Universal Bridge Research Articles

The Use of Up-to Date Analyses for the Temporary Bridges Application in the Present

Abstract Bridges are a critical element of the transport network. In case of neglected maintenance, war conflict or natural disaster, they may be damaged or destroyed. An alternative solution in the form of a detour is mostly feasible only in the case of ground communication. But even in this case, it can be a very difficult and lengthy solution. Therefore, temporary bridges are often used to replace the permanent bridge structure for a certain time. The history of temporary bridges is essentially as old as that of permanent bridges. The first patented temporary bridge was the Eifel Bridge, which had a span of up to 60.0 m in 1888. Before the Second World War, the most widespread structures were the German S-bridge with spans of up to 15.0 m, Herbert-brücke with a span of up to 25.0 m and the English Bailey bridge system. In the post-war era, the ŽM 60 temporary bridge was designed as a universal bridge structure, which was to serve to temporarily bridge obstacles of medium and long spans. As standard, it was to serve as a railway bridge with a span of up to 60.0 m and as a road bridge with a span of 84.0 m. The task of the study published in this paper is to approach the possibilities of deploying the ŽM 60 bridge at present in compliance with the requirements arising from currently applicable standards and regulations.

Simulation of Small-Scale Solar Power Generation System in The Central Java Region: A Case Study of the Cilacap Area

The limitations of conventional non-renewable energy resources raise concerns about sustainability and energy supply security in the future. One of the worrying factors is the carbon dioxide emissions that can affect living organisms' health. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, emerge as solutions capable of minimizing environmental impacts and reducing dependence on limited resources. Therefore, this research will simulate and design a small-scale renewable energy power generation system, particularly solar energy, in the Cilacap region, Central Java. The main components involved in this research include PV arrays, IGBT diodes, and universal bridges, supported by supporting elements such as displays, scopes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and bus selectors. The technical data used as input are specific to the area. The simulation results show that the direct power generated by one modelled PV array is 221.7 W per hour. This research contributes to optimising small-scale solar power generation systems in the designated area, considering relevant components and parameters to enhance efficiency and sustainability.

Изкуственият интелект в здравния PR

What is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare public relations? How is it reshaping the world of health PR? Is AI a threat to healthcare PR or becoming their indispensable assistant? The purpose of the scientific report is to answer these and other questions regarding the application of artificial intelligence in health public communications. The methods used for the purpose of this report are the analysis and synthesis of data from bibliographic sources, as well as the analysis of the results of conducting a scientific experiment in a digital environment with artificial intelligence of the latest generation. Results. The role of AI in health PR is increasingly tangible and fully imposed in the system of international health care – the chatbot of the WHO in the Viber communication platform is a universal bridge between the Organization and its audiences and provides multi-layered opportunities for awareness on all possible health issues. An identical result is also on Facebook‘s Messenger platform. AI is gradually changing the business environment in every field, including healthcare. AI in the face of ChatGPT is becoming both an assistant to health PRs and a major rival. Discussion. Recent breakthroughs in AI technologies could significantly and permanently transform health PR and how it is implemented. The PR profession is not a disappearing species, as it is associated with a deep thought process, creativity, contacts, and connections with „living” people. These activities are so far beyond the reach of artificial intelligence, yet the best professionals will stand out and remain. The results of the scientific experiment set a direction for striving for an increasingly accurate representation of health PR specialists in their professional field. Conclusion. ChatGPT can compose relevant texts, slogans, even messages that are highly effective when applied in the practice of health PR. In the foreseeable future, this technological innovation will be further refined. Chatbots as part of the idea of communication through AI is an area where the role of PRs is to carefully consider each message and the logical connection between the messages. The following recommendations emerge for future research on the topic: to monitor the technological progress of AI and to find new niches in health PR activities in which AI finds application.

Electrowetting-Induced Coalescence of Sessile Droplets in Viscous Medium

Manipulating the coalescence of microdroplets has recently gained enormous attention in digital microfluidics and biological and chemical industries. Here, coalescence between two sessile droplets is induced by spreading them due to electrowetting. The electrocoalescence dynamics is investigated for a wide range of operating parameters such as electrowetting number, Ohnesorge number, driving frequency, and drop to surrounding medium viscosity ratio. Here, the characteristic time scale from the classical lubrication theory is modified with an additional driving and resisting force due to the electrostatic pressure force and liquid-liquid viscous dissipation, respectively. With the revised characteristic time scale, a universal bridge growth is shown between the two merging droplets following a 1/3 power law during early coalescence followed by a long-range linear variation. To ensure precise control on droplet coalescence, a geometric analysis is also performed to define the initial separation distance.

Seismic performance analysis of a concrete filled steel tubes arch bridge: A parametric study

AbstractNumerical method is widely used in bridge seismic performance analysis, but the diversity and complexity structures increase trouble in the modeling process. This article presents a systematic, universal, and flexible bridge numerical modeling method, and the seismic performance of a concrete filled steel tubes arch bridge is studied. The geometric/attribute model involves structural/stiffness equivalence, and the bridge parametric modeling strategy combined commercial computer‐aided design language of software MATLAB and ANSYS. Data exchange in different fields and rapid reconstruction of numerical model are realizing. Finally, the vibration mode, deformation and internal force of the bridge under seismic load are studied. The results indicating that the proposed parametric model formed a complete data transfer process, and the bridge model can be rapidly modifying and reconstructing. The numerical calculation efficiency is greatly improved because of the structure element is employed instead of solid element. The displacement and internal force of arch rib are mainly controlling by lateral load under horizontal uni‐input, and the combined horizontal and vertical load should be considering in seismic design. The leaning angle and width‐span ratio of transverse braces are considered to improve the seismic performance of bridges.

Wagar and Motley “Archaic” Vestiges: A Postmodernist Reading of Contemporary Somali Fiction

The advent of the modernist dream resulted in the universalisation of culture, which entails deliberate effort to abandon traditional ways of life that foster difference and instead embracing national cultures to bring different communities together. Colonialism in the Horn of Africa, for instance, brought different Cushitic communities under single political entities and most of them adopted Islam to find a common ground. Other communities in East Africa had to convert to Christianity to find a universal cultural bridge. This has resulted in the assumption that most African peoples are homogeneous given that past traditions that elevated difference have been eradicated by unifying factors such as modern states and conventional religions such as Islam and Christianity. A critical reading of some literary texts, however, demonstrates that such claims are partly unfounded because there exist aspects of pre-Islamic Somali religion along with the fundamental beliefs of Islam, which bolster difference. This article is a postmodernist reading of selected contemporary Somali fiction to investigate the influence of pre-Islamic Somali religion on contemporary Somali culture. Using the ideas of Jacques Derrida and Joseph Campbell, the study demonstrates the impact of myth and the ancient traditions on migration and contemporary culture in Nadifa Mohamed’s Black Mamba Boy and Nuruddin Farah’s Secrets.

Elasticity can affect droplet coalescence

Coalescence of two droplets on a solid substrate is an interfacial phenomenon that imposes the challenges of capturing the complex contact line motion and energy interaction between the solid–liquid interface. Recent investigations on the coalescence of polymeric droplets on a solid substrate have reported strong disagreements; the heart of the issue is whether coalescence of polymeric drops is similar to that of Newtonian fluid and is independent of molecular relaxation, or whether the role of entanglement of polymeric chains leads to a transition kinetics different from that of Newtonian fluid. Via this article, we resolve the disagreements through a discussion on the effects of merging method on the dominant forces governing the coalescence process, i.e., inertia, dissipation, and relaxation. In this regard, two methods of merging have been identified, namely, the droplet spreading method and the volume filling method. Our study unveils that the coalescence dynamics of polymeric drops is not universal and, in fact, is contingent of the method by which the coalescence is triggered. Additionally, we demonstrate the spatial features of the bridge at different time instants by a similarity analysis. We also theoretically obtain a universal bridge profile by employing the similarity parameter in a modified thin film lubrication equation for polymeric fluids.

Music as a Universal Bond and Bridge Between the Physical and the Divine: Transcultural and Medieval Perspectives

This article accepts the challenge to reflect on the cultural history of music as a transcultural and universally human phenomenon, particularly in the medieval context. To what extent has music played the same or at least similar function in endless cultural contexts all over the world from the past to the present? We know for sure that music has always been present at all age groups, in all ethnic groups, among all genders, and throughout time. There have always been local, ethnic types of music (folklore), and universally accepted manifestations of music (esp. classical music). The emphasis here rests, after an extensive study of music in global cultural-historical terms, on comments about music in medieval philosophy, mysticism, and literature because here we discover fundamental notions about music being the medium to connect the individual with the cosmic harmony, hence with the divine. In literary texts, above all, music was identified as the critical expression of identity, love, and religion. Keywords: Transcultural music; classic music; music in cultural-historical terms; The Beatles; Martianus Capella; Boethius; Gottfried von Strassburg; Jörg Wickram; Hermann Hesse

Universal excursion and bridge shapes in ABBM/CIR/Bessel processes

Several years ago, in the context of the physics of hysteresis in magnetic materials, a simple stochastic model has been introduced: the ABBM model. Later, the ABBM model has been advocated as a paradigm for the description of a broad class of diverse phenomena, baptized ‘crackling noise phenomena’. The model reproduces many statistical features of such intermittent signals, as for instance the statistics of burst (or avalanche) durations and sizes, in particular the power law exponents that would characterize the dynamics as critical. In order to go beyond such ‘critical exponents’, the measure of the average shape of the avalanche has also been proposed. Here, the exact calculation of the average (as well as the fluctuations) of the avalanche shape for the ABBM model is presented, showing that its normalised shape does not depend on the external drive. Moreover, the average (and the fluctuations) of the multi-avalanche shape, that is the average shape of a sequence of avalanches of fixed total duration, is also computed. Surprisingly, the two quantities (avalanche and multi-avalanche normalised shapes) are exactly the same. This result is obtained using the exact solution of the ABBM model, which is obtained leveraging the equivalence with the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process (CIR), rigorously obtained with a so called ‘time change’. A simple presentation of this and other known relevant exact results is provided: notably the correspondence of the ABBM/CIR model with the Rayleigh model and, more importantly, with the generalised Bessel process, which describes the dynamics of the modulus of the multi dimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (exactly as the Bessel process does for the Brownian process). As a consequence, our main finding, that is the correspondence between the excursion (avalanche) and bridge (multi-avalanche) shape distributions, turns to apply to all the aforementioned stochastic processes. In simple words: if we consider the distance from the origin of such diffusive particles, the (normalised) average shape of its trajectory (and the fluctuations around that) until a return in a time T is the same, whether it has returned before T or not.

Simulation and Implementation of Grid Tied Solar Photovoltaic System with Fuzzy Control Based Universal Bridge Inverter

Worldwide renewable energy resources, especially solar energy, are growing dramatically in view of energy shortage and environmental concerns. Large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are typically connected to medium voltage distribution grids, where power converters are required to convert solar energy into electricity in such a grid-interactive PV system. This study are designing of solar energy system in MATLABSIMULINK environment which can be integrated with the grid for its efficient operation. The grid integration is necessary to ace the system reliable under various environmental conditions. Enhancing the DC input voltage to the inverter so that in its aspect the AC output from the inverter is also enhanced. And designing of a universal bridge inverter and AI based intelligent control for it such that it enhances the power output from the solar PV system. Designing of efficient rules for the inverter control using FUZZY algorithm. This work proposes an optimized active power enhancement method and evaluates the effect of fuzzy based controller for power enhancement on system reliability and power quality in the grid-interactive PV system with cascaded converter modules. Fuzzy set of rules are defined in a manner such that it is proved to be effective in enhancing the current output keeping the grid voltage same and hence the power output from the systems of cascaded PV modules. it can be concluded that if designing a cascaded PV solar system it is possible to increase the active power output from the inverter just by using fuzzy set of rules for firing pulses in the inverter.

Comparative study of three different bridge-less converters for reduction of harmonic distortion in brushless DC motor

<p>This paper represents a comparative study of three different types of DC-DC<br />converter that can be used for reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)<br />in stator current, back electromotive force (EMF) and torque of brush less<br />DC motor. In addition, the topologies of these converters are analysed, and<br />the THD of the output characteristics have also been studied. In this work,<br />SEPIC, Zeta and Flyback converters are considered and their outputs are fed<br />to the BLDCM with the help of universal bridge or six step inverter.<br />Moreover the THD of the output voltages are not only measured for three<br />converters but also reduced by tuning the parameters. At first these three<br />converters are modeled in MATLAB/ Simulink based simulation platform<br />and studied the performance individually and further executed with hardware<br />circuitry. Finally the output parameters from both software simulation and<br />real time hardware are compared for these three converters separately and got<br />satisfactory similar results. Again we studied the performance with these<br />converters in terms of efficiency while fed in the commutation drive circuitry<br />of BLDCM by considering minimum THD. From this comparative<br />simulation results, it has been observed that Zeta converter showed maximum<br />efficiency. Therefore, in real time hardware implementation, the<br />commutation drive circuitry of BLDCM is studied with Zeta converter. With<br />this configuration, a comparatively low THD of stator current, back EMF and<br />electromagnetic torque have been achieved in BLDCM with PID controller.</p>

Dual Josephson impedance bridge: towards a universal bridge for impedance metrology

This paper presents a full characterization of a Dual Josephson Impedance Bridge (DJIB) at frequencies up to 80 kHz by using the DJIB to compare the best available impedance standards that are (a) directly traceable to the quantum Hall effect, (b) used as part of international impedance comparisons, or (c) believed to have calculable frequency dependence. The heart of the system is a dual Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) source that offers unprecedented flexibility in high-precision impedance measurements. The JAWS sources allow a single bridge to compare impedances with arbitrary ratios and phase angles in the complex plane. The uncertainty budget shows that both the traditional METAS bridges and the DJIB have comparable uncertainties in the kilohertz range. This shows that the advantages of the DJIB, including the flexibility which allows the comparison of arbitrary impedances, the wide frequency range and the automated balancing procedure, are obtained without compromising the measurement uncertainties. These results demonstrate that this type of instrument can considerably simplify the realization and maintenance of the various impedance scales. In addition, the DJIB is a very sensitive tool for investigating the frequency-dependent systematic-errors that can occur in impedance construction and in the voltage provided by the JAWS source at frequencies greater than 10 kHz.

Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Universal Bridge and PID Controller

Speed control technique are generally essential in adjustable speed drive system. This system requires variable voltage and frequency supply which is obtained from a three phase voltage source inverter. This paper presents the speed control of induction motor fed by a three phase voltage source inverter using pulse width modulation method and universal bridge. To control the peak dc link voltage of voltage source inverter, a PID controller was designed. The performance analysis of open loop and closed loop speed control system is carried out in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result shows that the speed controller has a good dynamic response and can control the induction motor successfully with a better performance.

Speed Characteristics of Two-Fold Sliding Mode Control of BLDC Motor

BLDC motors are generally implemented in copious industrial processes because of its high proficiency, large torque and minimum volume. The variation in load torque, causes the variation of speed in BLDC motor, which leads the complete system in unstable condition. In this paper a robust first-order SM controller scheme depends on twofold controlling algorithm for angular velocity and also current control in Brushless DC motor to attenuate the chattering problems. Two cascaded sliding mode controllers of first-order are used and first sliding mode controller generates stator currents based on speed error then the second SM controller generates voltage based on current-error in stator which runs the universal bridge by this controlled voltage source. In addition to the method suggested by Slotine, two feed forward loops are added to both speed and current errors to improve the response. The existing sliding-mode control is unresponsive to uncertainties and will cause undesirable chattering problems. To overcome this snag, a manual control law in conjunction with Sliding mode control is utilized that provides smooth and chattering free actual control signal. The overall system stability performance is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results shows that proposed scheme is robust with respect to uncertainty in the system.

Selection of method and means of measuring resonant frequency of serial oscillatory circuit

When developing a measurement technique for the resonant frequency of a series oscillatory circuit, an important problem is to select the method and means of measurement. In this paper, calculations are carried out with using two methods based on different principles. The first was made by means of the universal bridge (bridge method) with the subsequent calculation of indications, the second - by means of the measuring installation realizing the resonant principle of measurement of frequency. Relative errors were calculated (δ1f = 0.56 % and δ2f = 0.08% respectively) and the confidence intervals of the frequency value were determined for each of the methods. Despite the high labor costs, a method based on the resonance principle was chosen to develop the measurement technique, as it has the necessary accuracy.

Ribosomal protein eL24, involved in two intersubunit bridges, stimulates translation initiation and elongation.

Interactions between subunits in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome are mediated by universal and eukaryote-specific intersubunit bridges. Universal bridges are positioned close to the ribosomal functional centers, while eukaryote-specific bridges are mainly located on the periphery of the ribosome. Two bridges, eB13 and B6, are formed by the ribosomal protein eL24. The eukaryotic eL24 is composed of an N-terminal domain, a linker region and a C-terminal α-helix. Here, the functions of different domains of eL24 in the S. cerevisiae ribosome were evaluated. The C-terminal domain and the linker region of the eL24 form eukaryote-specific eB13 bridge. Phenotypic characterization of the eL24 deletion mutants indicated that the functional integrity of the eB13 bridge mainly depends on the protein–protein contacts between eL24 and eS6. Further investigation showed importance of the eB13 bridge in the subunit joining in vivo and in vitro. In vitro translation assay demonstrated the role of the eB13 bridge in both initiation and elongation steps of translation. Intriguingly, results of in vitro translation experiment suggest involvement of the N-terminal domain of eL24 in the translation initiation. Therefore, eL24 performs number of tasks required for the optimal ribosome functionality.

Fire Risk Assessment for Highway Bridges in South Korea

The study presented in this paper developed a sequential and universal bridge fire risk assessment procedure for constructed bridges, as well as countermeasures to reduce the risk level. Of interest were concrete and steel bridges on highways, except for certain special types of bridges. The fire risk assessment procedure consisted of three steps: ( a) preliminary risk analysis (PRA), which was a screening step to determine the likelihood of bridge fire events; ( b) simplified risk analysis (SRA), which was performed with the use of bridge inventory databases and checklists; and ( c) detailed risk analysis (DRA), which made use of computer simulation and collected data. A PRA determines whether a bridge requires an SRA on the basis of bridge clearance height and roadway conditions under the bridge. An SRA has three parts: analysis of fire occurrence, vulnerability to fire, and bridge importance. Itemized details were developed to evaluate the three parts and determine risk scoring. The SRA procedure identified which parts contributed to the resultant risk level. Reliability indexes concurrent with the latest ISO DP 10252 design code were used to determine the score of a given bridge and to perform an analysis to determine the risk level of 8,267 bridges in South Korea. The DRA was the final step, a detailed analysis of occurrence and vulnerability of a bridge mainly on the basis of computer simulation. This study provided guidelines to determine the DRA levels. Countermeasures also were developed for each of three risk levels (i.e., occurrence, vulnerability, and importance); the application of the countermeasures depended on the factors causing the risk.

Analysis and Elimination of Harmonics by Using Passive Filters

This paper presents harmonic analysis and passive filter design for an industrial installation. A system is designed under MATLAB / Simulink platform that consist of universal bridge with pulse generator to supply a DC load. Harmonic distortion levels of system currents and voltages are obtained by using FFT analysis and also waveform graphs are given to show distortion. Then passive harmonic filters are designed step by step to eliminate harmonics on system. As the designed filters are applied on system, results show that harmonic distortion decreased. FFT analysis is performed for filtered design to obtain effect of designed filters on system. Also current and voltage waveform graphs are given for comparison.

Nuevas lógicas en la formación profesional en Argentina Redefiniendo lo educativo, lo laboral y lo social

El artículo discute las diferentes lógicas en la formación profesional inicial y continua (FP) en Argentina, a partir de dos estudios basados tanto en datos secundarios (material documental y estadístico), como en entrevistas a actores sociales participantes del campo. Los interrogantes centrales fueron: si se produjo durante el periodo 2003-2010 una reconfiguración del campo de la FP, mediante el establecimiento de nuevas lógicas acerca de sus funciones, de los actores y sus articulaciones; y en qué medida esas nuevas lógicas reflejan otras visibles en el desarrollo histórico previo de la FP. Se concluye que las lógicas educativa, laboral y social previas se han transformado en el marco de nuevas políticas públicas y el reposiciona- miento de los distintos actores sociales. Si bien se evidencian contradicciones y tensiones entre esas lógicas, la introducción de una perspectiva de protección social reubicó a los actores en un diálogo social ampliado, y concibió a la población a la que se dirigía como trabajadores en lugar de beneficiarios asistidos, vinculando la formación con subsidios universales, orientación y puentes con el mundo del trabajo.

A universal bridge functional for infinitely diluted solutions

We analyze the results obtained in a work by V.P. Sergievskii and A.I. Frolov. It is shown that their main results are not valid: the authors modeled a bridge function instead of a bridge functional. Their method of calculation was not valid; some results are not reliable because they do not consider finite-size corrections; and the exponential parameterization of the obtained bridge function is not precise enough to reconstruct its oscillating behavior.