United States Indian Policy Research Articles

Problematic Panacea: Presbyterian Missionaries and the Allotment of Indian Lands in the Late Nineteenth Century

INo PANACEA for the Indian problem was more persistently proposed than the allotment of land to the Indians in severalty, writes Francis Paul Prucha of the late nineteenth-century crusade to reform United States Indian policy. It was an article of faith with the reformers that civilization was impossible without the incentive to work that came only from individual ownership of a piece of property. Allotment was part of the drive to individualize the Indian, which became the obsession of those educators, civil servants, politicians, clergymen, and others who dedicated themselves to Indian uplift.' During the nineteenth century many treaties included provisions for alloting lands to individual Indians who met certain requirements. Much evidence was, therefore, available, writes Prucha, to show that the practice

Book Review: American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869–82

Book Review: American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869–82

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

Review: American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-82, by Robert H. Keller, Jr.

Review: <i>American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-82</i>, by Robert H. Keller, Jr.

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-82

Journal Article American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869–82 Get access American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869–82. By Keller Robert H.Jr.. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. xiii + 359 pp. Illustrations, maps, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index. $27.95.) Bruce David Forbes Bruce David Forbes Morningside College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 15, Issue 2, April 1984, Pages 203–204, https://doi.org/10.2307/968521 Published: 01 April 1984

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-1882

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-82

American Protestantism and United States Indian Policy, 1869-82

"Civilization over Savagery": The Japanese, the Formosan Frontier, and United States Indian Policy, 1895-1915

Historians have recently begun to see the relationship of aboriginal policies in what traditionally have been considered widely separate historical and geographical experiences. These studies, using comparative methodologies, have focused on the origins, applications, and often disastrous results of policies designed to govern the affairs of native peoples. In a recent article that chided historians for their insular approach to United States Indian policy, William E. Unrau raised a key question: And was not the U.S. Indian problem of little interest and significance to outsiders?' Based upon our analysis of Japanese aboriginal policies on Formosa (Taiwan), Unrau's question must be answered in the affirmative.

United States Indian Policy and the Debate over Philippine Annexation: Implications for the Origins of American Imperialism

An examination of United States Indian policy during the nineteenth century reveals a clear pattern of colonialism toward Native Americans. This essay will suggest that this policy served as a precedent for imperialist domination over the Philippines and other islands occupied during the Spanish-American War. Historians are divided over the origins of United States imperialist sentiment-whether the nation stumbled into empire, followed manifest destiny policies from the Mexican War, or annexed islands in a search for commercial markets. However, there seems to be a mistaken consensus, at least among many diplomatic historians, that the United States did not have a tradition of holding alien peoples as colonial subjects before 1898. That the Indian precedent has been ignored is perhaps testimony to the treatment Native Americans have received from historians. Rather than being considered as independent peoples, Indians have been so closely associated with the early frontier that they have been largely ignored as a factor in later American diplomatic history. There has been a tendency to stereotype Indians as a vanishing race, especially after the passing of the frontier. 1 On the contrary, the demographic reality is that American Indian population has continued to grow during every decade since 1890 and in specific ethnic groups the population rebound occurred even earlier.2 This fact perplexed American policy-makers, who were supposed to oversee the continual decline of their Ivanishing charges and who had to decide what status these peoples would

Book Reviews

Douglas D. Adler and Glenn M. Linden, eds. Teaching World History: Structured Inquiry Through a Historical-Anthropological Approach. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Education Consortium, Inc., 1976. Pp. iii, 164. Paper, $6.50; Glenn M. Linden and Matthew T. Downey, eds. Teaching American History: Structured Inquiry Approaches. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Education Consortium, Inc., 1975. Pp. iii, 110. Paper, $4.95. Review by James F. Marran of New Trier Township High School West (Northfield, Illinois). John G. Clark, David M. Katzman, Richard D. McKinzie, and Theodore A. Wilson. Three Qenerations in Twentieth Century America: Family, Community, and Nation. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press , 1977. Pp. xx, 529. Cloth , $13 . 95. Review by Donn Neal of the Great Lakes Colleges Association. Leonard L. Richards. The Advent of American Democracy, 1815-1848. Scott, Foresman American History Series. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1976. Pp. 182. Paper, $4.95; Edward Pessen, ed. Jacksonian Panorama. American Heritage Series. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1976. Pp. xli, 502. Paper, $6.95 Review by Davis D. Joyce of the University of Tulsa. Ronald N. Satz. American Indian Policy in the Jacksonian Era. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1975. Pp. xii, 343. Paper, $4.25; M. Thomas Bailey, Reconstruction in Indian Territory: A Story of Avarice, Discrimination, and Opportunism. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1972. Pp. 225. Cloth, $11.50; Francis Paul Prucha, ed. Documents of United States Indian Policy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1975. Pp. ix, 278. Cloth, $14.95; paper, $4.95; Britton Davis. The Truth About Geronimo. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1976. xxv, 253. Paper, $3.75. Review by Leonard F. Ralston of SUNY, Cortland. Charles S. Campbell. The Transformation of American Foreign Relations, 1865- 1900. New American Nation Series. New York: Harper and Row, 1976. Cloth, $15.00; paper, $5.95. Review by Frank J. Rader of Empire State College, Saratoga Springs Center. Robert Sklar. Movie-Made America: A Cultural History of American Movies. New York: Vintage Books, 1975. Pp. vii, 340. Paper, $5.95. Review by Jack W. Berryman of the University of Washington. Jesse Lemisch. On Active Service in War and Peace: Politics and Ideology in the American Historical Profession. Toronto: New Hogtown Press , 1975: Pp. ix, 150. Paper, $3.00. Review by David DeLeon of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. John F. Cady. The Southeast Asian World. St. Louis, Missouri: Forum Press, 1977. Pp. 80. Paper, $1.95; William J. Miller. The Japanese World. St. Louis, Missouri: Forum Press, 1977. Pp. 81. Paper, $1.95. Review by Eugene Lubot of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Basil Dmytryshyn. A History of Russia. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1977. Pp. xvii, 645. Cloth, $14.95; Adam B. Ulam. A History of Soviet Russia. New York: Praeger, 1976. Paper, $5.95. Review by Susanne McNally of Hobart and William Smith Colleges. C. W. Cassinelli. Total Revolution: A Comparative Study of Germany under Hitler, the Soviet Union under Stalin, and China under Mao. Santa Barbara: Clio Books, 1976. Pp. 252. Cloth, $19.75; paper, $6.25. Review by Gene Grabiner of SUNY, Buffalo. Jules R. Benjamin. A Student's Guide to History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1975. Pp. 122. Cloth, $10.95. Review by Michael L. Berger of St. Mary's College of Maryland.

United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission

The General Allotment Act (1887) and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934) each guided United States Indian policy for four decades. While the acts differed in ideology and in the outcomes envisioned for the Indians, each offered a solution to a white-defined "Indian problem," and each was modified soon after enactment. A review of forty years' experience with the acts suggests that, in both cases, the failure to maintain a commitment to Indian interests contributed to the failure to achieve policy objectives. The time now seems ripe for a new departure in Indian policy. The current congressional policy review provides for extensive Indian involvement. The creation of an informed and aggressive Indian constituency may be the key to the success of a new Indian policy.

Documents of United States Indian Policy

Documents of United States Indian Policy

The Reformers and the American Indian (review)

BOOK REVIEWS89 worthy for the reasons given not to rely on its application. It would seem to give carte bhnche to the federal government to intervene in a state to guarantee a republican form of government, and the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to enter the touchy area of defining "republican ." The weight of the author's argument for seeing the guarantee clause as a "sleeping giant" lies in the future, but his suggestions for the uses to which constitutional activists might put it to remove a broad spectrum of inequities seem a little far-fetched. The movement toward the supremacy of the federal government over the states, its ability to intervene in state and local activities, as well as to define republican government, has gone a long way down a road marked by other constitutional clauses and amendments, such as the general welfare clause and the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, and 24th amendments. The introduction of the proposed 27th Amendment indicates that this route is not likely to be abandoned soon. History suggests the "sleeping giant" has been rather effectively bypassed. Nevertheless this is an excellent study for the general history student. It is written in a clear, crisp style that aids comprehension, and although Wiecek works in his own views and interpretations of historical events, he does so without encroaching on the creditability of his material. The book is expensive for its size, but the print is exceptionally legible, footnotes are at the bottom of the page, and it has a good bibliographical essay. The limited role played by this clause makes it an ideal brief "case study" of some of the complex interaction of ideas and the pragmatic pressures of history upon the evolution of the Constitution. With the aid of Wiecek's able presentation his sleeping giant is well worth examining. Lillian A. Pereyba University of Portland The Reformers and the American Indian. By Robert Winston Mardock. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971. Pp. x, 245. $9.00.) John Beeson, Lydia Maria Child, Peter Cooper, Helen Hunt Jackson, Wendell Phillips and other humanitarians relentlessly denounced federal Indian policy in the post-Civil War years. These middle class, Northeastern Republicans, most of whom had previously been involved with the anti-slavery movement, perceived the Indian as the white man's brother, separated only by the red man's arrested cultural development and white injustice. Until the equality guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights was extended to everyone , the Indian problem could never be solved—short of his earthly extinction . As individuals or as members of such organizations as the Universal Peace Union and the Indian Rights Association, the reformers proposed plans to achieve justice and equality for native Americans. To uplift the Indian culturally and thereby enable him to compete economically 90CIVIL WAR HISTORY and socially with white men, he must first be placed on a reservation. Then a step-by-step program based on the humanitarians' own nineteenth -century values could begin: a massive education program followed by Christianization, allotment, assimilation and citizenship. "The incorporation of many of the reform ideas into the body of Indian policy from 1869 to 1890 suggests the significance of their work," writes Mardock. Indian-rights workers helped to formulate Grant's Peace Policy and to convince several Indian delegations that its acceptance was in their best interest. They generated enough publicity and pressure to influence the appointment and the discharge of several federal bureaucrats and to defeat the proposed transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War Department. The capstone of their efforts, of course, was the Dawes Severalty Act in 1887. Generally, this reviewer has nothing but praise for Mardock's wellwritten and tightly organized discussion of the advances and setbacks of these dedicated humanitarians. At times he guides us along trails originally blazed by Loring Benson Priest's Uncle Sam's Stepchildren: The Reformation of United States Indian Policy, 1865-1889 (1942) and Henry E. Fritz. The Movement for Indian Assimilation, 1860-1890 (1963), but the author's exhaustive analysis of the impact of Eastern reformers on so many facets of federal Indian policy is a unique and important contribution. His thorough research...

History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial

History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial

Review: History of the Santee Sioux. United States Indian Policy on Trial, by Roy W. Meyer

Review: <i>History of the Santee Sioux. United States Indian Policy on Trial</i>, by Roy W. Meyer

History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial. By &lt;italic&gt;Roy W. Meyer&lt;/italic&gt;. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1967. Pp. xvi, 434. $7.50.)

Journal Article History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial. By Roy W. Meyer. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1967. Pp. xvi, 434. $7.50.) Get access History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial. By Meyer Roy W.. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1967. Pp. xvi, 434. $7.50.) Edgar I. Stewart Edgar I. Stewart Cheney, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 74, Issue 1, October 1968, Page 299, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/74.1.299 Published: 01 October 1968

History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial

'This is a lucid and detailed account of the tragic effects of frontier expansion upon the native inhabitants of Minnesota. It depicts the condition of the eastern in the era of fur trading, considers the treaties that exchanged land for annuities, interprets the uprising of 1862, and traces Santee history' - Midcontinent American Studies Journal. 'A remarkably comprehensive study...[Meyer] makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of American Indian policy...The documentation is exceptionally full...The tone throughout is judicious and moderate, yet the author's deep sympathy for his subject is evident' - Francis Paul Prucha, Minnesota History.'This volume adds immeasurably to our historical knowledge about the fate of the Mdewakatons, Wahpekutes, Wahpetons, and Sissetons, the bands or divisions that constitute the Santee Sioux...Meyer joins the few historians...who continue their studies beyond the military subjugation of the American Indian' - Donald J. Berthrong, Historical Society of Southern California. 'One of the most substantial additions to our knowledge of the Dakota to appear' - Ethnohistory. 'The book adds insight to the motivations of such famous individuals as Little Crow and Wabasha as well as the influential white men such as Taliaferro, Galbraith, and Bishop Whipple...[It] not only brings the story of the Santee to its immediacy but offers the opportunity for this nation to learn something from history and profit from it' - Royal B. Hassrick, Colorado Magazine.'The first real effort to deal with the history of this eastern division of the Nation...it is all well written and rings true' - Choice. Since its original publication by the University of Nebraska Press in 1967, History of the Santee Sioux has become known as the definitive work on its subject. Now, in a revised edition, Roy W. Meyer brings the story of the Santees up to date. Roy W. Meyer is a professor emeritus of English at Mankato State University. His works include Village Indians of the Upper Missouri: The Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras, also published by the University of Nebraska Press.

History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial

Journal Article History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial. By Roy W. Meyer. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967. xvi + 434 pp. Maps, illustrations, notes, appendix, bibliography, and index. $7.50.) Get access Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr. Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr. University of Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 55, Issue 2, September 1968, Pages 376–377, https://doi.org/10.2307/1899568 Published: 01 September 1968

Uncle Sam's Stepchildren: The Reformation of United States Indian Policy, 1865–1887. By &lt;italic&gt;Loring Benson Priest&lt;/italic&gt;. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1942. Pp. x, 310. $3.75.)

Journal Article Uncle Sam's Stepchildren: The Reformation of United States Indian Policy, 1865–1887. By Loring Benson Priest. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1942. Pp. x, 310. $3.75.) Get access Uncle Sam's Stepchildren: The Reformation of United States Indian Policy, 1865–1887. By Priest Loring Benson. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1942. Pp. x, 310. $3.75.) Elaine Goodale Eastman Elaine Goodale Eastman Northampton, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 48, Issue 1, October 1942, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/48.1.142 Published: 01 October 1942