The paper analyzes the core telecommunications regulatory framework at European Union (EU) level which has been put in place since the beginning of the 1990s. We find lack of support by Member States of the European Commission’‘s liberalization program in several areas, including Member States’ resistance to rapid liberalization, cost orientation, an effective EU-wide licensing system, pro-competitive numbering policy (carrier selection), as well as EU-wide harmonized interconnection rules and universal service obligations. We also identify a number of shortcomings of European Commission measures, especially in the areas of price regulation, interconnection rules and licensing policy. To overcome these inefficiencies, we recommend the establishment of an independent European Regulatory Authorities (ERA) that is comprised of representatives from National Regulatory Authorities.