Background Rotavirus (RV) vaccination is the best strategy to prevent hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and is strongly recommended by international health authority [1]. The Sicilian Health Department introduced rotavirus universal mass vaccination (RUMV) into regional immunizations schedule in 2013 (mean vaccination coverage = 31%). Intussusception is the invagination of one segment of the intestine within a more distal segment and even though the etiology is still unknown, in 1998, a relationship with a tetravalent rotavirus vaccine that was promptly withdrawn was suggested [2]. Post licensure surveillance studies have not confirmed previous findings and no increased risk of intussusception was found between vaccinated infants with both of the actually licensed rotavirus vaccines [3,4]. Aim of this study is to analyze the trend of RVGE hospitalizations and contextually to monitor the trend of intussusception in Sicily from 2009 to 2013 after one year of RUMV.