Units In Poland Research Articles

Transformation of the Business Process Manager Profession in Poland: The Impact of Digital Technologies

The increasing role of emerging technologies, such as big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive technologies, cloud computing, and mobile technologies, is essential to the business process manager profession’s sustainable development. Nevertheless, these technologies could involve new challenges in labor markets. The era of intelligent business process management (BPM) has begun, but how does it look in real labor markets? This paper examines the hypothesis that the transformation of the business process manager profession has been caused by certain determinants that involve the need for an improvement in BPM skills. The main contribution is a model of the dimensions of the impact of digital technologies on business process management supplemented with skills that influence the business process manager profession. The paper fills the gap in research on perspectives of the impact of digital technologies on business process management, considering both a literature analysis and labor market research. The purpose of the literature review was to identify the core dimensions that drive the use of emerging technologies in business process management. The labor market study was conducted in order to analyze the current demand for core skills of business process managers in the Polish labor market with a particular emphasis on the intelligent BPM concept. Additionally, to study the determinants that slow down the iBPM concept’s development, the digital intensity level of the enterprises and public administration units in Poland was studied. Finally, a fuzzy cognitive map presenting the core determinants of the business process manager profession’s transformation is described.

The Dedicated Education Units model in the practical education of midwifery students

Abstract Aim. Identifying hindering and facilitating factors of introducing Dedicated Education Unit model in the process of midwifery students education at Medical University of Warsaw. Furthermore, to describe the experiences of project participants involved in the implementation and evaluation of Dedicated Education Units in Poland. Material and methods. Six participants, who implemented the project of introducing DEU into practice classes at midwife course at Medical University of Warsaw, has taken part in qualitative descriptive research with focus groups. Four main questions have been chosen for the focus group. Data has been interpreted using thematic analysis. Results. No obstacles preventing from implementing Dedicated Education Units model have been noticed. Among problems with implementing the following were mentioned: lack of awareness of the point of this model among midwives, time-consuming nature/overloaded mentors, lack of extra payment for being a mentor, underappreciation of a mentor in the working environment. Factors, which ease the implementation, were considered the following: cooperation, including concentration on common aims, good communication, proper organisation of the classes and creating a safe and supportive learning environment. Conclusions. The Dedicated Education Units enables students to broaden and develop their practical skills in an exceptional way in safe and supporting educational environment. Using this model in practical education is one of the key elements in improving the quality of practical education for midwifery students.

The Comparison of Three Assessment Scales in a Neonatal Unit in Poland

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the following three assessments: the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and the General Movement Assessment (GMA). 29 patients from the neonatal unit of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital were examined. The study was conducted between feedings by a person properly trained in the use of the NBAS, the AIMS, and the GMA. The average postmenstrual age of the examined newborns was 35.6 weeks. The average week of gestation was the 29th, the average birth weight was 1469 g, and the Median Apgar score in the fifth minute of life was 7. A relationship was found between the AIMS and the NBAS. It was concluded that the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale may be used to determine the motor development of preterm infants. Moreover, it is advisable to use more than one assessment method in order to adjust the intervention.

Geographical Differences in the Quality of Life in Poland: Challenges of Regional Policy

Commonly used in human geography, quality of life (QOL) refers to the way and degree to which objective human needs are met, not only existential ones, but also those regarding the development of the human personality. This article diagnoses QOL understood in this way in Poland and its changes between 2004 and 2018 (i.e. during modernization), which saw the continuation of systemic transformation after joining the EU. To fully identify the regularity of spatial differences in the analysed phenomenon, 380 local units are used as reference points. First, we formulated an operational definition of multifaceted QOL with its separate dimensions, as well as selecting and constructing organized indicators that can be determined at the local level. Then we quantified local differences in the rate of growth and the level of QOL using multivariate analysis. Third, on the basis of the obtained results, we sought to reach the most significant conclusions: (1) the dynamic economic growth, enjoyed in Poland in 2004–2018, did not change significantly the spatial diversity of the quality of life on a local level. (2) To a large extent, the persistent differences in the quality of life in Poland are related to the historical spatial differences in the level of urbanisation and the well-established, traditional economic structure of the specific territorial units. (3) A higher degree of urbanisation coupled with the service- and service and industry-related functional nature of the local units in Poland are conducive to a better quality of life. This confirms the regularities observed in the countries on the verge of a rapid economic development.

Influenza in patients with respiratory failure admitted to intensive care units in Poland and the use of extracorporeal respiratory support: a survey-based multicenter study

BackgroundIn Poland, little is known about the most serious cases of influenza that need admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU), as well as the use of extracorporeal respiratory support.MethodsThis was an electronic survey comprising ICUs in two administrative regions of Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the number of influenza patients with respiratory failure admitted to the ICU in the autumn–winter season of 2018/2019. Furthermore, respiratory support, outcome and other pathogens detected in the airways were investigated.ResultsInfluenza infection was confirmed in 76 patients. The A(H1N1)pdm09 strain was the most common. 34 patients died (44.7%). The median age was 62 years, the median sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was 11 and was higher in patients who died (12 vs. 10, p = 0.017). Mechanical ventilation was used in 75 patients and high flow nasal oxygen therapy in 1 patient. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used in 7 patients (6 survived), and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in 2 (1 survived). The prone position was used in 16 patients. In addition, other pathogens were detected in the airways on admittance to the ICU.ConclusionA substantial number of influenza infections occurred in the autumn–winter season of 2018/2019 that required costly treatment in the intensive care units. Upon admission to the ICU, influenza patients had a high degree of organ failure as assessed by the SOFA score, and the mortality rate was 44.7%. Advanced extracorporeal respiratory techniques offer real survival opportunities to patients with severe influenza-related ARDS. The presence of coinfection should be considered in patients with influenza and respiratory failure.

Integrated care as a competitiveness factor of the ambulatory health care units

IntroductionIn the most developed countries, the healthcare sector amounts from 7 to even 17% of GDP, which makes it one of the largest sectors of the economy. At the same time, health needs, associated with the process of aging, are still growing. It leads to an increase in the number of new healthcare units and at the same time to increased competition in the market. The issue of competition in healthcare is more complicated than in other sectors of the economy. The services provided on the healthcare market have their specificity which comes from the fact that they save human life and health. Therefore, the healthcare market is specific and different from the typical free market, and the competitiveness of enterprises operating in it is strongly dependent on the healthcare sector determinants. The special role in achieving a competitiveness advantage at the market plays integrated care.Theory/Methods The aim of the study was to identify the competitiveness factors of the ambulatory healthcare units in Poland, including analysis of the role of integrated care. In the research process, literature analysis in the fields of competition theory and determinants of the healthcare system was conducted. The empirical research in the form of case studies for selected by purposeful sampling method, healthcare units was carried out.Results and disscusion The obtained cognitive results relate to the definition of the competitiveness of the healthcare unit, which includes the quality and innovativeness of the offered healthcare. All selected companies notice the need for coopetition and undertake the cooperation with competitors in order to meet the population health needs in the region. All of them implement integrated care, but in different ways. The study also includes recommendations of good management practices, which, as the research results show, are the most effective in the use of intangible resources in the field of integrated care.Conclusions and lessons learned To conclude could be said, that the main motive of competing ambulatory healthcare units is the implementation of a specific mission, which is to serve the patient and care for the health of the population. This could be done using a tools of intergrade care concept, which should base on intangible resources. It is also important, that the sectoral conditions significantly affect competitiveness of the healthcare units. The final competitiveness factors of the ambulatory healthcare units were presented on author’s model-based conceptualization.Suggestions for future research and limitations As a limitation could be mentioned the qualitative type of the research. The significance of the study matter seems to be so important that it is justified to continue research aimed at analyzing the competitiveness the ambulatory healthcare units as part of quantitative research on a representative sample.

Spatial diversity of ecological stability in different types of spatial units: Case study of Poland

The study estimates and compares the spatial distribution of ecological stability within administrative units in Poland. Its method permitted the value of the coefficient of ecological importance parameter to be determined, and enabled the design of a spatial unit typology. The units originally analyzed were municipalities (Pol. gminy). In this variant, areas with low and average ecological stability were evidently dominant. Verifying the results obtained involved extending the study, and using of a square with sides of 1 km as the basic unit of assessment. This approach yielded dominance of areas extreme in terms of ecological stability. The spatial analyses also allowed for the spatial dependence of the phenomenon to be identified and illustrated spatially.

FINANCIAL DESTABILISATION OF POLISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

The aim of the study is to indicate the causes destabilising the financial situation of local government units in Poland. Their identification and subsequent verification will allow a diagnosis to be made as to whether it is possible to bring about a stabilisation of the financial situation of these units within a more defined period of time.

The effect of crowdsourcing on organizational learning: Evidence from local governments

Modern local governments must learn in order to deal effectively with the growing pressures of a rapidly changing environment. Crowdsourcing has entered the stage of popularization and wide adoption as a part of local government. Based on organizational learning perspective, this study develops a multi-level model of learning from crowdsourcing and a joint relationship between crowdsourcing and organizational learning in local governments. This paper adopts a multi-method research approach: (1) the model was tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using a survey of 205 local governments units in Poland; (2) in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 top managers from 18 local governments units in Poland. The empirical results show that: (1) crowdsourcing has significantly positive affects on individual, group, organizational levels of learning, feed-forward, and feed-back flows; (2) type of crowdsourcing, such wisdom crowd, crowd creation, and crowd voting are linked with organizational learning. Moreover, one type of crowdsourcing, such crowdfunding is not related with organizational learning of local governments. These findings contribute to both academic research and practical implications, advancing our understandings of relationship between crowdsourcing and organizational learning in local governments.

Liabilities of Local Government Units in Poland: Identification and Analysis of Diversification Factors

Purpose: The article aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of debt in Polish local governments. Specifically, we look at the structure of local units' revenue and expenditure and try to determine which of the characteristics have a significant impact on debt levels. Design/Methodology/Approach: We divide our analysis into three types of municipalities, urban, rural, and urban-rural municipalities. We find that each of this type of municipality has different determinants of debt level. Findings: This article provides a solid recommendation for researchers and policy makers to carefully derive conclusions from analyses made on the total population of local units, as their heterogeneity may significantly impact the research results. Therefore, policy recommendations and actions should not be homogeneous across all types of local governments. Practical Implications: The article identifies income factors of local budgets that are statistically significant and influence positively or negatively the size of the public debt of local government units. Practical aspect of the paper means that results can be used to manage local government units or assess their stability by external agencies. Originality/Value: The obtained results are in line with the previous research results and extend the knowledge in the stability and indebtedness of local government units. The study carried out allows to extend this knowledge and proves that the indebtedness of local government units is also affected by the structure of income of these units.

Analysis of the current state of natural gas resources in domestic deposits and a forecast of domestic gas production until 2030

Natural gas is the basic fossil fuel in the global economy. According to the information published by Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA in the document Company Presentation, gas consumption in 2018 amounted to 19.7 billion m3. Due to the fact that the domestic reserves of natural gas are increasingly depleted, the demand for natural gas will be satisfied by growing imports. Balancing gas demand will require precise knowledge of the volume of domestic natural gas production. On the other hand, every year the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PIG – BIP) publishes Balance of mine resources in Poland. According to the publication on the state of resources as of December 31, 2018, 298 natural gas fields have been documented in Poland, 5 in the Baltic Sea region, 35 in Carpathians, 105 in Carpathian Foreland and 153 in Polish Lowland. The balance presented by PIG – BIP for 2018 showed the state of natural gas contingent resources in the amount of 139.93 billion m3 (total balance resources). The volume of industrial reserves of natural gas deposits as at December 31, 2018 was 66.64 billion m3. It should be emphasized that all data published in the Balance of mine resources in Poland are given in normal cubic meters. Therefore, the data published by PIG – BIP do not take into account the actual calorific value of natural gas produced from various fields. Starting from 2014, the basic accounting unit in Poland is the energy unit (kWh). Due to the introduction of the settlement in energy units, the value of 1 m3 of nitrogen-rich gas produced from the fields located in the Lowland region is lower than the value of gas produced from the Carpathian Foreland fields and the Carpathians. The average calorific value of gas produced from the Lowland fields is about 8.0 kWh/m3, while the average calorific value of gas produced from the rest of the Foreland is about 11.2 kWh/m3. The main goal of this article was to make a forecast of gas production from domestic deposits based on the Balance of mine resources in Poland published by the Polish Geological Institute –National Research Institute. The forecast of gas extraction from domestic deposits was made for the years 2020–2030. The production forecast was prepared for each gas-bearing region separately. In order to adjust the reported volumes to the applicable energy units, the gas production forecast for the Lowland fields was converted into high-methane gas production.

Evaluation of the level of social development of poviats in Małopolskie Voivodship with the use of a dynamic synthetic measure

The level of social development of territorial units in Poland is an important topic in the context of the pursued policy to equalise the differences in regional development. Nowadays, spatial disproportions in development are considered one of the main social problems also in Małopolskie Voivodship. The purpose of the study described in the article involves the comparison of changes in the level of social development in the poviats of Małopolskie Voivodship in the period of 2010–2019 by means of a dynamic synthetic measure. The situation of these poviats was evaluated based on data provided by the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland, describing 10 selected diagnostic features relating to the following areas: the demographic situation, the labour market, education, standard of living and health protection of the inhabitants. The method of linear ordering of multidimensional objects in a dynamic approach was applied. The volume of changes in the level of development of the poviats was determined on the basis of a dynamic synthetic measure. The results of the study indicate that in all of the poviats, a significant decline was observed in the value of the synthetic measure describing the demographic situation and education. On the other hand, the positive aspect is that in all of the poviats the value of the synthetic measure relating to the labour market, living conditions and health protection of the population increased significantly. Consequently, the disproportions between the poviats in the analysed period deepened in terms of the demographic situation and education, whereas the differences in the level of development decreased in the case of the labour market, living conditions and health protection of the population.

Occurrence of Delirium during ECMO Therapy in a Critical Care Unit in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Background: The problem of delirium during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy, which has rarely been studied, is an important issue since it is necessary to ensure patient safety during therapy. This study aimed to show the incidence of delirium in patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy and factors affecting the occurrence of delirium in this group of patients. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Method: The study involved a group of patients from an intensive cardiac care unit who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. The study lasted for more than two years, in the period from 2018 until 2020. The Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDESC) and the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS) were applied. Additionally, the patients were examined using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS), and a thirst intensity scale; ultimately, relationships between these factors and delirium were examined. Results: In patients who underwent ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy, delirium was confirmed by the NuDESC in 68.75% of patients in the evening hours, while it was measured by the DOSS scale in 84.38% of patients in the morning. The study found that ECMO delirium was not associated with hyperactivity, sleep disturbance, sedation, pain, or thirst. Conclusion: Delirium in patients undergoing ECMO therapy was confirmed by both the NuDESC and DOSS. Factors such as thirst and sleep disturbance after ECMO therapy were shown to influence the occurrence of delirium. The diagnosis of delirium using standardized scales is possible provided that more tests are carried out. Research should be conducted to determine whether the NuDESC is equivalent to the DOSS.

Interaction experience of medical rescue units with rescuers of the Republic of Poland and its implementation in Ukraine

Aim of research is to study the positive experience of the medical rescue units disaster medicine in cooperation with fire and rescue units in Poland and analyzing historical aspects of disaster medicine in Ukraine and the organization of interaction of the State Service of Ukraine for Civil Protection. A detailed analysis of the experience of medical rescue by disaster medicine units in cooperation with fire and rescue units in the Republic of Poland and the historical aspect of the creation of disaster medicine in Ukraine and the organization of its interaction by the State Civil Defense Service of Ukraine. Factors of positive and negative influence on results of activity are defined. Ukraine has borrowed the Polish experience of cooperation between disaster medicine units and fire rescue units, using exactly those provisions that will be most acceptable to it. Implementing of best practices contributes to the development of human potential, quality of public and social services, consolidation of society, solution of social problems. The key to the successful completion of the tasks of disaster medicine units and fire and rescue units for medical rescue is, in particular, adequate resources, improvement of practical skills and interaction in the process of providing first aid. The best practices of providing qualified medical care to victims of emergencies in each country are unique and reflect the specifics of its operation, so the implementation of the experience is appropriate to take into account the specifics of the development of a particular country. Keywords: medical rescue, emergencies, victims, organization of interaction, implementation of experience.

The Education of Prison Service Officers: Tendencies and Changes in the Framework of Security

The article presents the current patterns in education of Prison Service officers on the example of one of the largest penitentiary units in Poland, i.e. the Penitentiary Facility in Włocławek. The tendencies and changes in provision by qualified staff in penitentiary system as a prerequisite of societal safety were defined due to analysis of data about education of officers of the Prison Service and penitentiary department in the years 1999–2019. In order to investigate the role of rehabilitation staff in the penitentiary system, it is important to assess the current distribution and structural changes in penitentiary staff which, in turn, can be crucial for achieving the objectives of the execution of the imprisonment penalty. To achieve and maintain societal safety, particularly security in penitentiary system it is important to consider changes in the capacity of the prisons. In this regard main positive trends are: increase of number and share of staff with special tertiary education affects the quality of the social rehabilitation work at the penitentiary facility; gender distribution of Prison Service staff tends to reflect distribution on prisoners; professional qualification of officers grows steadily. The main challenge for current penitentiary system in order to increase its educational impact on prisoners is hiring process which should be directed on attracting graduates of rehabilitation pedagogy and penitentiary pedagogy to work in the penitentiary department.

THE SOCIAL AND MORAL ATTITUDES OF CONVICTS AND THEIR PROACTIVITY USED AGAINST THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PRISON ENVIRONMENT

Th e concept of moral norms is an interdisciplinary issue, defi ned by diff erent fi elds of science. Attitudes towards the preferred moral norms are noticeably less frequent in both theoretical and empirical studies, although in the present study an attempt has been made to establish the relationships between the personal attitude of convicted persons towards fi ve independent moral norms and their proactive personality traits. Th e study involved 100 fi rst-time convicts and 100 recidivists, who were asked to respond to the statements made in Th e questionnaire on attitudes towards moral norms and Th e scale of proactivity in penitentiary isolation. Th e convicts were serving prison sentences in two diff erent penitentiary units in Poland. Th e results of the research showed that those convicted for the fi rst time who approved of attitudes towards vindictiveness, helping others and incitement to evil had a greater propensity for proactive behaviour. In addition, the group of recidivists showed no correlation between the declared attitudes to moral norms and their level of proactivity, but showed that they displayed more positive attitudes towards helping other people and vindictiveness, in comparison to the population of fi rst-time convicts. Th e results form an additional source of knowledge about the proactivity of convicts, which can be skilfully used, and therefore the research carried out is particularly important for penitentiary practitioners who carry out various rehabilitation activities, as well as specialists in executive criminal law.

No COVID-19 Cases Detected Between April and September 2020 After Screening All 838 Admissions to a Maternity Unit in Poland

BackgroundBetween April and September 2020, there were <10 000 reported cases of COVID-19 in the Masovia district, Poland, and <1000 new cases daily in Poland. During this period, all new hospital admissions to a maternity unit of a teaching hospital in Warsaw were screened for the COVID-19 infection. This retrospective study presents the findings from the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19.Material/MethodsThis study included 838 women admitted for delivery between April 20 and September 20, 2020. All the admitted women were assigned to a low-risk or a high-risk group for COVID-19 and underwent RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab tests (GeneFinder™-COVID-19-Plus-RealAmpKit. OSANG Healthcare Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) for COVID-19. The testing protocol included repeated testing in case of inconclusive results or negative results in the symptomatic patients. The maternal and neonatal data from these cases were collected and analyzed.ResultsAll of the 838 women tested negative for COVID-19. Two women (0.24%) were classified as high risk for COVID-19. For 4 (0.48%) women, the results were initially inconclusive and negative when repeated. One hundred and eighty-one (21.5%) women presented with comorbidities, and 60 (7.2%) women were ≥40 years old.ConclusionsThe findings from this study show that between April and September 2020, there were no cases of COVID-19 infections at the maternity unit of a teaching hospital in Warsaw, Poland. However, the infection rates for COVID-19 across Europe continue to change. Testing protocols have been developed and established for all hospital admissions and it is anticipated that testing methods will become more rapid and accurate.

Retrospective analysis of clinical and pathomorphological features of lupus nephritis in children

PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical course and pathomorphological correlations in Polish children with the diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN). MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 39 children hospitalized due to LN in 7 pediatric nephrology units in Poland between 2010 and 2019. Demographic data, clinical symptoms at the onset of LN and laboratory parameters were reviewed. We analyzed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), histological LN findings with the activity (IA) and chronicity index (IC). ResultsWe examined 32 girls and 7 boys, median age at LN onset was 14.75 (IQR 13.0–16.0) years, SLEDAI of 22.0 (IQR 18.0–27.0) points; LN histological class: IV (59.4%), III (18.9%), III/V (10.8%), IV/V (8.1%), VI (2.7%); IA 8.0 (IQR 6.0–11.0) points, IC 1.05 (IQR 0–2.0) points.Children with nephrotic (n ​= ​22) and non-nephrotic (n ​= ​17) proteinuria differed in median Hb level (9.55, IQR 8.3–11.2 vs 10.9, IQR 10.1–11.6 ​g/L; P ​< ​0.05), albumin level (2.5, IQR 2.1–3.19 vs 3.6, IQR 3.4–4.1 ​g/dL; P ​< ​0.001), proteinuria (5.76, IQR 3.0–7.5 vs 1.08, IQR 0.53–1.50 ​g/day; P ​< ​0.0001), eGFR (53.9, IQR 27.0–68.8 vs 96.7, IQR 73.8–106.2 ​mL/min/1.73 ​m2; P ​< ​0.01) and occurrence of hypertension (77% vs 23%; P ​< ​0.01).In multivariate analysis Hb level (β ​= ​8.0; 95%CI, 1.90–14.11) was the significant predictor of eGFR<90 ​mL/min/1.73 ​m2. ConclusionsProliferative forms of LN in children may have a varying clinical presentation.Children with LN with nephrotic range proteinuria have lower Hb level, lower eGFR and higher occurrence of hypertension. Hb level is the significant predictor of eGFR<90 ​mL/min/1.73 ​m2 in children with LN.

Significance of the EU funds in regional development on the example of NUTS-3 units in Poland

Within the EU cohesion policy, better and worse developed regions are subcategorised, taking account of the GDP value per capita. Based on that, areas qualifying for obtaining support from aid programs from the EU budget are established. The purpose of the article is an attempt at specifying the co-dependencies between the EU fund absorption and the changes in the level of the socio-economic development in the regional dimension. The research was conducted at the level of 73 NUTS-3 units in Poland in three stages. At the first one, the level of the development of the subregions in Poland is exhibited, subcategorising the factors of that development: human capital, material capital, natural environment as well as entrepreneurship and innovativeness. At the second stage, variation in the EU fund absorption in the researched units is presented. At the third stage, interdependencies between the extent of the absorption and the changes in the level of development within the arrangement of the factors of that development are taken up.

Przemiany międzynarodowej mobilności Polaków = Changes in Poles’ level of international mobility

Until very recently at least, modern society has been characterised by its increased mobility in both the short and long terms. Furthermore, this has been true of both domestic and international trips. The latter kind of mobility is addressed in the present article, which aims to cover relevant changes as they affected Polish people through the 2007‑2017 period. Against that background, particular attention has been paid to modal split in border traffic, with the changes involved presented in relation to supply with infrastructure and transport services. The article uses author’s own data, from research taking in a representative group of 1000 Polish adults (with the sample adjusted appropriately in relation to gender, and membership of the 18‑29, 30‑44, 45‑59 and 60 and over age groups, as well as place of residence: be that village, town of up to 50,000 inhabitants, city of 50‑200,000 inhabitants, city of more than 200,000 inhabitants, and Warsaw). The analysis did not encompass border areas, given the specific nature of the traffic there (and in this way it was possible to eliminate a large part of the daily movement taking place internationally (for the purposes of work, shopping, etc.), but in truth now representing short-term mobility within a region resided in (or else daily mobility using the classification after Kaufmann, 2005). At the same time, by imposing no distance limitations except those relating to border areas, the study retained a capacity to approximate the international part of genuine short-term mobility beyond the region inhabited. Nevertheless, most of the flows under analysis can be regarded as corresponding with the long-distance travel documented in the subject literature. However, the limit value for this kind of journey is set variously, e.g. at 50 miles one-way (Dargay and Clark, 2012), 100 km (Nordenholz et al., 2017), or 100 miles (Mokhtarian et. al., 2001). The configuration of near-border units in Poland is such that the research detailed also takes in slightly shorter transfers, given a limit values of around 30‑50 km in one direction. The aforementioned consideration of changes affecting Poles’ international mobility took in: frequency of travel, target destination (direction), place of crossing of the state border (section of border crossed), modes of transport, motivation, and duration. The work took account of a few basic categories of motivations for travel, i.e. on business (in relation to both hired labour and work on a person’s own account), for the purposes of education, tourism and holiday-related, visits to family and friends (thus treated as a motivation distinct from tourism) and shopping-related (usually in connection with small-scale border trade based around single-day visits). The work was carried out in 2018, but in relation to the years 2007 and 2017. 2007 is a targeted choice, with this being the last year before Poland’s Schengen Zone accession, hence a likely influence on both the dimensions and structure characterising international mobility. Research was done using the CATI method. The subjects of analysis were numbers of instances of international travel engaged in (as opposed to the numbers of people participating in transboundary flows). The work revealed an increase in the foreign mobility of Poles. The main motivator here was tourist travel and visits, as followed by goals associated with professional work and the visiting of family and friends. The modes of transport utilised most frequently were the aeroplane or private car, albeit with the former the subject of a major increase in share, even as the latter declined slightly in proportionate terms. There was a considerable reduction in the amount of travel achieved by coach (bus). At the time of study, Poles’ main destination countries for trips taken (under all motivations combined) were Germany, Czechia and Spain. Travel by Poles to eastern neighbour countries accounts for a very small share of all movement.