Universal Link Research Articles

Correlation-induced viscous dissipation in concentrated electrolytes.

Electrostatic correlations between ions dissolved in water are known to impact their transport properties in numerous ways, from conductivity to ion selectivity. The effects of these correlations on the solvent itself remain, however, much less clear. In particular, the addition of salt has been consistently reported to affect the solution's viscosity, but most modeling attempts fail to reproduce experimental data even at moderate salt concentrations. Here, we use an approach based on stochastic density functional theory, which accurately captures charge fluctuations and correlations. We derive a simple analytical expression for the viscosity correction in concentrated electrolytes, by directly linking it to the liquid's structure factor. Our prediction compares quantitatively to experimental data at all temperatures and all salt concentrations up to the saturation limit. This universal link between the microscopic structure and viscosity allows us to shed light on the nanoscale dynamics of water and ions under highly concentrated and correlated conditions.

Design of an Intelligent Algorithm for Rural Antique Ceramic Bottom Pattern

The style of ancient ceramics has always been one of the most important factors affecting the sales of antique ceramic products. Although it has certain rules, due to the complexity of current product design and the limitations of designers in the design process, intelligent algorithms are needed to assist in design. In response to the diversity of intelligent design solutions for antique ceramic products, this paper proposes a research method for antique ceramic product design based on AGCGAN. Combining with the universal links in the process of intelligent product design, a generative adversarial network is used to learn the rules of excellent product design samples, and the generator generation scheme is obtained. Then, through the constructed design scheme filter, the generation scheme is filtered according to the requirements, and a design scheme generation system with certain reference value is constructed.

Children infer the behavioral contexts of unfamiliar foreign songs.

Music commonly appears in behavioral contexts in which it can be seen as playing a functional role, as when a parent sings a lullaby with the goal of soothing a baby. Humans readily make inferences, based on the sounds they hear, regarding the behavioral contexts associated with music. These inferences tend to be accurate, even if the songs are in foreign languages or unfamiliar musical idioms; upon hearing a Blackfoot lullaby, a Korean listener with no experience of Blackfoot music, language, or broader culture is far more likely to judge the music's function as "used to soothe a baby" than "used for dancing". Are such inferences shaped by musical exposure or does the human mind naturally detect links between musical form and function of these kinds? Children's developing experience of music provides a clear test of this question. We studied musical inferences in a large sample of children recruited online (N = 5,033), who heard dance, lullaby, and healing songs from 70 world cultures and who were tasked with guessing the original behavioral context in which each was performed. Children reliably inferred the original behavioral contexts with only minimal improvement in performance from the youngest (age 4) to the oldest (age 16), providing little evidence for an effect of experience. Children's inferences tightly correlated with those of adults for the same songs, as collected from a similar online experiment (N = 98,150). Moreover, similar acoustical features were predictive of the inferences of both samples. These findings suggest that accurate inferences about the behavioral contexts of music, driven by universal links between form and function in music across cultures, do not always require extensive musical experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Селективные свойства двухрезонаторных структур и высокоизбирательные фильтры на их основе

An increase in the frequency selectivity of microstrip filters is traditionally achieved by forming transient response zeros at final frequencies. In this case, the specified requirements for the selectivity of filters are provided with a smaller number of resonators, and, consequently, lower loss es in the passband are achieved in more compact structures. Thus, the effectiveness of this approach to the synthesis of microstrip filters is determined by the number of transient response zeros that can potentially be formed in various structures. One way to form damping transient response zeros is to introduce additional cross-couplings between non-adjacent resonators. However, when synthesizing highly selective filters based on such widely used N-resonator structures, a limited number of transient response zeros equal to N-2 is formed. At the same time, two-resonator structures are known in which a much larger number of transient response zeros is formed, which is several times greater than the number of resonators in them. However, each of these structures has its own specific frequency-selective properties, which limits the scope of their wide application as universal links. The aim of this work is the synthesis of highly selective two-cavity structures with various types of frequency characteristics, which expands the scope of such structures. The frequency properties of microstrip two-resonator structures of a new type, which have broad functionality and increased frequency selectivity, are studied. It is shown that in multistage structures on two half-wave hairpin resonators, under certain conditions, a significant number of transient response zeros is formed, which is two to three times greater than the number of resonators in the filter, and parasitic transmission bands also degenerate. Depending on the ratio of the coefficients of electromagnetic interaction in different sections of the length of the coupled resonators, they acquire the properties of both single-band and multi-band bandpass filters, as well as low-pass filters. The noted features predetermine the possibility of wide application of these structures as both independent compact filters and basic units as part of higher-order filters with a significantly limited number of resonators. The results of electrodynamic 3D modeling and experimental studies of the proposed structures are presented, which are in good agreement.

Influence of CAD/CAM Abutment Heights on the Biomechanical Behavior of Zirconia Single Crowns

The biomechanical behavior of the universal link (titanium base) prosthetic abutment with different heights in implant-supported restorations was evaluated. Forty regular implants (4 × 10 mm) in titanium were used, divided into two groups according to the abutment height (n = 20): 4.5 × 4 mm (short) and 4.5 × 5.5 mm (long). Using CAD/CAM technology, zirconia crowns were milled and cemented onto the prosthetic abutments. Half of the specimens were submitted to the initial maximum fracture load test in a universal testing machine. The long abutments presented fracture load (41.1 ± 6.96 kgf) statistically similar to the short abutments (49.5 ± 7.68 kgf). The other half of the specimens were submitted to mechanical cycling (2,000,000 cycles, 2 Hz with a stainless-steel antagonist with a diameter of 1.6 mm), following ISO 14801:2007. Subsequently, the survival of the specimens was evaluated using the survival analysis function, Kaplan–Meier and Mentel–Cox (log- rank) (p < 0.05). The finite element analysis was performed in similar conditions to those used for the in vitro test through computer-aided engineering software (version 19.2, ANSYS Inc., Houston, TX, USA). The biomechanical behavior of both models was similar regardless of the evaluated structure of the set. It was concluded that both short and long abutment presents promising fatigue behavior and stress distribution for use in long-term implant-supported restorations.

Dynamics of binary systems to fourth Post-Minkowskian order from the effective field theory approach

We present the contribution from potential interactions to the dynamics of non-spinning binaries to fourth Post-Minkowskian (4PM) order. This is achieved by computing the scattering angle to O(G4) using the effective field theory approach and deriving the bound radial action through analytic continuation. We reconstruct the Hamiltonian and center-of-mass momentum in an isotropic gauge. The (three-loop) integrals involved in our calculation are computed via differential equations, including a sector yielding elliptic integrals. Using the universal link between potential and tail terms, we also report: i) The instantaneous energy flux at O(G3); ii) The contribution to the 4PM unbound/bound radial action(s) depending on logarithms of the binding energy; iii) The (scheme-independent) logarithmic contribution to the 4PM non-local tail Hamiltonian for circular orbits. Our results in the potential region are in agreement with the recent derivation from scattering amplitudes. We also find perfect agreement in the overlap with the state-of-the-art in Post-Newtonian theory.

The comparative energetics of the chondrichthyans reveals universal links between respiration, reproduction and lifespan

The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 200 out of over 1100 extant species of chondrichthyans. This milestone in the compilation of data for this group led us to investigate: (1) do the characteristics that we reported in 2014 for 20 chondrichthyan species, relative to other fish, still hold (2) are novel patterns in properties revealed given the additional data and (3) do the four chondrichthyan subgroups (galean, squaleans, rays and chimaeras) differ in properties? We argue that a better understanding of these properties is key to sustainable management of the rapidly dwindling populations worldwide. Most of the inter-specific scatter in ultimate reproduction rate as function of ultimate body weight stems from differences in the mass of neonates as fraction of that of the mother, which is very high in chondrichthyans. The ultimate neonate mass production is found to be proportional to the ultimate respiration rate, with proportionality factor of 10 g/mol. The lifespan is found to be inversely proportional to weight-specific respiration, with a proportionality factor of 0.1 mol/g. The ultimate weight equals the life-time cumulated neonate mass production. These relationships also apply, with more scatter, to all 3000 animal species in the AmP collection. Sharks and rays were found to be more demand-species, contrary to ray-finned fish and chimaeras, which are supply species. Chimaeras also have that smallest weight at birth and precociality coefficient, compared to sharks and rays. Galeans grow much slower than squaleans and rays, but the chimaeras grow even slower. The lifespan equals 25 times the incubation time for chondrichthyans, but they are rather unique in this respect. Last but not least, we discuss the odd implications of recently published data on the energetics of the Greenland shark.

Quantum phase transition from superconducting to insulating-like state in a pressurized cuprate superconductor

Copper oxide superconductors continue to fascinate the communities of condensed matter physics and material sciences because they host the highest ambient-pressure superconducting transition temperature and unconventional electronic behaviour that are not fully explained1–3. Searching for universal links between the superconducting state and its normal metallic state is believed to be an effective approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism of superconductivity. One of the common expectations for copper oxide superconductors is that a metallic phase will appear after the superconductivity is entirely suppressed by chemical doping4–8 or the application of a magnetic field9. Here we report the first observation of a quantum phase transition from a superconducting state to an insulating-like state as a function of pressure in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) superconductors with two CuO2 planes in a unit cell for doping below, at and above a level that achieves the highest transition temperature. We also find the same phenomenon in related compounds with a single CuO2 plane as well as three CuO2 planes in a unit cell. This apparently universal phenomenon poses a challenge for achieving a unified understanding of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.

Grid and PV Fed Uninterruptible Induction Motor Drive Implementation and Measurements

Motors powered directly from solar panels are becoming more and more popular in pump applications. However, solar panels can be the source of operational issues due to varying irradiance, ambient temperature, weather. This paper shows how it is worth expanding a solar induction motor drive to provide an uninterrupted flow of electricity to the motor. In addition, the main components of the uninterruptible induction motor drive are presented, including the LLC (inductor-inductor-capacitor) converter, the three-phase inverter, and the three-phase rectifier. LLC converters that can increase the voltage from 25–40 V to 330 V cannot be bought directly from manufacturers. Therefore, a custom LLC converter was made for the research. It was necessary to build a custom converter to avoid the use of solar panel strings. This way, solar panels connected in parallel can be used. A low-voltage (25–40 V) supply was implemented from the solar side, while the induction motor requires 230 V AC three-phase voltage in delta connection. For this reason, a voltage boost is required from the low voltage side. The grid feeds the universal DC link through the three-phase rectifier. This allows the motor to consume varying amounts of electricity from the grid or the solar panel. The study also presents in detail the LLC converter that performs the voltage boost. Measuring the entire motor drive, switching transients and efficiencies can be observed at different input voltages for different supplies as well as loads.

From solo to duet, intersections of natural product assembly with self-resistance.

Covering: up to 2021Self-resistance mechanisms adopted by natural product producers have long been recognized and studied as a standalone system separated from the assembly machinery. However, as more examples of self-resistance have been characterized in detail, it has been revealed that self-resistance could associate with the assembly machinery to fulfill the task of biosynthesis. This review summarizes different self-resistance mechanisms showing a common feature: intersection with natural product assembly. Furthermore, their possible evolutionary origin and synthetic biology applications are discussed.

ПЕРФУЗІЙНА ДИСФУНКЦІЯ ПРИ ГОСТРОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ НАПРЯМКИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА СТРАТИФІКАЦІЇ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ

Introduction. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system that require hospitalization. To date, the problem of stratification and differential diagnosis of AP in the early stages remains unresolved, which encourages the search for new methods of diagnosis and prediction of the severity of AP. Aim. To evaluate the possibility of creating a clinically oriented system of stratification and prognosis of AP on the basis of dynamic changes in microcirculation depending on the duration of the disease and severity of AP. Materials and methods. Assessment of the state of microcirculation (MC) of patients by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was performed with the “LAKK-02” device. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance and the median test were used to test statistical hypotheses when comparing independent samples. Pairwise comparison of independent samples was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The study determined the indicators of MC in patients with different AP severity degrees on the first day of the disease. The microcirculation parameter (MP) in patients with mild, moderate, and severe AP was 3.9; 3.8 and 6.8 perfusion units (p.u.), respectively. The blood flow modulation rate (ơ) was 0.52; 0.54 and 0.69 p.u. in mild, moderate, and severe AP. In our study, the coefficient of variation (Kv) averaged 17.3%; 20.0% and 11.7% in patients with mild, moderate, and severe AP, respectively. Conclusions. LDF in AP is an informative method of diagnosing the state of MC, which is a universal link in all pathophysiological reactions of the organism. Changes of MC in AP depend on the severity of AP and the period of the disease. The pathophysiological microcirculatory phenomena, revealed on the first day of the disease, provide us with the perspectives of early clinical distinguishing the moderate and severe forms of AP from the so-called group of “destructive forms”.

Intermediaries and Asset Prices: International Evidence since 1870

Abstract We study data on commercial banks and securities firms across multiple countries since 1870. Balance sheet expansion of leveraged intermediaries negatively predicts returns of stocks, bonds, currencies, and housing. The predictability is stronger at shorter horizons, is robust to macroeconomic controls, and holds outside distress periods, in contrast to models featuring nonlinearities during distress. Intermediaries in global financial centers predict international equity returns. A new data set on individual stock holdings of Japanese intermediaries since 1955 shows intermediaries affect returns of stocks directly held. Our results suggest a strong universal link between intermediaries and asset returns distinct from macroeconomic channels.

Staggered Field in Quantum Antiferromagnetic S = 1/2 Spin Chain Probed by High-Frequency EPR (the Case of Doped CuGeO3)

The flashback of the investigation of CuGeO3 doped with magnetic impurities carried out by high-frequency EPR brings to light physics still actual for one-dimensional S = 1/2 quantum spin chains and covering a vast area from disorder-driven quantum critical phenomena to a new type of magnetic oscillations. It is shown that a key opening the door for a better understanding of this field of research is the Oshikawa and Affleck (OA) theory and, especially, following from it the universal link between the line width and g factor. The most puzzling problem appears around the staggered field, which contributes to different physical properties and serves as a driving force in the onset of anomalous growth of the line width and g factor at low temperatures. Accent is made on unsolved problems still providing a challenge for the theoretical explanation, including the genesis of the staggered field in doped systems, the contribution of the staggered magnetization to the integrated intensity, and spin susceptibility of a Griffiths phase and its magnetic properties on the nanoscale. A new type of magnetic oscillations, having explanation neither in OA theory nor within the framework of the semi-classical magnetization motion, is described in detail. This experimental finding poses the most difficult case and a touchstone for theory, as long as the corresponding modes of magnetic oscillations may be likely treated as violating Landau–Lifshits equation of motion.

The Universal Link between Higher Education and Pro-Market Values

Does education promote support for liberal economic views? We show in a large cross-section of countries that in almost all cases those with higher educational attainment are more pro-market and less sympathetic to economic regulation than those who have less formal education. This is true in countries with high support for markets and in those with high distrust of markets and strong support for government regulation. Fixed-effect models show that respondents’ education is negatively related to support for state economic activities. When considering Russian micro data, we observe that whether we confine ourselves to older people educated in the Soviet period or compare the results to a sample from the post-Soviet generation, we consistently find that those with more education are relatively less supportive of market regulation. Different models also show that parental education is a positive predictor of pro-market values.

Aesthetic Image Statistics Vary with Artistic Genre.

Research to date has not found strong evidence for a universal link between any single low-level image statistic, such as fractal dimension or Fourier spectral slope, and aesthetic ratings of images in general. This study assessed whether different image statistics are important for artistic images containing different subjects and used partial least squares regression (PLSR) to identify the statistics that correlated most reliably with ratings. Fourier spectral slope, fractal dimension and Shannon entropy were estimated separately for paintings containing landscapes, people, still life, portraits, nudes, animals, buildings and abstracts. Separate analyses were performed on the luminance and colour information in the images. PLSR fits showed shared variance of up to 75% between image statistics and aesthetic ratings. The most important statistics and image planes varied across genres. Variation in statistics may reflect characteristic properties of the different neural sub-systems that process different types of image.

GASTROINTESTINAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME IN INTENSIVE CARE OF NEWBORN: LITERATURE REVIEW

The research analytical study of scientific publications in Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar databases for the period from 2008 to 2018 was conducted. Modern views on the course of critical states are increasingly considering this process as the uniform mechanism with universal pathogenetic links that lead to the formation of multiple organ lesions, including the digestive system lesions. The contingent of newborns is the patients of high risk of this syndrome occurrence. The frequency of gastrointestinal insufficiency in neonatology makes 80%. The anatomical and functional features of newborns contribute to the development of the syndrome of gastrointestinal insufficiency. There is no clear classification, diagnostic and treatment algorithm of this syndrome. The residual stomach volume measurements when feeding, the abdominal circumference and intraabdominal pressure measurements are used as markers of gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome in newborns. The additional methods are available X-ray, dopplerographia, electrogastrographia, manometria, phonenterographia, the studies of the fatty-acid-binding proteins, zonulin, β-defensins, calprotectin. The therapy of the gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome in newborns include the evacuation of pathological intestinal content, detoxification, stimulation of intestinal motility, elimination of mesenteric blood flow violations, restoration of the intestinal microbiota, adequate energoplastic and cyto-energy homeostasis.

Occupations, workplaces or jobs?: An exploration of stratification contexts using administrative data

Occupations have long been held by sociologists, from the older status attainment tradition to the more recent micro-class tradition, to be at the center of stratification writ large. Occupations are specifically argued to be central to shaping wages. Indeed, this has been understood as the comparative advantage of sociology relative to economics in understanding wage setting. However, an undercurrent has for decades existed in sociology that suggests other contexts, mainly workplaces and jobs, may be as important if not more important stratification contexts. Until recently data with the capacity to simultaneously assess all three contexts has been virtually non-existent. In this paper we use administrative data from five countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, and South Korea) to assess the relative contributions of occupations, establishments, and jobs to wages. Our core finding is that there is no universal link between occupations and wages, with occupations explaining between 30 and 56 % of wage variance across country-years. As well, in all countries except Finland establishments explain more of the variance in wages than do occupations. Jobs and establishment figure prominently in the social organization of wages, and must be included in theoretical models and whenever possible in empirical analyses of social stratification.

Two-stage rejuvenation and the correlation between rejuvenation behavior and the boson heat capacity peak of a bulk metallic glass

The influence of severe plastic deformation on the rejuvenation behavior and the boson heat capacity peak of a Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass is investigated for as-cast and pre-annealed states. Deformation by high-pressure torsion leads to a two-stage rejuvenation behavior, quantified by the structural enthalpy and fictive temperature, in coincidence with a strongly enhanced excess heat capacity at low temperatures, quantified by the boson peak height. Correlations between structural enthalpy, fictive temperature and the boson peak height were analyzed. The results show that the boson peak is not only related to the structural enthalpy but associated with the so-called “overshoot” of the glass transition. A universal link is established between the fictive temperature and the boson peak height, even under the joint influence of deformation and heat treatment. The significance of this link is that it sheds light on the structural connection between high-temperature relaxation and low-temperature excess vibrational density of states.

Endothelial dysfunction: from the particular to the general. Return to the «Old Paradigm»?

The vascular endothelium is a heterogeneous structure with diverse functions, being an active metabolic system. Endothelial cells mediate inflammatory and immune processes, regulate leukocyte adhesion, permeability and vascular tone, participate in the hemostasis system, stimulate the processes of angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction can initiate individual disorders, but more often it is a universal link in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Currently, endothelial dysfunction is presented as an imbalance between the production of vasodilating, angioprotective, antiproliferative factors, on the one hand, and vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic, proliferative factors, on the other hand. The manifestations of endothelial dysfunction, the direction and severity of these changes may vary depending on the disease. The review provides examples of combined endothelial disorders in the most studied and common diseases (essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes, systemic diseases of the connective tissue, atherosclerosis, and malignant tumors). Despite the presence of rare cases of isolated endothelial dysfunction, it can be argued that in the absolute majority of diseases, endothelial dysfunction has combined type of violations. The allocation of individual endothelial disorder spectra, typical for a specific disease, is problematic, due to the universality and nonspecificity of the manifestations of endothelial dysfunction. These conclusions allow us to return to the origins of this problem, considering endothelial dysfunction as a holistic concept, not limited to a certain range of its disorders.

Intermittent Rejuvenation and the Correlation between Rejuvenation Behavior and the Boson Heat Capacity Peak of a Bulk Metallic Glass

The influence of severe plastic deformation on the rejuvenation behavior and the boson heat capacity peak of a Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass is investigated for as-cast and pre-annealed states. Deformation by high-pressure torsion leads to an intermittent rejuvenation behavior, quantified by the structural enthalpy and fictive temperature, in coincidence with a strongly enhanced excess heat capacity at low temperatures, quantified by the boson peak height. Correlations between structural enthalpy, fictive temperature and the boson peak height were analyzed. The results show that the boson peak is not only related to the structural enthalpy but associated with the so-called overshoot of the glass transition. A universal link is established between the fictive temperature and the boson peak height, even under the joint influence of deformation and heat treatment. The significance of this link is that it sheds light on the structural connection between high-temperature relaxation and low-temperature excess vibrational density of states.