United States Institute Research Articles

The End of Cordiality and the Invention of Racism?: Evidence from Recent Cultural Production

THE END OF CORDIALITY AND THE INVENTION OF RACISM?: EVIDENCE FROM RECENT CULTURAL PRODUCTION Robert N. Anderson III Winston-Salem State University Introduction: Brazilian Culture at the Crossroads Brazilian race relations are at crossroads. This junction is one at which the ontological status of Brazil’s “racial democracy” is being revisited: is it falsehood, partial truth, or unfulfilled ideal? In other words, there is an intellectual and scholarly debate. These crossroads, however, are also where domains of society are making tactical choices, among the most salient of which is the enactment of anti-racist and affirmative action public policies. A study of these crossroads thus includes research on the status and perceptions of race in Brazil, the social and artistic contexts themselves, and how artists and intellectuals are shaping race-conscious public policies. As the image of crossroads reveals, there are tensions, diverging paths, and both tactical and philosophical choices embedded in the historical moment, a moment at which some may wonder if Brazil is leaving behind the cordiality of its supposed racial democracy and entering a more combative, confrontational phase of race relations. Though the historical moment is unique, the debate is not new. Whereas scholarship may indeed be entering a new phase, as just noted, it has already successfully established the reality of racial inequality regardless of the modalities of social relations. For much of the twentieth century, Brazilians have tended to imagine their country as a “racial democracy,” free of the kinds of racism and discrimination prevalent in the United States. Many have preferred to interpret any inequality as class- rather than racebased . Parallel with and embedded in society’s journey is the reflective path of scholarship, militancy, and the arts. Intellectuals, activists, and artists encountered crossroads four decades ago when they questioned radically the “myth of racial democracy.”1 This interrogation of the common sense around Brazilian race relations also witnessed moments when the various agents of inquiry and change converged, and this convergence sometimes gave rise to new questions for the stakeholders to address. For instance, when energized by the public debates surrounding the Centennial of Abolition (1988) and the Constituent Assembly that gave rise to the Constitution of 1988, anthropologists and historians, not always working in concert, further engaged what it meant to be Black in Brazil.2 In the question of constitutional rights of surviving maroon communities, scholars successfully mapped and vetted thousands of communities in Brazil, a first step in securing constitutionally guaranteed land rights. But they found it was easier to define a comunidade negra C 2012 Southeastern Council on Latin American Studies and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 57 The Latin Americanist, December 2012 rural (rural Black community) than a remanescente de quilombo (surviving maroon community). Moreover, those activists who joined the ranks of the academics soon confronted empirically their own deeply held beliefs about Black identity. Defining Blackness as a problematic arose ironically at the same time that color-based racism had been shown to be real. Today intellectuals, activists, and artists stand at new crossroads, which offer new paths for science, for public policy and politics of race, and for creative expression. To understand the current “post-heroic phase” of scholarship, it is useful to revisit one of its pioneers. The publication of Carl N. Degler’s Neither Black nor White in 1971 was a turning point in US scholarship on race in Brazil. Not only was the book well received by the scholarly community, but it was an explicitly comparative approach to the question, something rarely attempted before or since in any discipline. Within this comparative perspective, Degler attempted to address the underlying paradox of how Brazil and the United States were similar yet different in their experience of enslavement of Africans and the outcomes of this socio-economic process. Degler’s essay is a fulcrum because, in the preceding decades, scholars in both countries and beyond were trying to get past a facile apprehension of supposedly radical differences between the United States and Brazilian institutions of slavery (e.g. Tannenbaum, Freyre) within a larger context of assertion of extreme difference in patterns and outcomes of Northern European and Iberian colonization (e.g. Moog). So what about the United...

JenniferMcCoy and FranciscoDiez . 2012 . International Mediation in Venezuela . Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace . 290 pp.

Latin American PolicyVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 343-345 Book Reviews McCoy, Jennifer and Diez, Francisco . 2012 . International Mediation in Venezuela . Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace . 290 pp. Luis Ochoa-Bilbao, Luis Ochoa-BilbaoSearch for more papers by this author Luis Ochoa-Bilbao, Luis Ochoa-BilbaoSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 November 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-7373.2012.00076.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume3, Issue2December 2012Pages 343-345 RelatedInformation

Cover Picture: Steel Construction 4/2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the atrium with the south roof and the vertical façade of the United States Institute of Peace, Washington D. C. The south roof has a total surface area of 1100 m², covers the atrium and spans 24 m between the concrete building parts. The front part of the roof is supported by the vertical façade which is horizontally supported by a tied arch. Three 10.5 m long steel props fan out from this horizontal tied arch along the façade and meet the roof near the middle of the cantilever, leaving the tip of the roof untouched. You can find more information on pages 232–237. (Photo: Timothy Hursley)

Roofs and façades of United States Institute of Peace, Washington D. C.

AbstractThe Institute of Peace’s new facility, a modern conference and an interactive educational center dedicated to the theme of peacemaking, faces the National Mall in Washington, DC and is within sight of the Lincoln, World War II, Korean, and Vietnam Veterans memorials. The building is organized around two atria, one part facing the Potomac River, the other the Mall and the Lincoln Memorial. The north atrium serves as the centerpiece for the spaces devoted to the organization’s work and research, and the south‐facing atrium is focused on public programs and conferences. The roof of the building features a series of undulating, wing‐like elements constructed of steel frame and white translucent glass forming an image resembling the wings of a dove. The glass appears opaque and white during the day and glows gently from within at night.The two roofs and four curtain wall façades have been designed, fabricated and installed by seele, being responsible for the realization. Optimisation of conceptual design, structural and detailed design for the free forms of the self‐supporting shell structures and the vertical facades was conducted by Knippers Helbig, Advanced Engineering.

Fading Colours? A Synthetic Comparative Case Study of the Impact of “Colour Revolutions”

The “colour revolutions” sparked a wave of optimistic commentaries about democratization in semi-authoritarian states. Today, however, there is considerable debate over whether these “revolutions” produced real reform and what lessons can be drawn for future democratization efforts. We utilize a synthetic control method of comparative case studies to evaluate political and institutional changes following “colour revolutions.” The results show divergent patterns of reform. Serbia experienced the most thorough changes in democratization and control of corruption. Ukraine's revolt increased democratic freedoms, but failed to control corruption. Georgia's protests marginally improved the control of corruption, but did little to improve the political system. Kyrgyzstan appears to have become worse as a result of its revolution. The synthetic comparisons suggest that these divergent outcomes are largely due to influences present well in advance of political upheaval. These findings shed critical light on the sources of cyclical political change in semi-authoritarian countries and the effect of domestic structural factors on democracy promotion. * Paper prepared for presentation at the 2012 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA. The author would like to thank Matt Rukavina for his research assistance, and Jeronimo Cortina and Lydia Tiede for reviewing previous drafts. All errors are the author's. The wave of popular revolutions that swept away the semi-authoritarian leadership in Serbia, Ukraine, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan brought with them high expectations. Western politicians rushed to praise the dramatic popular protests, and scholars hastened to explain the success of these states in removing the semi-authoritarian leaders that had become a defining feature of politics in the region. These so-called “colour revolutions” even became a model for popular movements in other postCommunist countries and in the Middle East. Yet, eleven years after the Bulldozer Revolution in Serbia started the colour revolution phenomenon, there is substantial debate about whether these really were “revolutionary” events in terms of producing substantial political change. The optimism that characterized original revolutions has long faded, and most of these countries look much as they did before. Given the widespread influence of these revolutions, questions about the impact of colour revolutions also raise serious concerns for the Arab Spring and other recent popular democratic movements. They also raise broader 1 Semi-authoritarian regimes are political systems that combine multiparty elections with a number of authoritarian patterns, such that they cannot be considered fully democratic. These have been labeled “hybrid,” “semi-democratic,” “electoral democracies,” “competitive authoritarian,” and others. We utilize the term “semi-authoritarian” as an umbrella term for these regimes. See Larry Diamond, “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes,” Journal of Democracy 52(2002): 2135; Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, “International Linkage and Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 16(2005): 2034; Marc Morje Howard and Philip G. Roessler, “Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes,” American Journal of Political Science 50(2006): 365-381. 2 Valerie J. Bunce and Sharon L. Wolchik, “International Diffusion and Postcommunist Electoral Revolutions,” Communist and Postcommunist Studies 39(2010): 283-304; Joshua A. Tucker, “Enough! Electoral Fraud, Collective Action Problems, and Post-Communist Colored Revolutions,” Perspectives on Politics 5(September 2007): 535-551; Howard and Roessler 2006; Donnacha O Beachain and Abel Polese, “Introduction: What's In a Colour?” in Donnacha O Beachain and Abel Polese (eds.), The Colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics (London: Routledge, 2010); Susan Stewart, “Democracy Promotion Before and After the 'Colour Revolutions,'” Democratization 16(2009): 645-660. 3 Bunce and Wolchik 2006; Mark R. Beissinger, “Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena,” Perspectives on Politics 5(2007): 1207-1230. 4 Thomas Carothers, “The 'Jasmine Revolution' in Tunisia,” Carnegie Middle East Center (2011, online at http://carnegiemec.org/publications/?fa=42334).; Willie Lam, “Beijing Worried about 'Color Revolutions' Sweeping Middle East/North Africa,” China Brief 11(2011): 2-5. 5 Henry E. Hale, “Regime Cycles,” World Politics 58(2005): 133-165; Albert Cevallos, 'Whither the Bulldozer?” United States Institute of Peace, Special Report no 72 (2001, online at http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr72.pdf); Paul D'Anieri, “What has Changed in Ukrainian Politics?” Problems of Post-Communism 52(2005): 82-91; Geir Flikke, “Pacts, Parties and Elite Struggle,” Europe-Asia Studies 60(2008): 375-396; Alexander J. Motyl, “Three Years After,” Harvard International Review 29(2008): 16-19; Pamela Jawad, “Diversity, Conflict and State Failure,” Cornell Occasional Paper, no 30-3 (2006); Lincoln A. Mitchell, “Democracy in Georgia Since the Rose Revolution,” Orbis 50(2006): 669-676; Katya Kalandadze and Mitchell A. Orenstein, “Electoral Protests and Democratization,” Comparative Political Studies 42(2009): 1403-1425.

Influence of Culture Medium Composition on Relative mRNA Abundances in Domestic Cat Embryos

Different culture conditions have been used to produce domestic cat embryos. As part of the in vitro procedures, the medium composition significantly affects the quality of the embryo development also. Quality assessments based on cleavage kinetics and blastomere symmetry are useful, but embryos also can differ in their relative gene expression patterns despite similar morphological characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare cat embryos produced with two different in vitro culture systems routinely used in two different laboratories [Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington D.C., USA (SCBI) and Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (IZW)]. Specifically, relative mRNA expression patterns of critical genes for pre-implantation embryo development were assessed in both conditions. Embryos were produced in parallel in both culture systems by IVF using frozen-thawed ejaculated semen in the United States and fresh epididymal sperm in Germany. Success of embryo development in vitro was recorded as well as relative mRNA abundances [DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3A (DNMT1, DNMT3A), gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [OCT4], insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 receptors (IGF1R, IGF2R), beta-actin (ACTB)] in pools of days 4-5 morulae by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. Percentages of cleaved embryos were similar (p > 0.05) between both culture systems, regardless of the location. OCT4 mRNA abundance was higher (p < 0.05) in embryos derived in the SCBI culture system compared with those from the IZW system when epididymal sperm was used for IVF. No clear correlation between the expression pattern and the culture system could be found for all other genes. It is suggested that OCT4 expression might be affected by the media composition in some conditions and can be the indicator of a better embryo quality.

William J. Long (editor). Pandemics and Peace. Public Health Cooperation in Zones of Conflict.

William J. Long (editor). Pandemics and Peace. Public Health Cooperation in Zones of Conflict. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2011 When bird flu broke out in the Middle East, Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian, health officials worked side by side sharing information to prevent its spread. This book provides a description and analysis of international cooperation in regional disease surveillance programs in countries with ongoing, or a history of, conflicts and in resource-poor environments. The threat posed by pandemics in a globalized world, e.g. HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu and avian flu, is a global public health challenge. Today, health provision has become a primary public good, and nations must protect their citizens from disease. To reduce the danger …

From Form to Meaning: Freshman Composition and the Long Sixties, 1957–1974 by David Fleming (review)

David Fleming. From Form to Meaning: Freshman Composition and the Long Sixties, 1957-1974. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011. 273 pp. As I started reading From Form to Meaning, a book discussing in great detail the ups and downs of one course at one U.S. university during one decade, I kept asking myself why instructors of first-year English courses at Canadian colleges and universities today would find this text useful. After all, Freshman Composition is widespread in the United States but few Canadian institutions require all their students to take such a course. In addition, the cultural contexts and historical events that have influenced courses offered today at U.S. institutions differ greatly from those that have influenced the creation and development of courses at Canadian institutions. Why, then, should everyone involved in the teaching of writing and literature to postsecondary students read this book? First, because it is a captivating historical account of an era punctuated by momentous events whose effects have spread farther than one state or one country. Second, because learning about what has happened at other institutions may help reformulate and clarify what has happened and is still happening at our own institutions. Third, and most importantly, because the conversations that were taking place at the University of Wisconsin (uw) during the long sixties are still taking place today ... in our own institutions. The discussions presented in From Form to Meaning revolve around a number of topics and questions that are familiar to anyone involved in higher education. For example, is the literacy level of younger generations declining? Are high school teachers responsible for not getting their students ready to meet the demands of higher education? What is the responsibility of the university as a whole and of individual departments in teaching students to think, write, speak, and read well? Should first-year students all take the same universally required course to ensure some homogeneity amongst students at the same institution? Should first-year English courses focus content (for example, literature) or form (for example, grammar and style)? How do we decide who needs remedial help and who does not? How do you support a student population that is increasingly diverse in socio-cultural and educational backgrounds and needs? Who should teach undergraduate courses and how should these people be trained, supervised, and evaluated? How can graduate teaching assistants (tas) juggle with being at the same time instructors and students themselves? How can tenure-track and tenured professors focus the pressures of research and publication while still remaining involved in undergraduate education? These are some of the many critical and often-controversial questions heatedly discussed at the uw in the sixties, but, as Fleming explains, his is a study done on the assumption that the example (the 'case') is in some way typical of a broader phenomenon (21). For his case study, Fleming thoroughly investigated hundreds of documents (such as department meeting minutes, memos, newspaper articles) and other voices (including a number of tas) to tell this story--a truly impressive accomplishment (at times it reads like a mystery novel). These many voices show how the unsteady times in U.S. history (the launch of the Sputnik, the Vietnam war) and the history of the University of Wisconsin itself (riots, bombings, strikes) were the perfect background for a profound pedagogical revolution that ultimately led to the elimination of the Freshman Composition course, English 102, in 1969 and for the next twenty-five years. The book starts with a discussion about the concerns of Harvard faculty regarding the literacy levels of their incoming students and the first Freshman Composition course that was created there in the 1870s in response to these concerns. …

Ethics and Scientific Integrity in Public Health, Epidemiological and Clinical Research.

The ethics and scientific integrity of biomedical and public health research requires that researchers behave in appropriate ways. However, this requires more than following of published research guidelines that seek to prevent scientific misconduct relating to serious deviations from widely accepted scientific norms for proposing, conducting, and reporting research (e.g., fabrication or falsification of research data or failures to report potential conflicts of interest). In this paper we argue for a broader account of scientific integrity, one consistent with that defended by the United States Institute of Medicine, involving a commitment to intellectual honesty and personal responsibility for one's actions as a researcher and to practices consistent with the responsible conduct of research and protection of the research participants. Maintaining high standards of ethical and scientific integrity helps to maintain public trust in the research enterprise. An increasing number of authors have pointed to the importance of mentoring and education in relation to the responsible conduct of science in preventing transgressions of scientific integrity. Just like in clinical research and biomedicine, epidemiologists and other public health researchers have the responsibility to exhibit and foster the very highest standards of scientific integrity.

Glacier Dynamics and Water Balance in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Mi Zhang,† Yuping Zhao,‡ Fengqiao Liu, and Xubin Pan* †Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Rd., Xining 810008, China ‡Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China

Editorial introductions

Current Opinion in Oncology was launched in 1989. It is one of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of psychiatry is divided into 15 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Journal's Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Gilberto de CastroGilberto de CastroGilberto de Castro Jr. received his MD degree from the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil in 1995, and completed his training in Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology in 2000 at Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, where he also received his PhD degree in 2009. He is an ex fellow of the Medical Oncology Clinic at the Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium. His current position is Chief at the Unit of Head and Neck and Thoracic Tumors of the Clinical Oncology Service of the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil - the largest cancer center in the South America. His areas of interest are the medical management of head and neck cancer and thoracic malignancies, focusing on the development of molecular targeted therapies, predictive factors of response to chemotherapy and quality of life studies. Dr Castro has more than 25 publications in peer-reviewed journals and he is also involved in cancer education, being a member of the European School of Oncology team of Discussants (e-ESO). Arif HussainArif HussainArif Hussain, MD is Professor of Medicine with Tenure in the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, USA, where he is also Professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Biological Chemistry and Professor of Pathology in the Department of Pathology. He also serves as Co-Leader of the Hormone Responsive Cancers Program in the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland. Dr Hussain's clinical interest is in genitourinary cancers, and he serves as Principal Investigator on several clinical trials that focus on therapies for high risk, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer, as well as renal cell cancer. In addition, he has a research laboratory focusing on drug resistance, intracellular calcium pumps, and pre-clinical models of prostate cancer. Ahmad AwadaAhmad AwadaProfessor Ahmad Awada was born in Lebanon and studied Medicine at the Free University in Brussels (ULB), Belgium. He did a specialisation in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology at Jules Bordet Institute (under the supervision of Professor Jean Klastersky), in Brussels, until 1992 (“La plus grande distinction”). During his specialisation, he completed training in the clinical development of new therapies and new anticancer drugs, under the supervision of Professor Martine Piccart. To further his training, he stayed in the Netherlands (New Drug Development Office, Free University, Amsterdam) and in San Antonio, USA (Institute for Drug Development, under the direction of Professor D. Von Hoff). He focused on the clinical development of new anticancer agents. Back from the USA at the beginning of 1994, Professor Awada became Assistant Head of Medical Oncology Clinic, and Head of the New Drugs Development Unit at Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels. Since April 2005, he is the Head of the Medical Oncology Clinic. He has an important clinical activity in the treatment of solid tumors and in particular head & neck cancers. Doctor Awada took an active part in the development of new drugs, some of them already widely used. Thanks to the recent progress in technology and computer sciences, and consequently in molecular biology, we can understand better now how a cancer cell works and how it becomes a cancer cell. Many drugs are now studied to block this process. Those are the molecular-targeted therapies, a subject studied extensively in clinical research by Professor Awada and were the basis for his thesis obtained from the ULB, Brussels, in 2004. Professor Awada's research aims to look for new active anticancer drugs in solid tumors (new cytotoxics and molecular targeted therapies), and to individualize the treatments according to the tumor characteristics.

Attitudes of international music students from East Asia toward US higher education institutions

Nine National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) accredited universities in the United States (US) with the greatest populations of international students were surveyed to identify the status of East Asian international students’ attitudes toward their schools. Among East Asian international music students at US higher education institutions, the results indicated that the professor’s reputation, scholarships, and the program’s reputation were perceived as the most influential factors impacting the program choice; a good relationship with professors, good feedback from professors, and emotional stability were perceived as the most influential factors impacting academic success; and the professor’s teaching, the professor’s expertise, and the improvement of musical skills were perceived as the most influential factors impacting students’ satisfaction levels. The most problematic issues reported were the language barrier and the cultural differences between their host and home countries. In addition, many of the East Asian international music students in this study noted financial difficulties. Recommendation and conclusion are provided for US institutions and East Asian international students.

Guest editorial: Fetal growth restriction and its consequences

Worldwide, more than 30 million infants are born with low birth weight each year. India contributes the lion’s share with more than 8 million low weight births annually. A majority of these are born at term but have experienced fetal growth restriction. While a proportion of these cases can be ascribed to recognizable etiological mechanisms, such as maternal malnutrition, systemic illness or pregnancy related complications, no definite cause can be ascertained in a vast majority. These infants are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity in early life; as well as a greater later risk of developing central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and diabetes, as well as short stature and early puberty. Over the past many years, research efforts to elucidate the biology of normal and abnormal growth have not been commensurate with the magnitude of the problem. There has been a paucity of novel/path-breaking research for identification of underlying mechanistic pathways as well as successful interventions for prevention of fetal growth restriction and its adverse consequences. However, with recent technological advances in the understanding of genetic/ epigenetic pathways and availability of sophisticated bioinvestigation tools, there is an opportunity to make renewed research efforts in this direction. An international scientific meeting titled “Consultation on Biology of Fetal Growth Restriction and its Consequences” was organized at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, NewDelhi from 23rd to 25th November, 2010, with the aim to review the current status of research, and to define and prioritize research ideas in this field. The meeting saw active participation by experienced researchers, policy-makers and funding agencies, including National Institute of Health, USA, Indo-US Science and Technology Forum, and the Departments of Biotechnology and Health Research of Government of India. The deliberations of this meeting included wide-ranging discussions on themes such as role of endocrine pathways and one carbon metabolism in regulation of fetal growth, effect of maternal micronutrient deficiency/supplementation on growth and metabolism in the offspring, the ‘omics’ approach to explore pathways of fetal growth restriction, developmental programming of body composition, and the potential mechanisms underlying developmental origins of diseases. The most important recommendations that emerged from the meeting were that there is an urgent need to conduct cohort studies to a), identify fetal growth patterns and determinants of fetal growth restriction in different populations and b), to prospectively study early growth trajectories of small for gestational age infants in resource-limited settings to identify growth patterns that optimize the risk to benefit balance in terms of stature, body composition, risk of infections, undernutrition, later cardiovascular/diabetes risk and neuro-cognitive development. It was felt that India, with its high burden of fetal growth restriction, a population in transition (economic, nutritional and socio-demographic), tremendous science capacity as well as enhanced budgetary allocation for health research by the Government, is uniquely poised to undertake significant research in this field. V. Jain Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India e-mail: drvandanajain@gmail.com

Suzanne Maloney, Iran's Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World, Pivotal States in the Muslim World (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2008). Pp. 156. $14.95 paper.

Suzanne Maloney, Iran's Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World, Pivotal States in the Muslim World (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2008). Pp. 156. $14.95 paper.

Tracking the impact of the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Awards on child health research: developing and evaluating a measurement strategy

Since 2006, the National Institutes of Health has provided institutional infrastructure grants, called Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs), to support adult and pediatric clinical and translational research in United States institutions. A CTSA Consortium Child Health Oversight Committee workgroup developed metrics to measure the impact of CTSAs on child health (CH) research. A cross-sectional survey to collect metric data was distributed to the 46 institutions that received CTSAs during 2006-09. Thirty-seven (80%) institutions responded to the survey. Data regarding 7 metrics were reported by >70% of responding institutions: the proportion of overall funding (median, interquartile range; 0.12, 0.06–0.19) and pilot grants (0.15, 0.11–0.21) supporting CH research; the proportion of active clinical research center studies involving children (0.23, 0.15–0.35); the proportion of IRB-approved (0.24, 0.16–0.30) and funded (0.22, 0.18–0.30) studies involving children; the proportion of mentored research training awards to CH investigators (0.18, 0.11–0.28); and, the proportion of CTSA leadership positions held by pediatricians (0.18, 0.12–0.28). CTSAs provide substantial support for CH research, although additional investment in CH research is needed to improve the health of children. These metrics provide an initial means to track the impact of CTSAs on CH research.

Intraocular lens power calculation after myopic and hyperopic laser vision correction using optical coherence tomography

PurposeTo use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure corneal power and calculate intraocular lens (IOL) power in cataract surgeries after myopic and hyperopic laser vision correction (LVC). MethodsPatients with previous LVC were enrolled in this prospective study at two centers (Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, USA). Corneal power was measured with a Fourier-domain OCT system. The intravisit repeatability of OCT corneal power measurement was evaluated by the pooled standard deviation of repeat scans. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and automated keratometry were measured with the IOLMaster. An OCT-based IOL formula was developed. The mean absolute error (MAE) of refractive prediction for OCT-based IOL formula was calculated. The results were compared with the MAE for Haigis-L formula. ResultsA total of 31 eyes of 24 subjects who had uncomplicated cataract surgery with monofocal IOL implantation were enrolled in the two sites. Twenty-two eyes of 16 subjects had previous myopic LVC that ranged from −12.46D to −0.88D. Nine eyes of 8 subjects had previous hyperopic LVC that ranged from 0.66D to 5.52D. The intravisit repeatability of OCT corneal power measurement was 0.24D. For the myopic LVC group, the OCT formula had a MAE of 0.57D compared to an MAE of 0.73D for the Haigis-L formula (p=0.19). For the hyperopic LVC group, the MAE for OCT and Haigis-L formula was 0.26D and 0.54D, respectively (p>0.05). ConclusionsCorneal power can be precisely measured with OCT. The predictive accuracy of OCT-based IOL power calculation is equal to current standards for post-LVC eyes.

Book Reviews

92 Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Vol. XXXV, No.2, Winter 2012 Book Reviews Edited by Nadia Barsoum TOGETHER THEY FOUGHT: Gandhi-Nehru correspondence 19211948 , edited by Uma Iyengar and Lalitha Zackariah. Published by Oxford University Press, 2011, 558pp. Carefully selected, judiciously annotated and chronologically arranged, this book takes the readers on a journey through the political arena of a nation in pangs of birth and into the inner workings of two brilliant minds of the twentieth century. MONUMENTAL MATTERS: The Powers, Subjectivity, and Space of India’s Mughal Architecture by Santhi Kavuri-Bauer, Published by Duke University Press, 2011, 216pp. The author focuses on the prominent role of Mughal architecture in the construction and contestation of the India National landscape. She examines the representation and eventual preservation of the monuments, from their disrepair in the colonial past to their present status as protected heritage sites. Since independence, the state has attempted to construct a narrative of Mughal monuments as symbols of a unified, secular nation. ARAB DETROIT 9/11: Life in the Terror Decade edited by Nabeel Abraham, Sally Howell, and Andrew Shryock. Published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 2011, pp. 413. This Volume is the latest in a rich tradition of scholarship on the Middle Eastern immigrant and ethnic communities of greater Detroit is a metropolitan area that is home to several North America’s oldest and largest Lebanese, Palestinian, Yemeni, and Iraqi populations. CHURCHILL’S SECRET WAR: The British Empire and The Ravaging of India during World War II by Madhusree Mukerjee Published by Basic Books( a member of the Perseus Books Group, New York, 2010, pp. 332. In this historical study Mukerjee combines close research with a vivid narrative to place this overlooked tragedy into the largest context of the Second World War, India’s fight for freedom and Churchill’s legacy. AN ARAB’S JOURNEY TO COLONIAL SPANISH AMERICA: The travel of Elias al-Musili in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Arabic and edited by Caesar E. Farah. Published by Syracuse University Press, New York 2003, pp.117. This study is historically important; it is a document for scholars of early modern history and of the church in Latin America. Al-Musili shares his perceptions of native peoples, their customs , beliefs and treatments by Spanish conquistadors. CITY OF STRANGERS: Gulf Migration and the Indian Community in Bahrain by Andrew M. Gardner. Published by Cornell University Press, New York 2010, pp.188. Gardner has produced a useful analysis of labor migration both in Bahrain and elsewhere in the region. The book sheds light on a population of skilled and unskilled workers in the Middle East’s fastest growing region. The author examines the labor’s life and the many ways they adapt and resist, as well as the ways they are beaten down. FAITH AND POWER: Religion and Politics in the Middle East by Bernard Lewis. Published by Oxford University Press, New York 2010, pp.208. Lewis examines the role of religion in the Middle East, revealing how it has shaped society for good and for ill. To realize this, Lewis has brought together writings on religion and government in the Middle East, highlighting an interrelationship quite different than in the Western world. The collection includes previously unpublished writings, English originals of articles published before only in foreign languages, and an introduction to the book by Lewis. ISLAM’S QUANTUM QUESTION: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science by Nidhal Guessoum. Published by I. B. Touris, New York 2011, pp.403. Guessoum suggests that the Islamic world, just like the Christian, needs to take scientific questions with the utmost seriousness if it is to recover its true heritage and integrity. Islam’s “Quantum Question” , he argues can be answered by a credible harmonization of Qur’anic belief and scientific truth. ENGAGING EXTREMISTS: Trade-offs. Timing and Diplomacy edited by I. William Zartman and Guy Oliver Faure. Published by United States Institute of Peace, Washington 2011, pp.315. This volume explores the actual complexity of the subject of terrorism. In the face of terrorism and militant extremism, states must strike a delicate balance between isolation and engagement. This study provides valuable insight...

Book Reviews

99 Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Vol. XXXV, No.4, Summer 2012 Book Reviews Edited by Nadia Barsoum South Asia, China Turkey and the Middle East A HISTORY OF MYANMAR SINCE ANCIENT TIMES: Traditions and transformations by Michael Aung-Thwin and Maitrii Aung-Thwin, published by Reaktion Books Ltd, London, 2012, pp.325.This book traces the tradition and transformations of Myanmar over nearly three millennia from the relics of its Neolithics civilization to the protests of Buddhist monks in the early twentieth century, the colonial era of the British rule and the republic that followed. ISLAMIC REVIVAL IN NEPAL: Religion and a new Nation by Megan Adamson Sijapati, published 2011 by Routledge, New York, NY, 10017, pp.188. This book examines Nepal’s most influential Islamic organizations for what they reveal about contemporary movements of revival among religious minorities on the margins- both geographic and social-of the so-called Islamic world. SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE IN NAZI GERMANY: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43 by Roman Hays, published by Columbia University Press 2012, New York, NY. Hayes is the first to focus exclusively on Bose’s interaction with Nazi Germany during the Second World War, making extensive use of German, Indian , and British sources, including memoranda, notes, minutes, reports, telegrams, letters and broadcasts. THE ARMENIANS IN THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC WORLD: Paradigms of Interaction Seventh to Fourteenth Centuries by Seta B. Dadoyan published by Transaction Publishers, 2011, New Brunswick, NJ, pp.208. The author studies the Armenian experience in the medieval Islamic world and takes the reader through hitherto undiscovered paradigmatic cases of interaction with other populations in the region. 100 A COMMON WORD: Muslims and Christians on Loving God and Neighbor edited by Miroslav Volf, Ghazi bin Muhammad, and Melissa Yarrington , published in 2010 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505, pp.242. This book contains articles by some of the most prominent and leaders in Islam and Christianity today. The first chapter outlines the current crisis in Muslim-Christians relations, the second section addresses the questions of what it means to love God and love one’s neighbor from the Muslim perspective, the next chapter addresses the questions of what it means to love God and love one’s neighbor from the Christian perspective. CUSTOMARY JUSTICE AND THE RULE OF LAW IN WAR –TORN SOCIETIES edited by Deborah Isser, published by United States Institute of Peace Press2011, Washington DC,pp. 386. This volume examines the larger historical, political and social factors that shape the character and role of customary justice systems and their place in the overall justice sector. The author highlights how customary justice systems contribute to, or detract from, stability in the immediate post conflict period and offers an analytical framework for assessing customary justice systems that can be applied in any country. QUATAR: A MODERN HISTORY BY Allen J. Fromherz, published by Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC 2012, pp. 204. This book examines the role that Qatar plays in the Middle East and how does it differ from the other Gulf States. The author focuses on the paradox of Qatar where a monarchy, traditional tribal culture, and conservative Islamic values appear to coexist with ultra modern development and a large population of foreign workers who outnumber Qatari citizens. TERRIFYING MUSLIMS: RACE AND LABOR IN THE SOUTH ASIAN DIASPORA by Junaid Rana, published by Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina 2012. Pp.229. This project highlights transnational working classes from Pakistan are produces, constructed, and represented in the context of the American empire and the recent global war on terror. A negative moral judgment attaches to migrants who enter the global labor pool through informal economy. The radicalized Muslim is beckoned in the global economy and the demonized in times of crisis. 9.11 TEN YEARS LATER edited by Dr. Lorry M. Fenner, Dr. Mark E. Stout, Ms. Jessica L. Goldings published by John Hopkins University 2011, pp.213,this work is a result of a conference sponsored by John Hopkins University and NDU, National Defense University. The two broad messages from the conference were: first that al-Qaeda and the Sunni Jihadist movement were deeply wounded and vulnerable; and...

The Journal of Gynecologic Oncology and the Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology: the history, the present and the future

The Journal of Gynecologic Oncology and the Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology: the history, the present and the future

Narcissistic personality disorder

Personality and Mental HealthVolume 5, Issue 3 p. 222-227 Complex Case Narcissistic personality disorder Elsa Ronningstam, Corresponding Author Elsa Ronningstam [email protected] Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, Boston, MA, USAElsa Ronningstam, Clinical Psychologist, McLean Hospital, AOPC Mailstop 109, 115 Mill Street, Belmont MA 02478, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Elsa Ronningstam, Corresponding Author Elsa Ronningstam [email protected] Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, Boston, MA, USAElsa Ronningstam, Clinical Psychologist, McLean Hospital, AOPC Mailstop 109, 115 Mill Street, Belmont MA 02478, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 26 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.172Citations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume5, Issue3August 2011Pages 222-227 RelatedInformation