Universal Features Research Articles

The Analysıs Of Relatıonshıp Between Crıme and Poverty For The Test Of Culture Of Poverty In Turkey

In the culture of poverty approach, it is argued that the poor form a subculture. Crime is common in this subculture. It is claimed that there is a strong link between poverty and crime. In the culture of poverty approach, it is argued that the poor are considered as potential criminals. It is pointed out that an approach that sees the poor as potential criminals will be biased. It is a basic assumption that the culture of poverty is universal. In other words, the relationship between poverty and crime is expected to be similar in every part of the world. The starting point in the preparation of this study is to test the validity of the universal claim in the culture of poverty approach. The analyzes carried out with the 2019 TURKSTAT data supported that the relationship between poverty and crime in Turkey is very limited, and that it is seen in a few types of crime. However, it was expected that there would be a relationship between crime and poverty in many more types of crime. Therefore, Turkey cannot provide serious evidence for the poverty and crime relationship of the culture of poverty approach. This reinforces that the culture of poverty approach does not have a universal feature.

METRO-RHYTHMIC PARAMETERS OF A POETIC TEXT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF TEXTS WRITTEN BY SPANISH AND RUSSIAN AUTHORS)

Statement of a problem. The objective of the study is a phased analysis of the formal features of a poetic text using a psycholinguistic approach. The poetic text is considered as a special form of emotionally colored speech. The main goal is to determine the universal and nationally specific features in the metro - rhythmic organization of Spanish and Russian poetic texts. Results: The data on the metro - rhythmic organization of Spanish and Russian poetic texts is presented. Based on the classical meters of Greek and Roman poetry, the ways of the formation of national poetic Russian and Spanish traditions are additionally considered. Along with universal features, national-specific features are highlighted. Approaches to the consideration of poetic meters used in Spanish poetic texts, as well as the transition to syllabo-tonic in Russian versification are described. Conclusion. The main conclusion from the presented study can be considered the identification of nationally specific features, consisting of the use of classical meters in certain poetic genres and the formation of mixed genres. As a linguistically significant conclusion about the preference in the use of meters, the authors put forward the ratio of speech rhythm to the meter in national poetry.

Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Based on Universal Feature Extraction and Selection

Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Based on Universal Feature Extraction and Selection

Transformation in Pashto Language An Analysis of Pashto Phrases and Sentences

Transformation is a significant area of research that focuses on how language users utilise knowledge of their language (s) to generate different surface structures from the same deep structure. The study aims to describe how different surface structures are generated from the deep structure and how Pashto speakers use different transformational processes to generate various constructions from a single construction. The study is qualitative in nature, using qualitative data and analysing it qualitatively. The untested sentences selected based on the researcher’s general observation served as the study’s data. Transformational Generative Grammar theory was used as a theoretical framework for the study. The study confirmed that the speakers of Pashto construct new structures from a deep structure using all the transformational processes found in English. The transformational processes the Pashto speakers use are merging, movement, insertion, and deletion. The study supports Noam Chomsky’s view that languages share some universal features.

Health prognostics of lithium-ion batteries based on universal voltage range features mining and adaptive multi-Gaussian process regression with Harris Hawks optimization algorithm

In the field of battery prognostics and health management (PHM), accurate State-of-Health (SOH) estimation is important for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To improve the applicability and accuracy of the SOH estimation model, a new SOH estimation framework is proposed. Firstly, considering the different usage habits of users, to meet the needs of more users, a new health indicator (HI) was put forward, which involves only a small universal voltage range of charging data. Secondly, to alleviate the negative impact of the inherent cell inconsistency on SOH estimation accuracy, an adaptive Multi-Gaussian Process Regression model based on Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO-MGPR) was proposed. The core idea is to use the HHO algorithm to automatically generate the optimal training subset combination for multiple GPR base learners so as to improve the model generalization ability. Finally, four open-source datasets with different battery types, temperature and operating conditions are employed for performance validation. The experimental results show that in all cases, the proposed HI can effectively characterize the battery degradation and the developed HHO-MGPR can improve the model generalization ability, indicating the proposed framework has wide applicability.

‘Feeling’ and Metaphysics in Whitehead

For someone who knows the history of Western metaphysics, it is entirely unexpected to hear that Whitehead’s metaphysics contains as one of its fundamental pieces the concept of ‘feeling.’ This could work if one envisages a metaphysics of the human being but not metaphysics in general. In my paper, I show what sinuous ways Western metaphysics had to follow so that ‘feeling' could be postulated as a universal feature of all entities in the universe and why ‘feeling’ is a sine qua non condition in conceptualizing the ‘actual occasion.’

Metaphors for Očaj ‘Despair’ in Croatian

This study examines the role of metaphor in the conceptualization of očaj ‘despair’ based on the Croatian corpus hrWaC. The study also considers some non-figurative aspects. Employing “metaphorical pattern analysis” (Stefanowitsch 2006) and MIP (Pragglejaz Group 2007) methods, the paper scrutinizes corpus examples that contain the target-domain word očaj ‘despair’, looking for metaphorical patterns. These patterns were extracted from a random sample of 1,000 citations and additional corpus citations that were retrieved based on a list of collocation candidates. The analysis shows that the metaphorical conceptualization of očaj ‘despair’ in Croatian in the data examined relates to approximately forty source domains, out of which the most frequently utilized is container, followed by object. The source domains identified in the conceptualization of očaj illustrate similarities between the metaphors for očaj in Croatian and those identified for sadness and depression in various languages, and point toward universal features of metaphorical conceptualization of some emotions and emotional states.

The role of professional culture in the formation of future pedagogues of vocational education

The analysis of scientific works proved that, in general, the concept of “culture”, as a terminological unit, acquires various “specialist” or so-called “professional” colours in various fields of scientific research. It was revealed that the concept of “professional culture” is understudied in the system of training future teachers of professional education. The aim of the study was to determine the essence of the professional culture of future pedagogues of vocational training based on the specifics of the professional activity of a specialist in the field of “Vocational Education (Design)”. The author’s understanding of the essence of the professional culture of future pedagogues of professional training in the field of design is formulated, based on the general understanding of the concept of “professional culture” in the following interpretation: it is a specific subsystem of general culture, a systemic and holistic unity of cultural and social experience regarding the ways and means of interaction between generations, socio-cultural and value traditions professional activity and personal achievements of mankind. The professional culture of future pedagogues of professional training in the field of design is interpreted as follows: it is a specific type of professional and pedagogical culture, a universal (basic) characteristic of pedagogical reality, which reflects (decodes) specific markers of pedagogical activity and functions in the plane of both pedagogical (educational, didactic, developmental) and purely professional (design, construction, project, technological) self-realization of the teacher as a specialist and subject of professional activity.

Do Social Sciences and Humanities Speak the Language for Specific Purposes? A Look at Archaeological Texts


 The unbreakable bond between language and scientific thought has incarnated into a special way of using general language, which we call language for specific purposes. It is thanks to this language that articulation of observations, conceptual and semantic constitution of scientific fields and exchange of new knowledge are possible. Language for specific purposes is not a new system of signs, rather it uses all the linguistic resources contained within general language, from which it is inseparable. Its peculiarity lies in the frequency and the specific ways of using lexicon and morphosyntactic structures, especially the ones which help it approach the ideal of precision and brevity of expression. In the first part of the paper, in addition to the detailed definition of the concept of language for specific purposes, we analyze which language is necessary for scientific purposes, whether or not scientists understand one another and if there are any universal characteristics of language for specific purposes. The second part of the paper is devoted to a smaller study with the goal of questioning some general traits of the language of archeology, performed on a group of abstracts originally written in the Serbian language.

Sivil Toplum Kuruluşuna Bağlı Sığınmaevinde Kalan Şartlı Mülteci Kadınların Göç, Şiddet ve Evsiz Kalma Deneyimleri

At the intersection of structural factors such as patriarchy, globalization, racism, and categories like age, ethnicity, language, religion, social capital, and immigration status, women experience various phenomena of discrimination and inequality. Although the effects of violence against women have universal characteristics, social categories such as education, marital status, ethnicity, and social capital differentiate women’s experiences. This study aims to analyze the migration, violence, and homelessness experiences of women staying in a shelter as conditional refugees in Istanbul. Shelters are places where women who are exposed to violence and deprived of social support stay. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 women staying in this shelter and 4 themes were discovered: “women’s experiences of violence”, “divorce processes and social violence”, “the process of coming to the association, identity and employment problems in the struggle to set up a new life”, and “future expectations”. It was found that women experience all sorts of partner violence as well as violence of immigration, their families apply social violence during divorce periods, shelters which provide rights-based social services help women in post-divorce processes, and women’s experiences differ at the intersection of their future expectations and social categories such as health, age, education, occupation, and immigration status. The main suggestions of this study include increasing rights-based social services for women, and gender, ethnicity, and culture-sensitive practices.

Humic substances as electron acceptor for anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and electron shuttle in Mn (IV)-dependent AOM

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) belonging to the family Methanoperedenaceae are crucial for the global carbon cycle and different biogeochemical processes, owing to their metabolic versatility to couple anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with different electron acceptors. A universal feature of Methanoperedenaceae is the abundant genes encoded in their genomes associated with extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways. Candidatus. ‘Methanoperedens manganicus’, an archaeon belonging to the family Methanoperedenaceae, was recently enriched in a bioreactor performing AOM coupled with Mn (IV) reduction. Using this EET-capable ANME, we tested the hypothesis in this study that ANME can catalyse the humic-dependent AOM for growth. A two-year incubation showed that AOM activity can be sustained by Ca. ‘M. manganicus’ consortium in a bioreactor fed only with humic acids and methane. An isotopic mass balance batch test confirmed that the observed AOM was coupled to the reduction of humic acids. The increase of relative abundance of Ca. ‘M. manganicus’, and the total archaea population in the microbial community suggested that Ca. ‘M. manganicus’ can grow on methane and humic acids. The observation of humic-dependent AOM led to a subsequent hypothesis that humic acids could be used as the electron shuttle to mediate the EET in dissimilatory Mn (IV) reduction by Ca. ‘M. manganicus’. We tested this hypothesis by adding humic acids to a Ca. ‘M. manganicus’ dominated-culture, which showed that the AOM rate was doubled by the addition of humic acids. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that quinone moieties were consumed when humic acids worked as electron acceptors while remaining stable when functioning as a shuttle for electron transfer. The results of our study suggest that humic acids may serve as electron shuttles to allow ANME to access more electron acceptors through long-range EET.

Ideology in Critical Discourse Study: A Review of Literature

Ideology is one of the most crucial concepts in Critical Discourse Study (CDS). This article systematically reviews relevant literature to the definition of ideology, research models of ideology, and language-based ideology studies from the perspective of CDS. It also provides implications for further research in this field, with the aim of promoting the development of CDS as well as ideology study. It can be found that in the field of CDS, ideology has the characteristics of universality and neutrality. It does not have derogatory meanings or specificity, but rather a characteristic that any language user inevitably carries in language use. At present, there are mainly five models for ideological analysis from the perspective of CDS, namely Fairclough’s Three-Dimension Framework, Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach, van Dijk’s Socio-cognitive Model, Chilton’s Cognitive Critical Analysis Model and Thompson’s Methodological Framework of Depth Hermeneutics. Ideology is often subtly hidden in discourse in specific language forms, requiring readers to consciously decode them, and the decoding process can also be seen as the process of ideological reproduction. Lexical and syntactic choices, transitivity, and modality in language use can be effectively used for ideological analysis. All in all, ideology is a very important research topic in critical discourse study, and future studies can adopt interdisciplinary research methods to further improve its theoretical and applied studies.

SHARED PAIN, THE WAR AND IDENTITY: PECULIARITIES OF UKRAINIAN LITERARY METAMODERNISM

This article examines specific manifestations of the metamodern structure of feeling and features of metamodern poetics represented in contemporary Ukrainian literature, as well as the influence of the state of war, in which Ukraine has been involved since 2014, on the perception of the universal aesthetic characteristics of metamodernism in the national artistic discourse.The global phenomenon of metamodernism is considered in the article in its connections with the previous modernist and postmodern traditions and in the context of the political and cultural processes of the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21th centuries. While scrutinizing Ukrainian fictional works, we referred to the main contemporary research on metamodernism, post-posmodernism, metamodern structure of feeling, and metamodernist aesthetics but the basis of the literary analysis of Ukrainian texts included mainly the studies by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker, Alison Gibbons, Seth Abramson, and Greg Dember. On the basis of their research the specific set of traits of the Ukrainian literary metamodernism was developed, including oscillation, hyper-self-reflexivity, open potentiality as a spatiotemporal characteristic of the artistic worlds, eccentricity of characters («quirky»), ironesty, return of metanarratives (notably, metanarrative of the Ukrainian national identity), attention to influence of media on the identity shaping, imitation of the formal features of postmodernism, the cultivation of immersion in someone else’s felt experience (a «need for a we»), adherence to the ideas of transhumanism and the Anthropocene, cautious optimism and normcore. Despite the unique historical background of the formation of Ukrainian metamodernism (in particular, the persistent attempts of re-colonization of Ukraine by russia during the period of the State Independence, three revolutions and the current war), the key features of this phenomenon in Ukrainian literature are considered to be a «need for a we», hyper-selfreflexivity, and awareness of the importance of a person’s connection with the community.

The future of myelodysplastic syndrome-patient priorities and outcomes that matter.

Without a definitive curative option available to many patients, learning to live with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and manage symptoms effectively becomes a priority in their care. Anaemia is an almost universal feature of MDS. Individuals suffer differently and better individualisation of care is needed. Most MDS patient information offers scant appreciation for disease heterogeneity, variable response to treatment and each patient's likely trajectory. We undertook a two-part, online workshop to discuss what matters most to people living with MDS. Patients generated questions about their condition which they felt should be addressed by research or change how their care is delivered. Patients voted on the importance of each topic, creating a "prioritised" list of issues. Fourteen participants of varying age and experience took part raising 56 unique questions under the themes of: prognosis; end of life; treatment; supportive care; medical staff training; diagnosis and communication. These reflect the symptoms of MDS, improving quality of life (QoL) and communication. Although haemoglobin (Hb) levels have correlation to QoL, it is widely reported that other factors are important in determining QoL and need for transfusions varies despite stable Hb levels. We showed that Hb level and the need for transfusions is not comparable between different patients and even non-comparable over time meaning that the maximal benefit and timing of transfusions cannot be determined from Hb alone. This workshop highlighted patient dissatisfaction with the "numbers-led" approach and the need for an alternative method to determine when to transfuse.

Anomalous Concentration Dependence of Viscosity: Hidden Role of Cross-Correlations in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.

The viscosity of aqueous electrolyte solutions exhibits well-known composition-dependent anomalies that show certain definitive trends and universal features. The viscosity of LiCl and NaCl solutions increases with concentration in a monotonic fashion, while solutions of KCl, RbCl, and CsCl exhibit a more complex behavior. Here, the viscosity first decreases and then increases with increasing concentration, with a rather broad minimum at intermediate concentrations (ca. 1-3 m). To unearth the origin of such puzzling behavior, we carried out detailed molecular-level analyses by interrogating the exact Green-Kubo expression of viscosity in terms of the stress-stress time correlation function (SS-TCF). The total SS-TCF can be decomposed into a collection of three self- and three cross-SS-TCFs arising from the three constituent components (water, cations, and anions). Mode coupling theory (MCT) analysis for the friction on ions and the viscosity of the solution suggests the possible importance of two-particle static and time-dependent cross-correlations between water and the ions. We calculate the viscosity and other dynamical properties for all five electrolyte (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) solutions over a range of concentrations, using two models of water (SPC/E and TIP4P/2005). The total viscosity derives non-negligible contributions from all of the terms. The cross-correlations are found to be surprisingly large and seen to play a hidden role in the concentration dependence. However, the importance of cross-correlations is often not discussed. Our study leads to a theoretical understanding of the microscopic origin of the observed anomalies in the composition dependence of viscosity across all five electrolytes.

Altering environmental conditions induce shifts in simulated deep terrestrial subsurface bacterial communities-Secretion of primary and secondary metabolites.

The deep terrestrial subsurface (DTS) harbours a striking diversity of microorganisms. However, systematic research on microbial metabolism, and how varying groundwater composition affects the bacterial communities and metabolites in these environments is lacking. In this study, DTS groundwater bacterial consortia from two Fennoscandian Shield sites were enriched and studied. We found that the enriched communities from the two sites consisted of distinct bacterial taxa, and alterations in the growth medium composition induced changes in cell counts. The lack of an exogenous organic carbon source (ECS) caused a notable increase in lipid metabolism in one community, while in the other, carbon starvation resulted in low overall metabolism, suggesting a dormant state. ECS supplementation increased CO2 production and SO4 2- utilisation, suggesting activation of a dissimilatory sulphate reduction pathway and sulphate-reducer-dominated total metabolism. However, both communities shared common universal metabolic features, most probably involving pathways needed for the maintenance of cell homeostasis (e.g., mevalonic acid pathway). Collectively, our findings indicate that the most important metabolites related to microbial reactions under varying growth conditions in enriched DTS communities include, but are not limited to, those linked to cell homeostasis, osmoregulation, lipid biosynthesis and degradation, dissimilatory sulphate reduction and isoprenoid production.

Probing the chiral magnetic wave with charge-dependent flow measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sqrt{s_{\ extrm{NN}}} $$\\end{document} = 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope r3Norm\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {r}_3^{\ extrm{Norm}} $$\\end{document} is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to r2Norm\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {r}_2^{\ extrm{Norm}} $$\\end{document}, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, r2Norm\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {r}_2^{\ extrm{Norm}} $$\\end{document} can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (fCMW) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for fCMW, and in the 10–60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.

Exploring digital finance, financial regulations and carbon emission nexus: New insight from resources efficiency, industrial structure and green innovation in China

The global climate crisis is exacerbated by the massive burning of fossil energy, represented by natural resource extraction and usage. Likewise, digital finance (DF) is critical to enable financial support for reducing natural resource consumption and supporting low-carbon development. Against this backdrop, this paper analyses DF's impact on carbon emissions under financial regulatory constraints using 274 Chinese cities data from 2011 to 2020. Results reveal that DF does not present a carbon mitigation effect but rather stimulates carbon emissions. The breadth of DF use mainly materializes the carbon emission effect of DF. Realizing the carbon reduction effect of DF depends on the moderating effect of financial regulatory constraints. DF has prominent universality characteristics under the constraints of financial regulation; such effect is more evident in resource-based cities, third- and fourth-tier cities, and central and western regions. The carbon reduction effect of DF under financial regulatory constraints is mainly achieved by stimulating green innovation, resource efficiency, and industrial structure upgrading.

National-Cultural Specificity of Biblical Idioms

The article investigates the representation features of idioms of biblical origin on the material of various languages. Idioms of biblical origin are regarded as linguocultural and nationally specific units, reflecting the peculiarities of mentality and religious worldview of a particular linguistic culture. The article reveals a number of extralinguistic factors that determine both the universal and specific features of idioms of biblical origin representation in various languages. The factors contributing to the universality of idioms of biblical origin include: 1) the commonality of Christian culture; 2) the influence of the Greek and Latin languages on subsequent translations of the Bible used nowadays. The followings are singled out as extralinguistic factors that determine the specificity of idioms of biblical origin in various languages: 1) the emergence time and dissemination scope of biblical translations; 2) confessional affiliation of a certain ethnic group; 3) peculiarities of national perception of the world and cultural values of a particular linguistic culture; 4) the socio-political system of a particular era or country; 5) mass-media factors. The national-cultural specificity of idioms of biblical origin is manifested in their non-equivalence in a particular language, the quantitative divergence of idioms of biblical origin included into a particular language from a single source, differences in the semantic capacity and meaning of idioms of biblical origin used in each of the languages, the emphasis on certain images and cognitive features activated in idioms of biblical origin, in existance of a set of borrowed idioms of biblical origin from different languages. It should be noted that even universal idioms of biblical origin functioning in different languages can be nationally specific due to the differences in the activated semantic features and figurative components of idioms.

The use of Universal (Control) Characteristics of Vane Blowers for an Objective Assessment of the Energy Efficiency of Pumping Systems

This article describes the methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of pumping systems equipped with a variable electric drive and operating with variable load, which was elaborated by the authors of the article. The analysis of traditional methods of recalculating the characteristics of the efficiency of pumping units when changing the frequency of rotation of the impeller using the formulas of theories of hydrodynamic similarity of blade blowers is presented. It is shown that in the derivation of the similarity formulas assumptions were made, which were not fully confirmed later when testing operating pumps. An algorithm and a technique developed by the authors are presented that allow one to read the actual values of the efficiency from the pre-digitized universal characteristics of vane blowers The results of comparison of efficiency values calculated by different methods are presented.