United States Department Of Transportation Research Articles

Sonic Justice and Tree Equity: Exploring Spatial Correlations between Aviation-Related Noise, Demographics, and Tree Canopy

The intricate relationship between aviation-related noise pollution, demographic factors, and tree canopy cover can hold significant implications for targeted interventions promoting environmental equity, sonic justice, and sustainable urban development. This study offers a geospatial exploration of these interconnections within the continental United States by employing National Transportation Noise Pollution data from the United States Department of Transportation alongside tree canopy cover from the United States Geological Survey’s National Land Cover Database and demographic data from the American Community Survey in a correlation analysis. Our analysis reveals stark disparities in noise exposure levels, notably underscoring that low-income and predominantly Hispanic neighborhood shoulder a disproportionate burden of aviation-related noise. Moreover, a correlation between aviation-related noise pollution and low tree canopy cover suggests a potential avenue for utilizing nature as a buffer against heightened noise levels. However, recognizing the delicate equilibrium between fostering a thriving tree canopy and ensuring aviation safety highlights a need for innovative urban planning solutions capable of simultaneously addressing sonic injustice and tree inequity.

Investigating transportation safety in disadvantaged communities by integrating crash and Environmental Justice data

Recent efforts to identify disadvantaged communities (DACs) on a census tract level have evoked possibilities of attaining transportation justice and vision zero goals in these areas. To identify DACs, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) has developed six comprehensive indicators: economy, environment, equity, health, resilience, and transportation access. The indicators are used to explore the associations between DACs (in 71,728 census tracts) and five years of fatal crashes, providing a comprehensive understanding of safety risks. Specifically, using data on DACs and linking it with census and crash data, this study aims to understand the complex connections between safety (captured through fatal crashes) and disadvantages that communities confront due to a convergence of multiple challenges and burdens using Zero-Hurdle Negative Binomial models. The results reveal that health, resilience, and transportation-disadvantaged tracts are associated with more fatal crashes. The study also found the presence of a higher percentage of the population with bachelor's degrees and increased use of public transportation are correlated with fewer fatal crashes. Also, a higher fatal crash rate is observed in disadvantaged census tracts where a high proportion of the Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native populations live. This implies that targeted interventions can be explored further in tracts that show high correlations with fatal crashes. The findings contribute to traffic safety by highlighting the risks in DACs, which can help design and implement traffic safety interventions. The insights gained from this study can inform decision-making and help to guide the development of more equitable traffic safety programs in disadvantaged communities.

BECO (Business, Engineering, Construction, and Other) Framework for Providing Effective and Comprehensive Supportive Services to Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in the United States

The Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program, established by the United States Department of Transportation, aims to remove barriers to participation of Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBEs) in highway projects, to promote the use of DBEs in federally assisted contracts, and to assist the development of DBEs. A DBE is a small, for-profit business owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals such as women or minorities. DBEs need various supportive services, depending on many factors, such as business area, size, and strategy. State Departments of Transportation often provide or hire third parties to provide supportive services to DBEs that are relatively expensive and inefficient. These services may also support only some and unintentionally exclude other DBEs. Under many challenges, one ultimate goal is to find a framework that covers all valuable DBE supportive services. This study proposes, tests, and validates a framework for providing effective and comprehensive DBE supportive services in the transportation sector. Based on discussions with DBE liaison officers and service providers, we propose the business, engineering, construction, and other (BECO) framework to provide DBE supportive services. We then use a sequential explanatory design in mixed methods, collecting quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate and validate the BECO framework. We analyze quantitative data using confirmatory factor analysis and qualitative data using pattern coding techniques. The results provide insights and reveal useful DBE supportive services using the BECO framework. The framework is useful for assessing DBE needs, informing DBE liaison officers and service providers, and offering the most useful supportive services to DBEs.

Navigating the skies: examining the FAA’s remote identification rule for unmanned aircraft systems

As technology and innovations in unmanned aerial vehicles progress, so does the need for regulations in place to create safe and controlled flying scenarios. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is a governing body under the United States Department of Transportation that is responsible for a wide range of regulatory activities related to the United States airspace. In a recently published final rule, the FAA addresses several concerns such as the need for a system to identify all aircrafts flying in national airspace, as well as the implementation of a separate system from the prevalent Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast system to prevent interference with manned aircrafts. Their solution to these concerns is the deployment of remote identification (RID) on all unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) flying under its implied jurisdiction. While US governing agencies retain the use of the word UAS for now, the International Civil Aviation Organization terminology is remotely piloted aircraft systems. The FAA describes the RID implementation as a “ Digital license plate” for all UAS flying in the United States airspace. They outline additional policies including several options for compliance, operating rules, and design and production guidelines for manufacturers. As the September 2023 deadline for compliance draws near, this article highlights possible deployment applications and challenges.

Addressing forced labor in supply chains in California

Transportation plays a key role in combating human trafficking and California is monumental in understanding this role. This paper presents one element of research undertaken for United States Department of Transportation for understanding the role of transportation in combating human trafficking in California through a survey of multi-disciplinary anti-trafficking practitioners followed by a semi-structured interview.This paper focuses on forced labor and supply chain management. It presents general knowledge on forced labor issues in California and globally, the intersection with transportation, efforts to combat forced labor in the supply chains, and experts’ suggestions on how to address forced labor. The study also supplements expert input with labor violation and transportation accessibility analysis.Experts state that in order the combat forced labor the underlying reason for forced labor, which is economic incentives, should be understood first for a shift to demand reduction. Experts urge for pricing studies, mapping and technology to understand the vulnerabilities, hot spots, legal operating price and detect anomalies in the supply chain. Second, experts suggest awareness and responsibility of all levels for achieving transparency in supply chains. Reexamination of California Transparency in Supply Chains Act and enforcement of other policies was also commonly suggested. Monitors, public private partnership and technology was recommended for ensuring sustainability of the efforts and capacity management. Labor violation and transit accessibility analysis supports the expert input for focusing on farm workers and garment industry and potential transportation accessibility solutions to address some of the vulnerabilities.

Exploring the dynamics of graph algorithms

In this paper, we describe an interactive visualization tool for representing the dynamics of graph algorithms. To reach this goal, we designed a web-based framework which illustrates the dynamics as time-to-space mappings of dynamic graphs. Such static diagrams of dynamic data have the benefit of being able to display longer time spans in one view, hence supporting the observer with comparison tasks which is challenging or even impossible for graph algorithm animations. Our tool can show details about how an algorithm traverses a graph step-by-step in a static and animated fashion, for graph algorithm exploration as well as educational purposes. The animation together with the time-to-space mapping hence forms an overview-and-detail approach. We also allow changing of speed, replaying, stopping, storing intermediate stages with parameter configurations, as well as measuring and monitoring performance and memory consumption to eventually identify bottlenecks in a graph algorithm. By using flight carrier data from the United States Department of Transportation and a network of autonomous systems we demonstrate how we used the tool to explore two standard graph-theoretic algorithms. Finally, we discuss scalability issues and limitations.Graphical abstract

Factors Affecting Red-Light Running of Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections

Hundreds of pedestrians have died and many have been injured in the past decades as a result of Red Light Running (RLR) infractions. According to the United States Department of Transportation, 846 pedestrians have died and 143,000 have been injured in 2019 due to RLR violations. The majority of previous studies have focused on pedestrian behavior at an intersection, whereas only a few have looked into pedestrian RLR violations. The main objectives of this research are to find the pedestrians’ RLR rate in Sri Lanka and to find ways to reduce the RLR rate of pedestrians at the signalized crossing. Video observation surveys were conducted to collect data at three signalized intersections within Kandy city limits during weekdays for two hours per site. Pedestrian demographic variables such as gender and age; crossing characteristics such as crossing type, direction, crossing speed etc; and site characteristics such as crossing length, pedestrian green time, etc. were recorded. Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests were done. Results showed that out of 178 females, 130 had compliance with signal phases and out of 386 males, only 215 had compliance with RLR of a pedestrian. Furthermore, other independent variables such as age, crossing type, direction etc. were also associated with compliance RLR of pedestrians under Chi-square results. Based on the results of binary logistic regression, the variables such as gender, crossing type, number of traffic lanes, and pedestrian speed are significant when decreasing the log of probability -0.658, -3.040, -1.022 and -2.556 of compliance for RLR respectively. Variables that crosswalk utilization are also significant when increasing the log of probability of RLR 1.406 of compliance for RLR. The results would help develop safer pedestrian infrastructures and engineering countermeasures as well as assist the researchers and practitioners in better understanding pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized intersections. KEYWORDS:Pedestrian’s violation,Road safety, Signalized crosswalk, Red-light running.

Maturity in Automated Driving on Public Roads: A Review of the Six-Year Autonomous Vehicle Tester Program

With support from United States Department of Transportation and state policies and regulations, in recent years manufacturers have initiated automated vehicle (AV) testing on public roads. Vehicle autonomy has grown from simulations and controlled environments to real-world driving environments with normal traffic. California is one of the states with an autonomous vehicle tester (AVT) program. It was established as early as 2014 for authorized manufacturers to test their AVs on public roads. This review examines permit holder information, autonomous mileage reports, autonomous vehicle disengagement reports, and autonomous vehicle collision reports over a six-year period. In addition to reviewing operating experience and the growth of AV testing, this study conducted in-depth analysis to evaluate maturity in automated driving technology and reported disengagement causes. It shows that a state-run AVT program boosts maturity in automated driving technology. At the same time, by participating in the AVT program, AV manufacturers showed a trend toward improvement in their AV technologies (e.g., an 8% fall in disengagements caused by hardware and software discrepancies and a 12% fall in those caused by perception discrepancies). States are encouraged to initiate or continue their AVT programs for the benefit of autonomous driving on public roads.

Injury-severity analysis of lane change crashes involving commercial motor vehicles on interstate highways

Introduction: One of the challenging tasks for drivers is the ability to change lanes around large commercial motor vehicles. Lane changing is often characterized by speed, and crashes that occur due to unsafe lane changes can have serious consequences. Considering the economic importance of commercial trucks, ensuring the safety, security, and resilience of freight transportation is of paramount concern to the United States Department of Transportation and other stakeholders. Method: In this study, a mixed (random parameters) logit model was developed to better understand the relationship between crash factors and associated injury severities of commercial vehicle crashes involving lane change on interstate highways. The study was based on 2009–2016 crash data from Alabama. Results: Preliminary data analysis showed that about 4% of the observed crashes were major injury crashes and drivers of commercial motor vehicles were at-fault in more than half of the crashes. Acknowledging potential crash data limitations, the model estimation results reveal that there is increased probability of major injury when lane change crashes occurred on dark unlit portions of interstates and involve older drivers, at-fault commercial vehicle drivers, and female drivers. The results further show that lane change crashes that occurred on interstates with higher number of travel lanes were less likely to have major injury outcomes. Practical Applications: These findings can help policy makers and state transportation agencies increase awareness on the hazards of changing lanes in the immediate vicinity and driving in the blind spots of large commercial motor vehicles. Additionally, law enforcement efforts may be intensified during times and locations of increased unsafe lane changing activities. These findings may also be useful in commercial vehicle driver training and driver licensing programs.

Social Equity and Bus On-Time Performance in Canada’s Largest City

Bus routes provide critical lifelines to disadvantaged travelers in major cities. Bus route performance is also more variable than the performance of other, grade-separated transit modes. Yet the social equity of bus operational performance is largely unexamined outside of limited statutory applications. Equity assessment methods for transit operations are similarly underdeveloped relative to equity analysis methods deployed in transit planning. This study examines the equity of bus on-time performance (OTP) in Toronto, Ontario, the largest city in Canada. Both census proximity and ridership profile approaches to defining equity routes are deployed, modifying United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Title VI methods to fit a Canadian context. Bus OTP in Toronto is found to be horizontally equitable. It is also found that the U.S. DOT approach of averaging performance between equity and non-equity routes masks the existence of underperforming routes with very significant ridership of color. These routes are overwhelmingly night routes, most of which are only classified as equity routes using a ridership definition. These results suggest that the underperformance of Toronto’s “Blue Night” network of overnight buses is a social equity issue. This OTP data is also applied to a household travel survey to identify disparities in the OTP of bus transit as experienced by different demographic groups throughout the city. It is found that recent immigrants and carless households, both heavily transit dependent populations in the Canadian context, experience lower on-time bus performance than other groups.

Understanding speeding behavior from naturalistic driving data: Applying classification based association rule mining

Speeding is considered as one of the most significant contributing factors to severe traffic crashes. Understanding the associations between trip/driving/roadways features and speeding behavior is crucial for both researchers and practitioners. This research utilized naturalistic driving data collected by the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) program and roadway features from a road inventory dataset - Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), provided by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), to investigate the hidden rules that associated trip/driving/roadway features with speeding behavior. A classification-based association (CBA) algorithm was adopted to explore the hidden rules from two perspectives of speeding: speeding duration and speeding pattern. Results indicate that the combinations of longer trips (more than 60 min), driving on the roadways with a relatively higher functional class are highly associated with longer speeding events (speeding longer than 2 min). The moderate speeding events (speeding longer than 2 min and longer than 30 s) are found highly associated with the combination of driving on roadways with lower functional class, absence of a median and relatively short trip time (less than 30 min). The research also found the combinations of driving on roadways with relatively lower functional class, experienced congestion before a speeding event, and the presence of a median is a leading cause that triggers a higher speeding pattern (speeding more than 5mph above the speed limit). Furthermore, the moderate speeding pattern (speeding more than 1mph above the speed limit and less than 5mph of the speed limit) is associated with the combinations of factors like experiencing congestion before a speed event, driving on roadways with higher functional class and a relatively shorter trip (less than 30 min). The findings can help practitioners understand the composite effect of these factors more comprehensively and provide corresponding countermeasures to mitigate the negative consequences of speeding wherever possible. These can also help in calibrating driver behavior parameters for transportation-related simulation tools.

LoRa-Based Physical Layer Key Generation for Secure V2V/V2I Communications.

In recent years, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication brings more and more attention from industry (e.g., Google and Uber) and government (e.g., United States Department of Transportation). These Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies are widely adopted in future autonomous vehicles. However, security issues have not been fully addressed in V2V and V2I systems, especially in key distribution and key management. The physical layer key generation, which exploits wireless channel reciprocity and randomness to generate secure keys, provides a feasible solution for secure V2V/V2I communication. It is lightweight, flexible, and dynamic. In this paper, the physical layer key generation is brought to the V2I and V2V scenarios. A LoRa-based physical key generation scheme is designed for securing V2V/V2I communications. The communication is based on Long Range (LoRa) protocol, which is able to measure Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in long-distance as consensus information to generate secure keys. The multi-bit quantization algorithm, with an improved Cascade key agreement protocol, generates secure binary bit keys. The proposed schemes improved the key generation rate, as well as to avoid information leakage during transmission. The proposed physical layer key generation scheme was implemented in a V2V/V2I network system prototype. The extensive experiments in V2I and V2V environments evaluate the efficiency of the proposed key generation scheme. The experiments in real outdoor environments have been conducted. Its key generation rate could exceed 10 bit/s on our V2V/V2I network system prototype and achieve 20 bit/s in some of our experiments. For binary key sequences, all of them pass the suite of statistical tests from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Risk Assessment of Incidents Response for Downstate New York Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure

In the United States today, there are thousands of miles of an extended network of natural gas pipelines across the nation. Current pipeline explosions and leaks in several regions have challenged the natural gas industry to re-evaluate efforts and to pursue proactive strategies. Safety and the environmental threat has become a primary concern in the United States and around the world, but mostly in cases where natural gases, oil, and other hazardous wastes are intricate. Thus, a significant point in the natural gas pipeline industry that signifies both the economic and social issue is the unplanned pipeline risk. In this article, a quantitative data analysis was performed for Downstate New York companies, Con Edison and National Grid. There, the data from various natural gas pipelines was observed for the trend regarding failing material, failure cause, aging characteristics, and perform a risk assessment to come up with training and risk checklist that could be crucial for risk handling strategies. The statistical analyses of the natural gas pipeline-related incident data for distribution pipelines between 2012 and 2016, which were composed from Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), are compiled. The total miles in the gas distribution pipelines in downstate New York is approximately 48,539 as of 2016. The equipment failure, other incident cause, other outside force, and excavation damages are the leading causes of the pipe-related incidents, which are responsible for over 20% of the total incidents between 2012 and 2016. As a result, a quantitative research methodology has been developed as the suitable approach to achieve risk assessment. Mainly, this approach aims towards risk management in natural gas industry projects using the maximum likelihood method on 70 rupture incidents between 2012 and 2016, which were collected from the PHMSA pipeline incident database. The hypothetical quantitative risk assessment of the gas distribution pipelines are illustrated by combining the statistics of the pipeline rupture incidents, as well as risk assessment performed in the present study.

Using innovative composites technology to reduce the cost of bridge building and help fix the US infrastructure deficit

For over 20 years the Advanced Structures and Composites Center of the University of Maine has been on a mission to bring advanced materials into construction. Clever use of reinforced plastics enabled them to develop groundbreaking bridge solutions. This has not gone unnoticed. The center was recently picked by the United States Department of Transportation to lead a five-year research project to look at the durability of domestic transportation infrastructure. We talk to Dr. Habib Dagher, founding director of the center.

Hole expansion ratio in intercritically annealed QP 980/1180 steel grades as a function of testing condition

United States Department of Transportation fuel economy and safety standards have led to the development of economically viable steels with excellent combinations of strength and ductility, better known as 3rd generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Quench and partitioned (QP) steels are of interest due to their excellent mechanical properties, though forming may be a challenge since stamped parts with a sheared edge may experience cracking at low strains. Hole expansion testing (HET) was performed on intercritically annealed QP 980 and QP 1180 steel sheets with two punch geometries (conical and flat bottom), edge conditions (sheared and machined), and complementary microstructural analysis was performed to better understand the effects on hole expansion ratio (HER). X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction experiments were performed to better understand factors affecting retained austenite (RA) stability as a function of strain. In this study, the QP 980 and QP 1180 steel grades had similar HERs for a majority of the testing conditions. Conical and flat bottom punches resulted in similar HERs despite varying edge conditions for a majority of the testing conditions, and the machined hole samples resulted in a higher HER than sheared hole samples regardless of punch geometry. The RA in QP 980 transformed at a faster rate than QP 1180 as a function of tensile strain. The relative stability of RA in QP 1180 was attributed to both RA morphology and the surrounding microstructure.

Big Data and Its Visualization With Fog Computing

Big Data is data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software are inadequate to deal with them. This article discusses what is Big Data, and its characteristics, and how this information revolution of Big Data is transforming our lives and the new technology and methodologies that have been developed to process data of these huge dimensionalities. Big Data can be discrete or a continuous stream of data, and can be accessed using many types and kinds of computing devices ranging from supercomputers, personal work stations, to mobile devices and tablets. Discussion is presented of how fog computing can be performed with cloud computing as a mechanism for visualization of Big Data. An example of visualization techniques for Big Data transmitted by devices connected by Internet of Things (IoT) is presented for real data from fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) managed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDoT). Big Data web-based visualization software are discussed that are both JavaScript-based and user interface-based. Challenges and opportunities of using Big Data with fog computing are also discussed.

Techno-economic analysis of conventional and advanced high-pressure tube trailer configurations for compressed hydrogen gas transportation and refueling

Transporting compressed gaseous hydrogen in tube trailers to hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) is an attractive economic option in early fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) markets. This study examines conventional (Type I, steel) and advanced (Type IV, composite) high-pressure tube trailer configurations to identify those that offer maximum payload and lowest cost per unit of deliverable payload under United States Department of Transportation (DOT) size and weight constraints. The study also evaluates the impacts of various tube trailer configurations and payloads on the transportation and refueling cost of hydrogen under various transportation distance and HRS capacity scenarios. Composite tube trailers can transport large hydrogen payloads, up to 1100 kg at 7300 psi (500 bar) working pressure, while steel tube trailer configurations are limited by DOT weight regulations and may transport a maximum hydrogen payload of approximately 270 kg. Using steel pressure vessels to transport hydrogen at high pressure is counterproductive because of the rapid increase in vessel weight with wall thickness. The most economic composite tube trailer configuration includes 30-inch-diameter vessels packed in a 3 × 3 array. A linear relationship between the deliverable payload and the capital cost of a composite tube trailer has been developed for configurations with the lowest cost-per-unit payload. The capital cost is approximately $1100 per kg of deliverable hydrogen payload. Considering the entire delivery pathway (including refueling), tube trailer configurations with smaller vessels packed in greater numbers enable higher payload delivery and lower delivery cost in terms of $/kg H2, when delivering hydrogen over longer distances to large stations. Selection of the appropriate tube trailer configuration and corresponding hydrogen payload can reduce hydrogen delivery cost by up to 16%.

Accelerating construction of roadway bridges using alternative techniques and procurement methods

Approximately a quarter of the bridges in the United States are classified as either functionally obsolete or structurally deficient by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT). As such, transportation agencies are challenged to handle the increasing need of upgrades with limited resources. Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) can reduce the construction duration and can decrease the environmental and socio-economic impacts of repair and upgrade activities by minimizing traffic disruptions. As several states are using accelerated construction techniques, a standard guideline would be highly beneficial for these agencies in developing or improving the ABC decision-making process. As problems are often project specific, a decision tool can assist in determining the viability of ABC over traditional construction methods and in selecting appropriate construction and contracting strategies on a case-by-case basis. This paper presents findings of a recent survey with regards to utilization of ABC strategies by state Departments of Transportation (DOTs), and a decision support framework which consists of three models: (1) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based ABC vs. traditional construction decision-making model; (2) ABC alternatives selection model; and (3) procurement method and contract selection model. The paper also discusses the use of ABC in New York State and describes a New York State bridge project to validate the AHP model.

Case Article—Growing Pains: A Case Study for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing

This is a case study focused on the quantitative modeling of transportation services for use in undergraduate and graduate level transportation and logistics or optimization courses. The problem considered in the case is a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with additional side constraints corresponding to delivery windows and United States Department of Transportation drive and duty time regulations. The case is presented in the context of a fictional company, Northeastern Home Goods (NHG), but is based on a problem encountered by a real organization. NHG is considering outsourcing its transportation services to a firm having logistics as a core competency. Specifically, NHG wishes to evaluate the transportation costs that will result if a single distribution center is used to serve all of NHG’s current stores according to a preexisting store delivery schedule. The primary objective of the case is to provide students with hands-on experience developing and applying solution techniques for a large unstructured vehicle routing problem. Secondary objectives include requiring students to think logically through the process of creating good solutions, promoting continuous improvement, and encouraging students to consider the business implications of their recommendations.

Connected Vehicles for Intelligent Transportation Systems [Guest editorial

The papers in this special section focus on the special features and applications supported by connected vehicles (CV) for intelligent transportation systems. CV systems use connectivity (via wireless communications), positioning (via Global Positioning System and digital maps), and data processing to enable vehicles, smart roadway infrastructure, and personal mobile devices to exchange information with each other and to provide road users with both safety and mobility advisories, warnings, and alerts. CV systems are creating new possibilities within the road transportation sector. They promise to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption; improve safety and security; enhance efficiency, mobility, and accessibility; and foster economic opportunities for advanced clean technology jobs and investments. The potential of CVs has been acknowledged with the establishment of ambitious research programs around the globe. In particular, radio spectrum has been allocated in North America, Europe, and Japan for dedicated short-range communications to facilitate safety technologies and applications for Intelligent Transportation Systems. The United States Department of Transportation has been taking steps to mandate car makers to enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies for light vehicles for a safe driving experience. Despite the potential vision of CV systems, there are numerous design challenges remaining to be addressed before their widespread deployment. The aim of this series is to present a collection of high-quality research papers on the state of the art in emerging technologies for CVs, the latest development in standardizations and regulations, as well as the potential services and applications for CV systems.