Concept Of Unity Research Articles

Pluralism and the unity of science: physics and political epistemology in Cassirer’s phenomenology of knowledge

AbstractIn this article, we analyse how Ernst Cassirer’s approach of a phenomenology of knowledge deals with the general question of disunity in science and society. By elaborating on the concept of functional unity, which presupposes difference, Cassirer’s work helps to revise foundational concepts of modern science and society, such as pluralism and truth. Relating Cassirer’s approach to the current interest in political epistemology, we show the implications of Cassirer’s theory of knowledge and analyses of modern science, particularly physics. In these analyses, Cassirer carves out the relational logic of scientific knowledge and its consequences on epistemological and ethico-political levels. While this logic of relations relativises absolute claims on either level, it entails its distinct normative criteria as elements of the scientific ideal. Cassirer’s project defends this ideal and thus can simultaneously defend plurality in science (including the humanities) in terms of methods, perspectives and aims, and preserve the unity of science as a normative ideal and symbolic form in constant interaction with other forms. Thus, Cassirer’s pluralism must be distinguished from mere historicist or relativist conceptions.

Principal Results of the Project Implemented by the Research and Educational Center for Altaic and Turkic Studies “Greater Altai”

We outline the result of collaboration by a team of more than sixty researchers from 22 Russian and 13 foreign institutions under the project implemented by the Research and Educational Center for Altaic and Turkic Studies “Greater Altai” in 2022–2023. Six archaeological and four ethnographic expeditions were carried out in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic. Findings concern the origin of the Turkic ethno-cultural complex and its spread across Central Asia. Archaeological surveys revealed new sites, many of which were excavated, and some were included in the museum projects. Extensive photographic and volumetric documentation was conducted. In the course of ethnographic expeditions, Turkic epic texts were collected, many elements of traditional culture were revealed, showing parallels between Altaic and Kyrgyzian traditions. Also ethnographic parallels were documented between Slavic and Turkic cultures of the Greater Altai. These were used to elaborate the concept of Slavo-Turkic unity, which has both theoretical and practical implications.

Human Values in Buddhist Philosophy: A Review

The purpose of this study is to depict human values in Buddhist philosophy. This research is completed in three steps: 1. to present a brief overview on basic human values, 2. to present a brief overview on human values in Buddhist philosophy, 3. the need for human values in today’s society. Buddhist philosophy is a philosophy of human essence. This philosophy teaches people the true human values necessary to become complete human beings. That if held, human life can be shaped and inspired by true human values. And human values are the first condition for building order and just society. Human values refer to relatively stable beliefs composed of a number of attitudes. Human values are the thoughts, goals and objectives that govern and guide human behavior, practices and activities. Fairness, honesty and decency serve as the foundation of human values. Respecting elders, serving others, good manners, tolerance, fairness, honesty etc. are examples of human values. Human values accelerate the mental development of the individual. And by thus developing personality it paves the way for good governance and puts an end to social decay. A child acquires values from family, school, community, playmates, society and traditions. These rules are also the main criteria for the formation of human values. Basically the things that deserve to be human characteristics and qualities are human values. As a result of nurturing these human values, ideological, religious or sacred issues are awakened over time. Through the concept of emotional and ideological unity, human values emerge psychologically in a person, which order and improve the state, society and family. And in this world, the teaching of Buddhist philosophy has strengthened human values among mankind. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present basic human values and human values in Buddhist philosophy, the need for human values in today’s society as well. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 131-149

Memperkuat Persatuan Bangsa di Era Globalisasi Mahasiswa Prodi Teknik Elektro Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

The era of globalization brings big challenges to the unity of the Indonesian nation, including among students. This research focuses on the role of Electrical Engineering Study Program students at PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya in strengthening national unity amidst globalization. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews and participatory observation of 5 Electrical Engineering students. The research results show that students can contribute through: 1) Understanding and interpreting the concept of national unity, 2) Applying the principles of unity in their daily activities, 3) Working together with students from other majors to strengthen national unity, 4) Contributing to maintaining national values in the era of globalization, 5) Using social media responsibly.

CAN AUTOMATIC POETRY GENERATION INFUSE VALUES? UNVEILING INSIGHTS THROUGH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GENERATED POETRY

This research examines the value underlying poetry created by artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to uncover the complex interaction of religious, philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic values presented in poetry. Eighteen poems generated by three different AI platforms were analyzed using the content analysis method to identify their social values. The results of this research demonstrate the presence of (1) religious values by revealing the AI’s ability to explore traditional and cultural barriers, highlighting themes of spirituality and faith, (2) philosophical values through the exploration of questions of human existence and the nature of reality, showing the AI's capacity to engage with deep existential themes, (3) ethical values by promoting concepts of unity, fairness, and justice, reflecting deeper humanistic perspectives and societal ideals, and (4) aesthetic values by showcasing an interest in the influence of technology and a profound admiration for the natural world's wonders, integrating modern innovation with timeless beauty. In conclusion, AI-generated poetry successfully captures a broad spectrum of human values, enriching literary traditions and intellectual discussions. This intersection of AI and poetry not only highlights technological advancements in creative fields but also opens new avenues for exploring how machines can contribute to cultural and artistic expressions, fostering a deeper understanding of the human condition and societal values.

The “Whole” in Our Holiness: New Covenant Wholeness in James 1

Abstract This article argues that the new covenant promises in Jer 31:31–34 and Isa 52:11–54:17 stand as key theological antecedents to Jas 1. This background informs the author’s meaning of the concept of wholeness. This “new covenant wholeness” connects the central themes in the chapter: Steadfastness through travails produce wholeness (1:4). God’s wholeness is put on display as he gives “generously” to all (1:5), and his gifts are “whole” (1:17). New covenant members have received the “implanted word” (1:21) and show no division between faith and action through their meditation on the “perfect law of liberty” (1:25).

Вл. Соловьев и его время в оценке А.Ф. Лосева

The article considers A.F. Losev's analysis of the philosophy of unity of V. Solovyov, carried out by him in the book “V. Solovyov and his time”. The comparative method and techniques of historical and philosophical reconstruction are used. Methodological guidelines for comparing the views of Solovyov and Losev are formulated. The main attention is paid to the characteristic of Solovyov's theoretical philosophy. The categorical structures of the concept of unity and its basic categories are revealed. The question of to what extent Solovyov's teaching can be considered mysticism is discussed. Losev's characterization of Solovyov's concept as a classical type of philosophy is explained. The national aspect of his theoretical ideas is highlighted. The content of Solovyov's image-concept of Sofia is considered, as well as the critical remarks of Losev, who discovers the contradiction contained in it. It is argued that Solovyov's understanding of evolution cannot be considered as a variant of religious natural philosophy. It is noted that cosmology, developed by the philosopher, organically transforms into anthropology, permeated with the Messianic idea of human vocation. He formulated the idea of the need to save the world through its rebirth under the influence of communion with the divine principle. The fruitful influence of Solovyov's concept on V.F. Erna, Vyacheslav Ivanov, A.N. Berdyaev, S.L. Frank – all subsequent Russian philosophy. The article concludes that A.F. Losev's book is a deep and independent study of V. Solovyov's philosophical concept, and his analysis sets important guidelines for the development of modern theoretical thought.

Poljsko-hrvatski odnosi u kontekstu djelovanja Krakovskog slavističkog društva početkom XX. stoljeća

The article explores the activities of Krakow Slavists at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, focusing on their stance toward the Croats, particularly their culture, history, and mutual relations. The aim of the article is to illustrate how Slavic enthusiasts from Galicia perceived the role of Poles in the broader Pan-Slavist movement. This is a crucial topic because South Slavic historiography often propagated the claim that Poles were opposed to the idea of Slavic cooperation. Figures such as Marian Zdziechowski, Tadeusz Stanisław Grabowski, and Jan Magiera contradict this assertion. Opposing Pan-Slavism or Neo-Slavism did not imply that Poles rejected Slavic collaboration, but rather the role of Russia. In their opinion, Russia did not act in the Slavs’ interest but against them, pursuing the Greater Russian goals of the Tsarist regime. Consequently, they proposed alternative solutions, emphasising the central role of Polish culture and advocating for collaboration among Slavic nations on equal terms. Thanks to their knowledge of Slavic languages and cultures, Krakow Slavists maintained numerous contacts with individuals from various Slavic countries, including Croatia. After World War I, some Poles and South Slavs continued this line of thought, believing that Poland should become the cultural centre of Slavic heritage. A section of the article is dedicated to demonstrating the stance of key representatives of the Krakow Slavophile community towards Croats, supported by a detailed analysis of texts concerning Croats published in the monthly journal Świat Słowiański. This publication served as the press organ for this community, featuring contributions from foreign authors. The journal aimed to promote the Polish concept of Slavic unity and familiarise the Galician public with the issues of Slavs within and outside the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

Ecumenical Challenge in the Third Millennium

Ecumenical movement is a Christian attempt to unite the fragmented Christian denominations, which has not materialized. From this failure, this paper aimed at finding out the ecumenical challenge in the third millennium. This study followed a qualitative approach that employs content analysis of historical data. It described theological and hermeneutical themes in five sections. The first section gives a brief working definition of three theological terms, millennium, third millennium and filioque controversy. The second section focuses on the description of the ecumenical movement in the third millennium. The third section gives a hermeneutical understanding of biblical teaching on unity. The fourth section presents the contrast between the biblical teaching on unity and the concept of unity in the ecumenical movement in the third millennium. The last section presents the challenges that face the ecumenical movement in the third millennium. Base on the findings, the study concludes that the challenge that faces the ecumenical movement is disregarding the biblical concept of unity and neglecting doctrinal differences among Christian denominations. Therefore, the study recommends that unity should be sought in accordance with biblical truth; moreover, the quest for unity should focus on solving the doctrinal differences among Christian denominations.

Unity or Uniformity?

On 7 February 2024, Uttarakhand government passed UCC bill which lays down uniform laws for marriage, divorce, inheritance, amongst all the religions. Though these institutions were governed by personal laws of the respective religion, but now government is trying to strike Down those customary laws and bring uniformity in the country. India being a secular state allows every individual to profess their religion under the article 25 to 29. India is well known for its concept of Unity in Diversity which means that despite of cultural and religious differences, India is one. Here all the individuals are given equal rights, and every religion is respected equally, their customs, traditions and practices are taken care of. In this article, we will discuss the repercussions of UCC, where it takes our nation and how it challenges our constitution.

A Welsh Vision of Empire? Welsh Imperialists and the Indian Empire

Neither Welsh history nor imperial history has given much attention to the Welsh connection with empire. While English, Scottish, and Irish imperial history have been developed in recent decades, Wales has been largely ignored. In relation to India, there have been projects on missionaries and the East India Company, but little that focuses on Welsh imperialists during the period of Crown Rule. Despite having a smaller presence than other British nationalities, the Welsh were present in India between 1858–1947, and interacted with imperialism in ways which were distinctly Welsh. This research will explore the Welsh in India during this period and how their Welsh identity interacted with the empire to create a unique Welsh conception of imperialism. Constructed in the domestic press, it emphasised Welsh understanding of indigenous peoples through their own experience of being a minority within the UK and attached itself to a strong sense of Britishness manifested in loyalty to the empire. This ideology, however, had limited impact on the ground in India, with Welsh imperialists generally conforming to the racial and class norms of British India. Welsh imperialism remained a prism through which the Welsh thought about themselves rather than a method of action. Examining this experience adds new dimensions to imperial thinking, especially in relation to how faith and language were transported, reimagined, and contested in the colonial sphere. It demonstrates how the British exported their national and regional ideological baggage which continued to influence their thinking, despite being removed from the physical landscape in which they were forged. Welsh people like Sir Lawrence Jenkins and the missionaries of the Northeast of India had tangible impacts on the colonial space which were fundamentally inspired by their Welshness. This greatly adds to our understanding of how British imperialism operated and has implications far beyond India.

Double inclined cracks overlapping effect on mixed stress intensity factors using XFEM object-oriented implementation

The object of research is the Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factor (MMSIF) of a two-dimensional (2D) plate. With the emergence of modern technologies and advanced innovations which contribute to the development and improvement of the design, implementation and management of construction projects, it has become easier. However, it is very difficult to manufacture components free from unavoidable defects, such as cracks, which lead to material deterioration and ultimately shorten its service life. Based on the process of local enrichment region using partition of unity concept, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has overcome the limitations of the standard FEM method in terms of modeling and numerical simulation of discontinuities (cracks) while gaining its general advantages. This makes XFEM a powerful and widely used digital tool in recent years. One of the most frequently raised problems in the discontinuities field (cracks) is the phenomenon of juxtaposition of multiple cracks in a cracked isotropic plate, which must be studied to determine the extent of its effect on the crack stress intensity factor in order to obtain higher safety reliability. On this basis, an improved object-oriented programming (OOP) with extended finite elements was used because of its great importance and well-known benefits. In this paper, the MMSIF of a 2D plate is determined to show the effect of the out-of-phase orientation of the angle, as well as the effect of the juxtaposition of two inclined cracks. As a result of the research, it is shown that, the convergence between the results obtained in this study with those reported in the literature, and to theoretical values is remarkable, and their close agreement was noted. In the future, based on the object-oriented approach characteristics represented by flexibility, scalability, and modularity, which were explained in this research, this proposed approach can be enriched to include heterogeneous materials modeling, whether linear or nonlinear, crack propagation in dynamics, in addition to Complex 3D industrial problems.

EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING THE MILITARY-MEMORIAL SPHERE OF BELARUS IN SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN KNOWLEDGE

The article analyzes the main tendencies of Belarusian and foreign historiography in the study of historical policy, memory policy, military-memorial sphere in general and burial sites of the Great Patriotic War in Belarus in particular from the point of view of interdisciplinary approach. The research is based on the problem-thematic principle, which allows the author to consider the process of development of historical knowledge in their conceptual unity.

Trends in the development of EU energy policy at the present stage

The issue of energy security and energy independence of the EU is one of the key factors in ensuring the stable development of the association. The subject of the study is the energy concepts of the European Union. The object of the study is the modern energy policy of the EU countries. The countries of the European Union are among the world's largest importers and exporters of energy resources, and therefore one of the criteria for EU energy security is the creation of secure logistics chains for uninterrupted energy supplies, since this factor has always been one of the most important problems in energy security. However, despite all the data that the European Union has, this area is a source of numerous problems for ensuring energy security that the EU faces at the current stage of its development. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic analysis and a geo-economic approach. The systematic approach was used in the work to identify the reasons for the transformation of EU energy concepts in the context of the energy crisis. The geo-economic approach allows us to qualitatively consider this issue from the point of view of economics and geopolitics of the countries of Eastern and Western Europe in the context of energy transition. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the concept of energy security in the complex in the context of energy transfer. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the energy policy of the European Union, numerous new initiatives and documents related to this area, as well as the development of the concept of green energy. The authors highlight the challenges that the EU will face on the way to building a stable and safe energy sector. The paper also examines the impact of the EU's energy policy on the concept of European unity. Attention is being paid to the EU's attempts to diversify energy supplies, which plays an important role in the context of the Ukrainian crisis and complications from the loss of Russian supplies. The authors conclude that the lack of internal unity within the EU does not allow for an effective and sustainable energy policy, since the European Union does not have a common energy legislation, and infrastructure development between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe is overly diversified, which does not allow us to talk about the transformation of energy policy in the EU countries at the present stage.

Revisiting the ideological negotiation of Indonesian identity, 1900–1942

ABSTRACT This paper examines the discourses on Indonesian identity as they were negotiated by Indonesian intellectuals in the late colonial period, 1900–1942. During this period, ethnic diversity and Islamism constituted key issues in which different intellectuals exchanged their thoughts as to what it meant to be an Indonesian. This paper argues that, while various ideological discourses for the formation of Indonesian national identity had developed in the early twentieth century, the depth that these discourses were debated and agreed upon by the Indonesian intellectual elite was asymetrical. Strong nationalist discourses had promoted a key political instrument by which to unite a people of diverse ethnicity, race, and religion. On the other hand, the debates on the discourse of Islamic identity during the same period lacked consensus among Muslim scholars and between Islamists and secular nationalists, especially concerning the concept of unity, nationalism, and independence, and the role of women and polygamy. Notwithstanding this, Javanese Islamic syncretism and the colonial containment policy towards Islam also contributed as external factors which served to constrain Islamists from positing an overt Islamic identity. Concurrently, it raised the nationalists’ racial transcendence as a shared value of being Indonesian.

Unitatis amatrix natura Le problème de l’unité chez Pascal

This study aims to clarify the relationship between nature and God in Pascalian thought. This relationship is based on the concept of unity. In a letter of 1648, Pascal wrote that God is present in nature through the ontological and formal unity of things which represents perfect divine unity. A few years later, through his mathematical research, Pascal discovered the principle of double infinity which he considered to be the essential attribute of nature. The unity of nature is defined as the omnipresence of double infinity in nature. However, these two interpretations of unity are mutually exclusive because double infinity destroys all ontological and formal unity in things. The question is how Pascal maintains the relationship between nature and God if the principle of double infinity destroys formal unity in nature. The paper argues that the presence of the double infinite in nature does not destroy the relationship of resemblance and representation between nature and God but makes it more complex. The double infinite does not represent God in nature directly but is inscribed in things as the image of the hidden God.

Wholeness as a fundamental category in describing the nature of personality

The concept of wholeness, which is one of the main concepts in the description of personality, is discussed. In psychology, wholeness is considered as a characteristic of personality and as a requirement for its study. In traditional approaches to understanding wholeness, it is described through the relative constancy of personality substructures, interconnected, or, in dynamic approaches, through the development of wholeness based on the connection of existing structures with the emergence of new formations. Violation of the principle of integrity in research studying individual components of personality became one of the main reasons for the crisis in personality psychology of the twentieth century. Difficulties in studying the wholeness of personality are associated, among other things, with differences in its interpretations, with the polysemy and uncertainty of the concepts that describe it, which is demonstrated by the results of the analysis of the conceptual field in scientific discourse. It is proposed to consider wholeness as a fundamental category in the description of personality, along with the categories of variability and stability. Wholeness is understood as an integral characteristic that works at different levels of the functional organization of the individual, which correlate with the contexts of the individual’s life. In accordance with the developed processual approach, integrity is a dynamic formation, the balance of which is ensured by the balance of the processes of change and stability; the content of the conjugate action of these processes is the “completion” of the stability of the individual due to the changes that occur.

Формирование профессиональной готовности педагогов дошкольной образовательной организации к реализации модели здоровьесберегающей деятельности

The article describes the professional readiness of pre-school teachers to provide health safety at work, both for themselves and their educatees. It introduces results of a scientific literature review and a scientific test of a model of health-saving activities. The experiment made it possible to test the methodological approaches derived from available publications and interpret the obtained results. The research relied on the concept of an aggregate unity of psychological, physical, and biological components in anthropological studies. As a result, the model of health-saving pre-school activities was developed using a number of approaches that centered on such ideas as system, health science, competence, axiology, culture, and activity. The model and the review can be used at pre-schools to develop an educational environment that provides both children and teachers with health-saving activities. The research also offers criteria and indicators for measuring the effectiveness of pedagogical management in the process of developing the health-saving competence in pre-school teachers.

Sri Aurobindo-The Pioneer of Human Unity: Relevance in Today’s World

Sri Aurobindo was one of the thinkers and philosophers who emerged in the pure land of India in the nineteenth century. The transition of the revolutionary Aurobindo to the sage Aurobindo, who participated in the liberation war of the country from colonial rule and exploitation by the imperialist British power, was a breakthrough moment. In Sri Aurobindo’s thinking, at the meeting place of our world consciousness, the inanimate is real to the mind (cit), and so is the truth to the mind and inanimate because the world is the soul and mind pervaded by consciousness, the light of one whole being. They are bridges between two entities. In this article, I shall discuss the aspect of Sri Aurobindo’s establishment of universal unity by referring to the different aspects of his transition to the superman through the stages of the higher mind, illuminated mind, intuitive mind, and overmind. Next, I will analyse Sri Aurobindo's concept of unity through yoga. I shall also focus on the enlightened awareness of spiritual unity following Sri Aurobindo. Then, how Sri Aurobindo explains the real progress of civilization through Supermind will be discussed briefly. Next, I would also highlight Sri Aurobindo’s thought on the integral approach to human unity. Finally, I would like to conclude the paper through a discussion of contemporary relevance and the need for real unity today.

Hacking on Unity, or How to Pluralize the History and Philosophy of the Sciences

In this paper, we analyze Ian Hacking’s conception of unity regarding the sciences and try to use his categorization to reinterpret some of the major unitarian philosophies of science of the twentieth century. In two of his papers, Hacking (1992a, 1996) proposed a dual notion of unity – “singleness” and “harmonious integration” –, which, although apparently simple, help us complexify the very notion of unity and its counterpart, plurality. To do so, and after a short review of unity qua ideology (section 2), we shall look into Hacking’s classification of unities and its relation to plurality in the sciences (section 3); then, we shall describe and qualify the notions of scientific unity in some of the most relevant philosophies of science (section 4); finally (section 5), we shall use this analysis to engage with and criticize the notion of “special sciences” and its relationship to the notion of “general science”. One of the main conclusions will be that a pluralist conception of unity is possible through the notion of integration.