for admission: 73% respiratory, 11.5% dermatological, 4% gastrointestinal and 11.5% other diseases (malnutrition, adenomegaly, eyelid edema); 37% had secondary diseases. An average of 4.7 medicaments (min 01-max09) was used per patient, 31% repeated the medication in two different dinamizations. “Diagnosis for admission and medication used”: a) respiratory: 79% Pulmao histaminum, 32% Antimonium tartaricum, 21% Natrum sulfuricum, 21% Sambucus nigra, 16% Ipecacuanha, 16% Nux vomica, 16% Medorrhinum; b) dermatological: 100% Apis mellifica, 33% Dulcamara, 33% Mezereum, 33% Psorinum, 33% Rhus toxicodendron, 33% Alumina; c) gastrointestinal: 100% Ipecacuanha, 50% Gambogia, 50% Alumina. Dinamizations used: 5, 6, 12, 30 and 200CH, and 200FC. 55.5% of the medication used were only local effect medicines, 45.5% of the medication used were in association with the general effect medicines.
 
 Conclusion: The need to use several homeopathic medicines was obseved. The practice of inpatients was shown to be similar to the emergency outpatient when using medicine for local effect and medicine for general effect. Due to the positive results obtained with homeopathy, patients not initially foreseen in the research were included in this study on demand from parents or persons responsible for the children. This study demonstrates the need for a greater number of patients to allow the creation of prescription protocols and case-control studies to identify the most effective homeopathic prescription techniques.

Synthetic biology as a tool to online teaching undergraduate level molecular biology.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, all on-campus activities were required to be adapted to a distance-learning format, which was especially challenging for practical courses. Molecular biology is a mandatory course for biology undergraduates at Universidade Federal Fluminense. To overcome the impossibility of practical activities, we proposed problem-solving synthetic biology assignments to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired in the molecular biology course. A survey indicated that the synthetic biology challenges were effective to promote students' active learning and worked as a proper substitute to the practical classes.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 10 No. 4

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from August 1, 2021, to November 1, 2021. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Aristotulus Ernst Tungka, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, IndonesiaChristiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDastun Gabriel Msuya, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseNuralam Hossain, Chongqing University, ChinaOylum Gokkurt Baki, Sinop University, TurkeyPankaj Maheshwari, College of Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USATateda Masafumi, Toyama Prefectural University, Japan

Epidermal Growth Factor Is Associated with Loss of Mucosae Sealing and Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and receptor (EGFR) levels in different clinical stages of dental implant rehabilitation and trace mucositis development’s biological profile. Thirty-six participants from the Specialization in Implant Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil, were included in the study and underwent sample collection: inside the alveolar socket, immediately before implant placement (Group 1, n = 10); at the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) during reopening (Group 2, n = 10); PICF from healthy peri-implant in function (Group 3, n = 8); and PICF from mucositis sites (Group 4, n = 18). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluated EGF/EGFR gene expression using the SYBR Green Master Mix detection system. The results showed that EGF expression in the peri-implant crevicular fluid was statistically different. There was a higher EGF expression for group C (peri-implant health) (p = 0.04) than for the other groups. Regarding EGFR, there was no statistical difference among the groups (p = 0.56). It was concluded that low levels of EGF gene expression in the peri-implant crevicular fluid are related to the development of peri-implant mucositis and the absence of mucosae sealing. There was no correlation between EGFR gene expression with health or mucositis.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 10 No. 3

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2021, to August 1, 2021. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adriano Magliocco, University of Genoa, ItalyAristotulus Ernst Tungka, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, IndonesiaChristiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDastun Gabriel Msuya, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaGiacomo Chiesa, Politecnico di Torino, ItalyJephias Mapuva, Bindura University, ZimbabweJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseMd. Nuralam Hossain, Chongqing University, ChinaOylum Gokkurt Baki, Sinop University, TurkeyPankaj Maheshwari, University of Nevada, USATateda Masafumi, Toyama Prefectural University, Japan