Universal Description Research Articles

An effective theory of quarkonia in QCD matter

For heavy quarkonia of moderate energy, we generalize the relevant successful theory, non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), to include interactions in nuclear matter. The new resulting theory, NRQCD with Glauber gluons, provides for the first time a universal microscopic description of the interaction of heavy quarkonia with a strongly interacting medium, consistently applicable to a range of phases, such as cold nuclear matter, dense hadron gas, and quark-gluon plasma. The effective field theory we present in this work is derived from first principles and is an important step forward in understanding the common trends in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus data on quarkonium suppression.

Composite fermion state of graphene as a Haldane-Chern insulator

Graphene in the presence of a strong external magnetic field is a unique attraction for investigations of the fractional quantum Hall (fQH) states with odd and even denominators of the fraction. Most of the attempts to understand Graphene in the strong-field regime were made through exploiting the universal low-energy effective description of Dirac fermions emerging from the nearest neighbor hopping model of electrons on a honeycomb lattice. We highlight that accounting for the next-nearest-neighbor hopping terms in doped Graphene can lead to a unique redistribution of magnetic fluxes within the unit cell of the lattice. While this affects all the fQH states, it has a striking effect at a half-filled Landau-level state: it leads to a composite fermion state that is equivalent to the doped topological Chern insulator on a honeycomb lattice. At energies comparable to the Fermi energy, this state possesses a Haldane gap in the bulk proportional to the next-nearest-neighbor hopping and density of dopants. We argue that this microscopically derived energy gap survives the projection to the lowest band. We also conjecture that the gap should be present in a microscopic theory giving the recently proposed particle-hole symmetric Dirac composite fermion scenario of the half-filled Landau-level. The proposed gap is lower than the chemical potential, and is predicted to be parametrically separated from the Dirac point in the latter description. Finally we conclude by proposing experiments to detect this gap; the associated boundary mode; and encourage cold-atom setups to test other predictions of the theory.

Stage-by-stage technology for developing of integrated e-trading management system

In this work, we present the stage-by-stage technology for development of integrated e-trading management system which consists of four basic stages. As a first stage in accomplishing this goal, we set out to apply a methodology of functional modelling SADT (IDEF0) to develop a functional model for a large e-trade enterprise. At the second stage of this technology, we wanted to ascertain scheme of e-trading business processes conformity to modules of the developed functional model and establish their relationships with the organisational structural elements of the e-trade enterprise. At the third stage of technology, we have turned our attention to developing an architecture model for integrated e-trading management system. A service-oriented architecture (SOA) using enterprise service bus (ESB) concept is offered for architectural implementation. Typical IS that belong to the web-system are used as services. The web-services implement SOAP protocol based on Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI) specifications. Finally, as a fourth stage of technology, we presented the method of software implementation for integrated e-trading management system.

A Database Integrated System Based on SOAP Web Service

An academic scientific digital data collection management (i.e., lecturers, researchers and students) in all educational institution, including Universitas Mulawarman, is very necessary. The purpose of digital data is to guarantee availability in a long term and the dissemination of scientific work data. However, data collection from various source publications (i.e., e-journals, e-theses, e-book etc.), are needed to be integrated into a repository system. In this paper has been presented a database integration model from a collection of publications or e-journals such as journals and proceedings into the repository system. A web service integration model has been implemented with Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) services, Web Service Definition Language (WSDL), Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI), and NuSOAP (SOAP written in PHP language library). The results of this study indicated that the database of e-journals and proceedings on http://e-journals.unmul.ac.id is capable to be integrated into the repository system http://repository.unmul.ac.id which is an open access system.

GSVD- and tensor GSVD-uncovered patterns of DNA copy-number alterations predict adenocarcinomas survival in general and in response to platinum

More than a quarter of lung, uterine, and ovarian adenocarcinoma (LUAD, USEC, and OV) tumors are resistant to platinum drugs. Only recently and only in OV, patterns of copy-number alterations that predict survival in response to platinum were discovered, and only by using the tensor GSVD to compare Agilent microarray platform-matched profiles of patient-matched normal and primary tumor DNA. Here, we use the GSVD to compare whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Affymetrix microarray profiles of patient-matched normal and primary LUAD, USEC, and OV tumor DNA. First, the GSVD uncovers patterns similar to one Agilent OV pattern, where a loss of most of the chromosome arm 6p combined with a gain of 12p encode for transformation. Like the Agilent OV pattern, the WGS LUAD and Affymetrix LUAD, USEC, and OV patterns are correlated with shorter survival, in general and in response to platinum. Like the tensor GSVD, the GSVD separates these tumor-exclusive genotypes from experimental inconsistencies. Second, by identifying the shorter survival phenotypes among the WGS- and Affymetrix-profiled tumors, the Agilent pattern proves to be a technology-independent predictor of survival, independent also of the best other indicator at diagnosis, i.e., stage. Third, like no other indicator, the pattern predicts the overall survival of OV patients experiencing progression-free survival, in general and in response to platinum. We conclude that comparative spectral decompositions, such as the GSVD and tensor GSVD, underlie a mathematically universal description of the relationships between a primary tumor's genotype and a patient's overall survival phenotype, which other methods miss.

Asymmetric shockwave collisions in AdS5

Collisions of asymmetric planar shocks in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are studied via their dual gravitational formulation in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime. The post-collision hydrodynamic flow is found to be very well described by appropriate means of the results of symmetric shock collisions. This study extends, to asymmetric collisions, previous work of Chesler, Kilbertus, and van der Schee examining the special case of symmetric collisions [1]. Given the universal description of hydrodynamic flow produced by asymmetric planar collisions one can model, quantitatively, non-planar, non-central collisions of highly Lorentz contracted projectiles without the need for computing, holographically, collisions of finite size projectiles with very large aspect ratios. This paper also contains a pedagogical description of the computational methods and software used to compute shockwave collisions using pseudo-spectral methods, supplementing the earlier overview of Chesler and Yaffe [2].

Jednoznaczna charakterystyka, subiektywność oraz stopniowalność świadomości. Zarys rozwiązań trzech problemów

Contemporary consciousness studies are a field that presents us with a multiplicity of more or less fundamental empirical and theoretical problems. Of these, the most basic concerns the lack of an unambiguous characterization of consciousness itself. There is no universal description of the phenomenon in question, or at least no widely accepted definition, while most working applications of the concept in articles, research projects or empirical trials vary significantly. A closely linked question concerns the relationship between consciousness and subjectivity: are the conscious states of an organism or system coextensive with its subjective states? Such an assumption, though by no means self-evidently valid, seems to be operative in many influential conceptions and theories of consciousness today. Yet another important issue within the current debate concerns the question of whether consciousness is a graded or an all-or-none phenomenon. This problem is particularly interesting because some researchers insist that it is very difficult to justify ascribing such gradedness to consciousness given its manifold dimensions. The aim of this article is to present and justify these solutions in a condensed form, while at the same time pointing out their consequences and related issues worthy of further study.

SUHI analysis using Local Climate Zones—A comparison of 50 cities

Assessment of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) has been hampered by the lack of a consistent framework to permit consistent interpretation between cities. Local Climate Zones (LCZ) are a universal description of local scale landscape types based on expected variation at neighbourhood scale (≥1km2) in and around cities. In this study, we investigate the suitability of the LCZ scheme for SUHI studies based on 50 cities from across the globe. For comparability we use an annual temperature cycle model for MODIS land surface temperature (LST) at different overpass times and multi-year mean Landsat 8 LST. The SUHI analysis shows significant differences in the intra-urban estimate of SUHI for different built LCZ types. Substantial variability of SUHI within LCZ classes and between cities exists and SUHI patterns vary by time of day. Landsat derived estimates have very high correlations to those from MODIS at a similar time. The use of an LCZ approach combined with annual SUHI estimates provides a promising approach for a consistent and comprehensive SUHI analysis framework subject to further work to assess the spatial scale of matching LST and LCZ data, filter for topographic effects, and include the phenological status.

Resonance-assisted tunneling in four-dimensional normal-form Hamiltonians.

Nonlinear resonances in the classical phase space lead to a significant enhancement of tunneling. We demonstrate that the double resonance gives rise to a complicated tunneling peak structure. Such double resonances occur in Hamiltonian systems with an at least four-dimensional phase space. To explain the tunneling peak structure, we use the universal description of single and double resonances by the four-dimensional normal-form Hamiltonians. By applying perturbative methods, we reveal the underlying mechanism of enhancement and suppression of tunneling and obtain excellent quantitative agreement. Using a minimal matrix model, we obtain an intuitive understanding.

Group theoretic approach to fermion production

We propose a universal group theoretic description of the fermion production through any type of interaction to scalar or pseudo-scalar. Our group theoretic approach relies on the group SU(2) × U(1), corresponding to the freedom in choosing representations of the gamma matrices in Clifford algebra, under which a part of the Dirac spinor function transforms like a fundamental representation. In terms of a new SO(3) (∼ SU(2)) vector constructed out of spinor functions, we show that fermion production mechanism can be analogous to the classical dynamics of a vector precessing with the angular velocity. In our group theoretic approach, the equation of motion takes a universal form for any system, and choosing a different type of interaction or a different basis amounts to selecting the corresponding angular velocity. The expression of the particle number density is greatly simplified, compared to the traditional approach, and it provides us with a simple geometric interpretation of the fermion production dynamics. For the purpose of the demonstration, we focus on the fermion production through the derivative coupling to the pseudo-scalar.

New dispersion equations for insulators and semiconductors valid throughout radio-waves to extreme ultraviolet spectral range

A new formulation of optical dispersion in terms of complex index of refraction, N(E) as a function of photon energy, E, applicable to insulators and semiconductors, is introduced. Previous formulations, developed over the past 200 years, are either valid only over a limited spectral range, or do not accurately fit experimental data, or do not conform to the Principle of Causality. The new formulation overcomes these shortcomings. Its validity is established based on theoretical and experimental considerations. The theoretical basis stems from consistency with Titchmarsh’s Theorem, a comprehensive mathematical expression of the Principle of Causality. In accordance with Titchmarsh’s Theorem, the expressions for the real and imaginary parts of N(E), the refractive index, n(E), and extinction coefficient, k(E), are shown to be skew reciprocal Hilbert Transforms. Also, the expression for the inverse Fourier Transform of N(E) is shown to be a complex-valued causal function of time. The causal function is identified as the polarization of the medium, P(t), if photons reach the medium at an initial time equal to zero. P(t) is associated with photon excitations of electrons and other quantum constituents of the media. The experimental basis of the formulation stems from demonstrating exceptionally close agreement with published experimental n(E) and k(E) data of different forms of insulators and semiconductors. Specifically, the formulation is applied to data of Water, Ice, SiO2-Glass, LiF, Polyethylene, a-Si, InSb, GaP, and As2Se3. Data for Water span thirteen orders of magnitude, and fourteen for Ice, over the spectral range of Radio-Waves to EUV. Data of the other materials involved smaller spectral ranges. Results indicate that fewer fitting parameters are needed over any segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, compared to other formulations. These theoretical and experimental findings suggest the formulation represents a universal description of optical dispersion of insulators and semiconductors.

Prediction of tensile yielding in metallic glass matrix composites

Achieving the prediction of tensile yielding in metallic glasses matrix composites (MGMCs) is challenging. A wisdom model, based on Hall-Petch-like relationship and Mean-field theory (MFT), has been proposed to realize the accurate prediction of yield strength of Ti50Zr20V10Cu5Be15 MGMCs. MFT provides a universal description of dendrite-size distribution in terms of cooling rate correlated with sample size, which has been utilized to establish relationships between the critical diameter of dendrites, dc, and the sample size, r and t of rod-like and plate-like samples, respectively. Coupled with the Hall-Petch-like relationship, the resulting scale-bridging model bridges the microstructure to macroscopic yielding.

A universal dimensionality function for the fractal dimensions of Laplacian growth

Laplacian growth, associated to the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model or the more general dielectric-breakdown model (DBM), is a fundamental out-of-equilibrium process that generates structures with characteristic fractal/non-fractal morphologies. However, despite diverse numerical and theoretical attempts, a data-consistent description of the fractal dimensions of the mass-distributions of these structures has been missing. Here, an analytical model of the fractal dimensions of the DBM and DLA is provided by means of a recently introduced dimensionality equation for the scaling of clusters undergoing a continuous morphological transition. Particularly, this equation relies on an effective information-function dependent on the Euclidean dimension of the embedding-space and the control parameter of the system. Numerical and theoretical approaches are used in order to determine this information-function for both DLA and DBM. In the latter, a connection to the Rényi entropies and generalized dimensions of the cluster is made, showing that DLA could be considered as the point of maximum information-entropy production along the DBM transition. The results are in good agreement with previous theoretical and numerical estimates for two- and three-dimensional DBM, and high-dimensional DLA. Notably, the DBM dimensions conform to a universal description independently of the initial cluster-configuration and the embedding-space.

Universal Description of the Attoclock with Two-Color Corotating Circular Fields.

We experimentally measure the laser-intensity-dependent photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of Ar atoms with two-color (ω+2ω) corotating circularly polarized fields. The interference patterns on PMDs reveal complex structures with respect to the laser intensity ratio. The main above-threshold ionization peaks and sidebands on PMD distribute oppositely when the fundamental field is much weaker than the second-harmonic field, and the PMD reveals a characteristic single-lobe distribution when the two colors have comparable intensities. Using strong-field approximation, we analytically explain how the interference pattern on PMD evolves with respect to the relative laser intensity. By analyzing the interference pattern, we reveal the phase difference and the temporal evolution of the emitting electron wave packets. We show that, when monitoring the intensity ratio, the double-pointer attoclock geometry with corotating circular fields can be universally mimicked as the spatially rotating temporal double-slit experiments with the variable slit width, which can be used to probe and control strong-field ionization.

Approaching an ergonomic future: An affordance-based interaction concept for digital human models

Digital human models offer great potential for the evaluation of physical human factors throughout all phases of product development. Unfortunately, digital human models lack a generic user-product interaction model to use them as universal and truly predictive CAE tools. In this contribution, we propose a concept for a generic and integrated interaction model based on the concept of affordances, the technology of CAD features and posture- and movement-prediction methods. Furthermore, we propose an affordance taxonomy, which shall enable a universal methodical description of interactions occurring during product use.

“Foreword” to the First American edition of “Community and Society” by F. Tönnies. Transl. from Eng., notes and comments by N.A. Golovin

The currently being prepared for publication “Foreword” to F. Tönnies’ work “Community and Society” was written by Harvard University professor P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), who was a Russian/American sociologist. It was first published alongside the English translation of Tönnies’ book, issued in New York back in 1940. According to P.A. Sorokin, Tönnies’ community and society dichotomy represents a universal categorical description of two opposing forms of social organization. They appear in the social evolution of various civilizations and in the writings of their founders. P.A. Sorokin considered Tönnies to be one of the contemporary successors to the tradition of describing society in such a way. Tönnies’ book was ahead of its time. It is mentioned in “Foreword” that the first German edition, published in 1887, did not attract readers’ attention. However, when the 20th century came around — this book became a point of reference for German social scientists, as well as for educated individuals among the general public. “Foreword” mentions the reason for its rapid increase in popularity, which turned out to be a rapid and widespread transition from “community” to a “society” based on contractual relations. P.A. Sorokin points out that Tönnies created his essay during a time when the “Gesellschaft type of society” was “triumphantly rooting out the Gemeinschaft”. However, even back then Tönnies highlighted the shortcomings of capitalism as a form of social life. The American edition of Tönnies’ book, published in 1940, was its first complete translation to a foreign language (the 1927 Japanese edition had been shortened). P.A. Sorokin’s “Foreword” to this edition marked the beginning of this writing’s worldwide fame. This is the first time “Foreword” has ever been published in Russian. It was not included in the 2002 Russian edition of Tönnies’ book. This publication, however, makes up for such an omission in theoretical sociology. The publication together with commentary has been prepared by N.A. Golovin.

Система каталогизации и мониторинга территориально распределенных вычислительных узлов в среде WPS сервисов для решения геологических задач

The study describes an approach for heterogeneous web services cataloguing of geographically distributed computing nodes in the computational and analytical geological environment. The approach of creation of web services monitoring system is proposed. In this study the approach for web services catalogue organization based on SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) protocol, with use of UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) registries is reviewed. The scheme for heterogeneous web services description with an ability of further creation of catalogue is proposed. The catalogue includes functions for searching and receiving of metainformation about every web service in it. The study also describes an approach for computational and analytical geological environment creation. A number of web services for heterogeneous data processing used in geological research is described. The approaches for organization of cataloguing and web services monitoring provide a higher level of reliability of computational and analytical geological environment. They provide an information about web service reliability within environment.

Mobile agent and ontology approach for web service discovery using QoS

Web services are meaningful only if potential users may find and execute them. Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI) help businesses, organisations, and other web services provider...

Universal description of heating-induced reshaping preference of core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles.

To achieve universal description of the reshaping process of core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles, we combined the tight-binding Ising Hamiltonian model with molecular dynamic simulations to propose a general theoretical model at the atomic scale while considering the temperature, bond energy, atomic size, and surface energy effects. Based on this model, we can quantitatively analyze the tendency of core-shell structured bimetallic nanoparticles toward the reshaping phenomenon upon heating. By rapidly screening 196 types of bimetallic nanoparticles (containing transition metal elements from VIII to IIB groups in the fourth, fifth, and sixth rows of the periodic table), we identified forty-four kinds of bimetallic nanoparticles with reshaping tendency upon heating, which was validated by molecular dynamic simulations and available experimental results. With increasing temperature, the bimetallic nanoparticles with reshaping preference were transformed from an icosahedron to a star-like shape. In contrast, the structure of bimetallic nanoparticles without reshaping preference was transformed from an icosahedron to a sphere shape, which is usually considered to be the normal pre-melting phenomenon. Further structural analysis indicated that the reshaping of bimetallic nanoparticles could be ascribed to different diffusion mechanisms, where a dominant unidirectional mechanism leads to reshaped bimetallic nanoparticles and a bidirectional diffusion mechanism results in no-reshaped bimetallic nanoparticles. This study provides a deep insight into the origin of reshaping in bimetallic nanoparticles, and it may stimulate extensive studies on engineering bimetallic nanoparticles to switch on/off reshaping upon heating, for example, by modifying the structures, atomic arrangement or composites of bimetallic systems in future.

On Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s Playwriting in the Play The Light that Is in You (Candle in the Wind)

This article is a poetic analysis of The Light that Is in You ( Candle in the Wind ), a play by A. I. Solzhenitsyn. At the same time, the main emphasis is placed on the author’s dramatic technique and the peculiarities of his dramatic thinking. It is well known that the writer himself gave his plays a secondary status in relation to prose. Most researchers believe that his drama experiments are interesting artistically only as a problem-themed propaedeutic of his later epic works (primarily, the novel In the First Circle ) and their artistic value is relatively insignificant. However, more and more recent articles refute this opinion. Specific analysis of the above-mentioned play allows us to see both the advantages and disadvantages of Solzhenitsyn’s dramatic art. The former are a wide problem-thematic range of the Candle , raising a set of spiritual and moral issues that are central for the writer’s creative work, such as the definition of a system of values by humans and the inevitability of payback for the choices they make, the responsibility of scientists for their scientific discoveries, the beneficence of loneliness and/or life for the sake of another. The leading markers in solving these problems are the concepts of suffering, conscience, and guilt. The author of the article highlights such successful decisions the writer makes as the musical component of the composition of the play, the inclusion of a dystopian perspective in the structure of the dramatic text, the complex system of interacting symbolic series within the work, etc. The article notes, on the other hand, the genre ambiguity of the work, the excessive use of the sideline plots, the incompatibility of the situation and the remarks made, which in many ways, according to the author of the article, is a consequence of the features of the writer’s own artistic thinking In the First Circle and Cancer Ward , its didacticism and its focus on the epic universal description of things.