A universal system which permits all the goniometers in a particular X-ray laboratory to be positioned rapidly and simply on any X-ray generator is described. An integral part of the system is a `dummy' X-ray tube - an optical system producing a beam of light - which permits the alignment of a goniometer to be carried out in complete safety from radiation. On transferring the goniometer to the X-ray generator no further adjustment is necessary. The system improves the efficiency of a laboratory in which many workers use the same goniometers and generators. It also improves the safety from radiation, particularly for teaching laboratories in which alignment of goniometers has to be carried out by relatively inexperienced personnel.