Human Uniqueness Research Articles

Social and Psychological Analysis of the Transformation Family Functions in the Age of Globalization

In every society family is an institution created on the basis of the social laws, customs and traditions and is one of the main social inventions of humankind. Its main essence is defined by fulfilling social, group and individual needs. Family as one of the primary forms of social unity of humans provides conditions for meeting a range of important human needs, one of them being reproduction.Family functions are the main factors that precondition the existence and activity of family, as well as normal (functional) family environment. Fulfillment of these functions has exclusive importance not only for family members, individuals, but for the whole society. Researches on family psychology, sociology and pedagogy classify family functions on the basis of a variety of criteria. The paper analyzes traditional (specific) and non-traditional (non-specific) family functions from psychological perspective and classifies the social and psychological importance of changes in family functions in the age of globalization.

Edith Stein’s Conception of Human Unity and Bodily Formation

The problem of human unity lies at the heart of Edith Stein’s investigation of the structure of human nature in her mature works. By examining her resolution of this problem in Der Aufbau der menschlichen Person and Endliches und ewiges Sein, I show how Stein incorporates two teachings of Thomistic anthropology—namely, the rational soul as principle both of substantial unity and of bodily formation—while reinterpreting the meaning of these teachings through performing a fresh phenomenological investigation. Although this investigation leads Stein to propose a conceptually different explanation of human unity and bodily formation than that given by Aquinas, I argue that this difference should not be understood as if Stein and Aquinas stand squarely opposed on these important anthropological questions, but rather that Stein’s proposal lies in decisive continuity with the received teachings of Aquinas even while it represents an expanded conception of these teachings that also includes some contrast and disagreement.

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach’s ‘New Hollander’

The colonisation of Australia, at the end of the eighteenth century, coincided with the birth of (physical) anthropology. In Germany, it was the Enlightenment naturalist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach who began to utilise human skulls as scientific evidence for his hypotheses on human diversity and origin. He assigned selected skulls to be representative of each of his five human ‘varieties’. Due to this very fact, Blumenbach’s own historiographical representation is ambiguous – he has been depicted as both the forerunner of race sciences that were to follow in the 1900s and the humanist and universalist defender of human unity and universal value in the times of slavery. This article discusses how Blumenbach throughout his writing on humanity incorporated his notion of Indigenous Australians. In 1775, he outlined a sequence of human skulls, including those of ‘New Hollanders’, long before he began to assemble his (in)famous skull collection. Roughly fifteen years later, he obtained the skulls of two Indigenous Australian men which then represented the ‘black race’ of his diversified South Pacific ‘Malay variety’. The ‘Neuholländer’ in Blumenbach’s work, arguably, also reflects the tension inherent in his aim to scientifically prove humanity’s unity on the basis of its diversity.

The Concept of Virtue in Religious Philosophy of Hermann Cohen

The concept of virtue was of great interest and importance for H. Cohen. In the interpretation of this concept in his latest work “Religion of reason from the sources of Judaism” the most important concepts of this work were brought in the focus: the specificity of definition of what is the religion of reason; understanding of the uniqueness of God; correlation; messianism. For Cohen, a single system of virtues presupposes a single and unique ethics and correlates with the idea of the unity of humanity. The last concept, in his opinion, maturated in the fold of monotheism. Humanity is one, because all people are creations of the unique God. “Religion of reason” treats of the common universal virtues. In the religion of reason, the idea of God and morality are inextricably linked. Cohen rejects metaphysical speculation about the nature of God, about the attributes of God inherent in himself. The religion of the mind speaks of God only in correlation with man. God is a moral ideal and reveals himself to man by giving him moral commandments. Morality connects man and God, and this connection is revealed in detail by Cohen in the theme of virtues. Understanding God as Truth is important for the disclosure of this topic. The corresponding virtue for a person is faithfulness to truth, or truthfulness. In addition to truthfulness in the usual sense, for Cohen, faithfulness to truth requires correct worship of God. The correlation culminates in the idea of messianism, which is interpreted by Cohen as an endless movement of a whole humanity to the social justice.

Tribe and Tribal Welfare in Gandhian Thoughts

Gandhi is best known for his sarvodaya movement where he talked of ‘welfare for all’. His focus was on the deprived section of the countrymen who constituted a majority of India’s population. Thus, the term was often referred to as antodaya, i.e., ‘Rise to the last men’. Gandhi was not very particular about ‘tribe’, as to him, tribes were a part of rural communities who were exploited by the powerful class of people; thus, they required welfare measures. Gandhi’s mission and vision towards tribes was mainly an outcome of his constant association with Thakkar Bapa, who had been well exposed to the exploitation and helpless misery of tribal life, especially of the Bhil people of Gujarat under the British rule. To Gandhi, tribal welfare and rural welfare were same. However, he believed that tribals were simple people. His interaction with the Zulu people in Africa exposed him to the bare truth of exploitation of the tribal people by the colonial rulers. To his idea, the tribes should be approached on the basis of non-violence, accepting the principles of a democratic society and the fundamental equality and unity of man. The process of social domination and political imposition should be avoided. Welfare measures should be taken up on the basis of understanding their society and culture. Gandhi’s concept of Sarvodaya, i.e., welfare of all also had a purpose to bring the majority of Indians in the struggle for independence. He believed that India’s independence cannot be achieved without participation of its rural masses that formed the majority of Indian population. Gandhi dreamt of a society with equity among all members in fundamental necessities of life including education. His dream is yet to be chased.

PHENOMENON OF THE BIEDERMEIER PIANO MUSIC IN XIX CENTURY

The aim of the article – to consider the Biedermeier as a phenomenon of European culture, generated by the Restoration era. The evolutionary and typological qualities of Biedermeier in all the diversity of its national models (German, Polish, Russian, Italian, French) are projected on the piano music of XIX century and its performing traditions; to present Biedermeier as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Methodology of the article – historical, general philosophical, social analysis of the Biedermeier as a cultural phenomenon, comparative analysis of national characteristics of the Biedermeier display.Scientific novelty – the Biedermeier phenomenon is presented as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Biedermeier traits characteristic of different national and religious traditions are also analyzed and presented.Conclusions: the Biedermeier as a specific phenomenon of musical culture, a kind of connecting musical “link” between elite art and “mass consumer” of art, creates certain pedagogical prerequisites for raising interest in various social strata of the society for the complex repertoire of classical music. Such an approach in understanding the idea of the Biedermeier, including the musical one, will prove to be essential in the revival of the values of planetary human unity and state principles – by the forces of individual and personal efforts of citizens and creators of Ukraine and countries and nations territorially historically close to it, since technological and analytical achievements and spiritual and social transformations in the human society are derived from the indicated general idea of the Great – through the small.

Why Aquinas's Metaphysics of Gender Is Fundamentally Correct: A Response to John Finley.

In an important article, John Finley suggests a correction to Aquinas's understanding of gender distinction. Disagreeing with Aquinas, Finley proposes that gender distinction (male and female) stems from the soul rather than from the body. In this essay, I will show that this is not a tenable position because it does not fit with either what we know about the physical development of sex differences or the unity of man and woman as a single human species. I will defend Aquinas's fundamental insights into the root of gender distinction without defending his biological understanding of the process itself. I will argue that there is a single generic generative power in the soul that is determined by the matter to which the soul is united, to be expressed as either male or female. This paradigm, I believe, copes better than the one offered by Finley with phenomena such as intersexed persons and sex reassignment surgery. While I do not accept the idea of a feminine or masculine soul, the paradigm offered here does lead to the notion of the soul being feminized or masculinized on account of the matter that it informs.

Виховання студентської молоді під час вивчення англійської мови в університетах

У статті висвітлено актуальність виховання студентів у процесі вивчення англійської мови в університетах. Обґрунтовано, що виховна робота зі студентами на заняттях з англійської мови є значущою для трансляції історичного, культурного та духовного досвіду англомовних країн. Виокремлено проблеми визначення змісту виховання студентської молоді у вищий школі: відповідність завдань виховання студентів реформуванню українського суспільства, невизначеність меж повноважень і ролі викладача і студентської молоді у виховній роботі, відсутність вимог до студентів як особистостей і майбутніх професіоналів у фокусі сучасного розвитку України. Узагальнено наукові підходи до визначення змісту виховання студентської молоді в Україні: особистісно орієнтований; соціально орієнтований; системно-ціннісний; ціннісно-компетентнісний та гендерний.

Influence of human emotions on the perception of residential interior ecodesign

Influence of human emotions on the perception of residential interior ecodesign

Stworzenie i ewolucja – dwa „puzzle” chrześcijańskiego światopoglądu

Problem relacji między religią i nauką, rozumiany jako relacja między doktryną chrześcijańską i naukami przyrodniczymi, jest dzisiaj powszechnie znany i dyskutowany. Artykuł podejmuje bardzo praktyczne zagadnienie, jakim jest formowanie oraz rewidowanie światopoglądu chrześcijańskiego w kontekście spotkania się w człowieku religijnym dwóch wielkich idei: stworzenia i ewolucji. Wychodząc od zaproponowanej definicji światopoglądu, w artykule zostanie ukazany fundamentalny rys światopoglądu chrześcijańskiego oraz jego istotne cechy. Dopiero w takim świetle próbuje się przedstawić propozycję interpretacji spotkania i wzajemnego oddziaływania idei stworzenia i ewolucji. Zaproponowana relacja dialogu jest drogą do zdobywania dojrzałej postawy względem rzeczywistości zarówno dla człowieka religijnego, jak i dla ludzi uprawiających nauki przyrodnicze. Jednocześnie jest to propozycja, która, prowadząc do wewnętrznej integracji człowieka, może stać się odpowiedzią na niektóre współczesne kryzysy kultury.

Paradigma Fiqh Multikultural

The doctrine of the Qur’an teaches that human beings are created in diversities and tribes in order to know one another. Essencially, it means that the basic attitude of Islam exclaims all the humans have the same ideas for a unity of humanity without discriminating races, colour, ethnic, culture and religion. Nevertheless, when the idea of the Qur’an is interpreted in the form of fiqh, historically the fiqh was often confronted with the truth claims being supported by the followers of each madzhab. So, between the truth claims of a fiqh formula being local particular and the doctrine of the Qur’an itself being universal substantial is a paradox. The emergence of the truth claims can have the potential to lead to the conflicts and anarchy among the followers because of differing interpreting of the fiqh. Therefore, a formula of jurisprudence needs to be developed according to multiculturalism that recognizes the diversities and places them in the equality. In the field of jurisprudence, the view of multiculturalism should be methodically built by way of developing paradigm of Islamic social interpretation prioritizing the dynamic, progressive and tolerant interpretations. The discussion in this article concludes that multiculturalist fiqh must be built on the principle of mashlahah using the maqashid al-shari'ah approach. Consequently, universal Qur'anic values are seen as substantive values rather than local-particular values. Therefore, with the maqashid al-shari'ah approach, the values of justice, benefit, equality, wisdom and love are the most important values that will be the source and inspiration when the Qur'an explains the provisions of a legal-specific case.

CN62 - Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale (SCQOLS): Turkish validity and reliability study

BackgroundCancer, which is included in the scope of chronic diseases, affects the lifestyle and quality of the individuals, who got diagnosed, and their familes due to the disease course and treatment method. According to the "theory of family systems", when a disease occurs in the individual, the whole family is affected by the disease, not only patient. It is suggested that families should not be seen as a passive shelter for patients, they should also as a human unity living at the same time as the cancer crisis. In cancer care, caregivers have many responsibilities, from diagnosis to the end of life. While there are studies conducted to evaluate the quality of life of cancer patients in Turkey and other countries, there are a limited number of studies evaluating the quality of life of caregivers of cancer patients. It was aimed to performed in our country for validity and reliability of "Singapore Caregiver Quality Of Life Scale", which was planned based on this deficiency, and to be a guide for the evaluation of the quality of the life of the relatives or carers of different cultures, different ethnic groups and determining the nursing care strategies. MethodsThis study, which was planned as a methodological and descriptive study, was caried out with 550 caregivers in two university hospitals in Izmir. The data were collected by using the Individual Presentation Form, Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale and Quality of Life Scale in Cancer Patients Family Version. Written informed consent was obtained from hospitals and individuals. ResultsThe analysis of the findings is ongoing and will be shared in the full text. ConclusionsQuality of life of caregivers of cancer patients is an important indicator of the quality of life of the patient. In this study, Turkish validation sfudies of the "Singapore Caregiver Quality Of Life Scale" were conducted. The results will be shared later. Legal entity responsible for the studyThe authors. FundingHas not received any funding. DisclosureAll authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Cloud-Based Education As a Service (CEAAS) System Requirements Specification Model of Higher Education Institutions in Industrial Revolution 4.0

In today’s higher education institutions (HEIs), intelligentization and digitization of education process are greatly required. Production industries are presently making changes from large-scale production to specialized or customized production. The term Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) represents the fourth industrial revolution; the present movement or inclination of automation and data exchange and sharing in manufacturing technologies with the main aim of satisfying the individual customer desire and needs. The quick progressions in production technologies and its uses in the industries enhance production efficiency and change the workplace from tasks-based to the human-focused features. Higher education in the IR 4.0 (HE 4.0) is a complex, intricate and intriguing opportunity which has the potential to change the society for the better. The convergence and integration of man and machine will decrease the subject distance between social science and humanity and also technology and science. This will definitely need in-depth and diverse interdisciplinary teaching, research and innovation. Cloud computing (CC) as an IR 4.0 contributing technology, provides a novel means of educating people that will ultimately disrupt the present HEIs systems. Cloud-based education as a service in the era of fourth industry (CEaaS 4.0) can deliver education services in the shortest, most effective, and best affordability. The aim of this study is to propose a CEaaS system requirements specification (SRS) model that includes functional and non-fictional requirements; aligned with IR 4.0, the next industrial revolution.

VSE-yedinstvo li vseyedinstvo L. P. Karsavina? (Fenomenologiya vseyedinstva v filosofii, religii i sakral'nom iskusstve)

The article is an attempt to ground the idea of all-unity, not limited by the confessional boun­daries of Orthodox Christianity. It is shown that “philosophy of all-unity” is “eternal”, it is rooted in antiquity and is most vividly represented in the mystical teachings of Plotinus, Pseudo-Dio­ny­sius the Areopagite, N. Kuzans­ky, Rama­kri­sh­na and Bahá'u'lláh, naturally integrated into the philosophy of cosmism, theory of organicism, philosophy of cordocentrism. It is argued that the real all-unity, which is based on the idea of one God, consists in the recognition of the profound unity of all religions and all the elements of the universe. It is revealed that all-unity is manifested in the sacred art of various religions, in which, in spite of apparent differences, some common principles and ideas may be found. Analyzing the sacral art of Christianity, Islam and Chan Buddhism the author identifies common ideas about the birth of the world from the Light, manifestation of God’s Word and creation of the world out of Emptiness. The author insists on the unity of God-Creator in Christianity, Tao in Taoism, and Emptiness in Buddhism. As an illustration to the all-unity the symbolism of “The Vitru­vian Man” drawn by Leonardo da Vinci is analyzed: the unity of man and God, micro- and macrocosm; the Universe as a single organism; the image of the united humankind, in which every human being has his own function; and the nature of every human being.

Absolute, Idea, Ideal in a Philosophical Tradition

The aim of the research is to explain the category of the «absolute» in philosophical reflection as an ultimate goal of culture work and art. The object of the scientific research is the unity of philosophical and cultural reflection; the subject of the scientific research is the category of the “absolute” in philosophical reflection. The methodology of the research is based on the cultural-historical reconstruction of the absolute as an unconditional, unrestricted principle, as a philosophical category, which determines the basis of the universe, the fullness of being and the perfection of the world. For this purpose, methods of analysis and synthesis, structural method, systemic and comparative approaches were used. The scientific novelty of the research is about defining the certain ontological concepts of the absolute as follows: the basis, completeness as a certain value metric (intensive and extensive) of perfection of the human world; the desire to achieve the highest degree of harmony that is reflected in the unity of Man and the World. Conclusions. Consequently, we can say that after World War II the philosophers discovered the world of existential infinity of being, when K. Yapers started to talk about metaphysical guilt, and M. Buber was more direct, when said that the pre-distancing of man attitude to God is the basis of attitude man to man. These philosophers generate such moves of thought in philosophy, which, of course, relate to the Absolute as the Ideal. It is worth mentioning that the question of the Absolute is infinite, as well as the question of the essence of philosophy in its tradition, but it has its core, which is rooted in the fact that teleology as a goal-setting in human existence finds its completeness in the Theocentrism, in a dialogue or polylogue with the Absolute, meeting with a great Another. The thought-meeting is phenomenologically clearly structured as the constitution of “the I” and the world at the same time as the constitution of the Absolute. It gives hope and confusion at the same time; it helps to understand that the existence of “the I” in another, anderssein is a certain strangeness as another “the I” of a musician, performer, composer, and philosopher.

On History of Romantic Overturn in Modernist Mythology

The paper deals with a Greek myth adopted by modern scholars, which is hypothetically treated not as an authentic picture of antiquity, but philosophical construct, developed by early German romantics on the basis of Kantian discourse. The myth-narration was understood as a way of mental transformation of the hostile environment (embodied by the rite of human sacrifice) in terms of its humanization, aesthetization, heroization, intellectualization; the purpose of individual existence was interpreted as a unity of nature, society and the person, immersion in the ‘myth-environment’ being a condition for such unity. A further evolution of the myth took place due to civilizational shifts in Europe, which ‘fragmented’ human unity and destroyed the original unity of mythology. The modernist myth (Joyce, Messiaen, Bachelard) gave place to deintellectualization, particularization and desocialization of public life that urged to turn towards the blind nature ‘before civilization’ and stimulated indifference about the last preceding stages of culture. The life force was understood as returning to pure instinct that indicates the presence of nature in man. The distinction between sophisticated connoisseurs of culture and the bourgeois ‘mass’ became especially sharp; the ‘myth’ got really destructed by transferring it from actual life to the setting of everyday comfort, bypassing the spiritual state of the individual. The ‘myth of intertextuality’ (book myth, new-Alexandrian myth) is characteristic of the period of decline, as it is oriented not towards a living person and ‘life force’, but towards narration. This tendency was most vividly reflected in N. Frye’s mythological theory (about literature as myth-making).

Fusion into One: Exploring the Complementarity of Shitao’s Waterfall on Mount Lu and Its Inscribed Poem

Shitao’s famous poem-painting Waterfall on Mount Lu has generated a great interest in the field of Chinese paintings. However, the purpose of the work remains a topic of discussion among scholars. From the standpoint of complementarity of poetry and painting, this paper discusses the work through a close examination of the painting and its inscribed poem. The interartistic features of the painting and the poem are interpreted in terms of their themes, structures, and imagery. The Chinese aesthetic concept of artistic mood (yijing) is employed to illustrate the connection among these elements. This paper demonstrates that the holistic approach to the poem-painting helps illuminate its Daoist theme of unity of man and nature. This paper also highlights a structural contrast between the secular world and the eternal world expressed in the peom-painting.

Vedolizumab Does Not Impair Sperm DNA Integrity in Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Vedolizumab Does Not Impair Sperm DNA Integrity in Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Environmental Recovery and Social and Urban Rehabilitation. Characterization and decision factors for Revitalization works of the Mindu stream.

With global pressure caused by man-made abuses often fraught with environmental impacts, world leaders have been strongly influenced to harmonize the way humans occupy the space they inhabit. This scenario results that the Public Administration reaches the most diverse locations with a view to promoting a better integration of man into the environment. In this sense, Brazil has developed, in recent years, improved legislation that affects local policies. In the municipality of Manaus, efforts have been made in this way to sustain through legislation guidelines the scope of this improvement. As an example of a search for adequacy with the laws and regiments, the Municipality of Manaus has begun the revitalization of the banks of the Mindu stream. This study sought to understand the reasons that encouraged the emergence of this municipal project. Initially a section was chosen for a more detailed analysis. Problems of socio environmental interaction were identified that caused stimulation in Public Management. To do so, we used the technical surveys made for the area in question, in order to provide a critical opinion on the data used as a starting point in planning the changes in the implementation process. The results contribute to the understanding of how civil works are important intervention tools of the Public Power, given their potential of multidisciplinary aspect in a single administrative act.

ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПРАВОСЛАВ'Я: ПЕРЕПОНИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The history of the emergence of the CPU takes a rather insignificant amount of time in the development of an independent Ukrainian state in comparison, for example, with the Russian Orthodox Church. The article deals with the state of modern Orthodoxy in the process of its formation and the problems of relations with the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Different variants of searches, which were carried out in the course of creation of PPC and receipt of Tomos (autocephaly), are explored. The development of relations between the former UOC-KP and the UOC-MP, as well as mechanisms for resolving inter-church and inter-confessional conflicts on the way to achieving inter-church accord, is analyzed. It has been established that interconfessional conflict is a significant factor in the development and formation of state-building in our country. The solution of the current conflict between the PPC and the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine is possible only on the basis of mutual tolerance of the aforementioned churches. The article examines the state of modern Orthodoxy during its formation and the problems of relations with the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Various variants of searches carried out in the course of creation of PPC and receipt of it by Tomos (autocephaly) are studied. The period of development of relations between the former UOC-KP and the UOC-MP, the ways of resolving inter-church and inter-confessional conflict by reaching inter-church agreement is analyzed. The historic path of the emergence of the CEC took a fairly small period in the period of the independent Ukrainian state in comparison, for example, with the Russian Orthodox Church. It has been established that inter-confessional conflict is an important factor in the development and establishment of state-building in our country. The solution of the current conflict relations between the PPC and the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine is possible only under the condition of joint tolerization of the two above mentioned churches. In today's globalization, religion appears to be one of the main dominant human beings. Taking into account such global changes we can fix the formation of the network concept of culture (B. Wellman, F. Crotiff, E. Marc, L.-K. Frime, R. Hassan). Most of the works of representatives of Ukrainian religious studies devoted, unfortunately, to the theoretical understanding of the concept of "religion", the peculiarities of its functioning, and the practical use of many concepts to the social structure of society. We also need to focus our attention on socio-cultural changes taking place in Ukrainian society; on the interconnection of economic, political and ideological spheres. At the same time, each sphere should be considered as independent, but at the same time as one constantly interacting with others. It is this interaction that manifests both the integrity of man and the main characteristics of religion. It should be noted that today we observe the maximum tension in the socio-political and, in particular, the religious-church life of Ukraine through the action of the inter-Orthodox conflict; therefore, the main and important is the way of its settlement, especially now when the CEC got the long-awaited Tomos from Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople.