Unitary Theory Research Articles

Semisimple four‐dimensional topological field theories cannot detect exotic smooth structure

AbstractWe prove that semisimple four‐dimensional oriented topological field theories lead to stable diffeomorphism invariants and can therefore not distinguish homeomorphic closed oriented smooth four‐manifolds and homotopy equivalent simply connected closed oriented smooth four‐manifolds. We show that all currently known four‐dimensional field theories are semisimple, including unitary field theories, and once‐extended field theories which assign algebras or linear categories to 2‐manifolds. As an application, we compute the value of a semisimple field theory on a simply connected closed oriented 4‐manifold in terms of its Euler characteristic and signature. Moreover, we show that a semisimple four‐dimensional field theory is invariant under ‐stable diffeomorphisms if and only if the Gluck twist acts trivially. This may be interpreted as the absence of fermions amongst the ‘point particles’ of the field theory. Such fermion‐free field theories cannot distinguish homotopy equivalent 4‐manifolds. Throughout, we illustrate our results with the Crane–Yetter–Kauffman field theory associated to a ribbon fusion category, settling in the negative the question of whether it is sensitive to smooth structure. As a purely algebraic corollary of our results applied to this field theory, we show that a ribbon fusion category contains a fermionic object if and only if its Gauss sums vanish.

Fast Quantum State Discrimination with Nonlinear Positive Trace‐Preserving Channels

AbstractModels of nonlinear quantum computation based on deterministic positive trace‐preserving (PTP) channels and evolution equations are investigated. The models are defined in any finite Hilbert space, but the main results are for dimension . For every normalizable linear or nonlinear positive map ϕ on bounded linear operators X, there is an associated normalized PTP channel . Normalized PTP channels include unitary mean field theories, such as the Gross–Pitaevskii equation for interacting bosons, as well as models of linear and nonlinear dissipation. They classify into four types, yielding three distinct forms of nonlinearity whose computational power are explored. In the qubit case, these channels support Bloch ball torsion and other distortions studied previously, where it has been shown that such nonlinearity can be used to increase the separation between a pair of close qubit states, suggesting an exponential speedup for state discrimination. Building on this idea, the authors argue that this operation can be made robust to noise by using dissipation to induce a bifurcation to a novel phase where a pair of attracting fixed points create an intrinsically fault‐tolerant nonlinear state discriminator.

FI-flows of 3d N=4 theories

We study the 3d mathcal{N} = 4 RG-flows triggered by Fayet-Iliopoulos deformations in unitary quiver theories. These deformations can be implemented by a new quiver algorithm which contains at its heart a problem at the intersection of linear algebra and graph theory. When interpreted as magnetic quivers for SQFTs in various dimensions, our results provide a systematic way to explore RG-flows triggered by mass deformations and generalizations thereof. This is illustrated by case studies of SQCD theories and low rank 4d mathcal{N} = 2 SCFTs. A delightful by-product of our work is the discovery of an interesting new 3d mirror pair.

Manifestly unitary cosmological perturbation theory

The next decade will feature an abundance of novel cosmological data, while many fundamental questions about inflation remain. Given this, there is ample need for maximally efficient calculations, especially in non-standard scenarios for the early Universe. In inflationary cosmology, observables are computed within the framework of in-in perturbation theory. Weinberg introduced a now-widely used re-organization of perturbation theory for in-in calculations. There is a subtle difference in the iϵ prescriptions of Weinberg's perturbation series with traditional in-in, which could interfere with the projection onto the interacting vacuum. In this work, we show that a small adjustment to Weinberg's perturbation series yields agreement with standard in-in at every order of perturbation theory for commonly studied spins and masses in de Sitter spacetime. We then generalize the result to a large class of cosmological spacetimes, including slow roll spacetimes.

Incorporating the Coulomb potential into a finite, unitary perturbation theory

We have constructed a perturbation theory to treat interactions that can include the Coulomb interaction, describing a physical problem that is often encountered in nuclear physics. The Coulomb part is not treated perturbatively; the exact solutions are employed. The method is an extension of the results presented in the work of Hoffmann [J. Math. Phys. 62, 032105 (2021)]. It is designed to calculate phase shifts directly rather than the full form of the wavefunctions in position space. We present formulas that allow for the calculation of the phase shifts to second order in the perturbation. The phase shift results to second order, for a short-range potential, were compared with the exact solution, where we found an error of third order in the coupling strength. A different model, meant as a simple approximation of nuclear scattering of a proton on helium-4 and including a Coulomb potential and a spherical well, was constructed to test the theory. The wavepacket scattering formalism of Hoffmann [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 50, 215302 (2017)], known to give everywhere finite results, was employed. We found physically acceptable results and a cross section of the correct order of magnitude.

Distinguishing between employment relations and industrial relations: Is employment relations an old wine in a new bottle?

In the review of extant literature as regards industrial and employment relations approaches, it has been unveiled in this study that there exist differences in these approaches. These differences revealed shows that the shift from industrial relations to employment relations approach is not an “old wine in a new bottle” but a “new wine in a new bottle”. This study which is anchored upon Unitary and Conflict theories provides some justification for this viewpoint and recommends some positive actions to be taken in order to end the confusion in the usage of the two concepts/approaches both in theory and practice.

Kraepelin, the unitary psychosis theory and the classification in psychiatry

IntroductionThe history of psychiatry is the history of the unitary psychosis concept. Recent studies on this subject by prominent authors (Huda, Stanghellini, Broome, etc.) confirm that the problem has not been resolved but that it reappears now with more force from skeptical positions, based above all on the insufficiency of the classification criteria official (ICD-10, DSM-V). This skepticism has led to an attempt to make the line that separates normality from mental illness disappear with the weak argument that isolated psychotic symptoms are detected in the general population.The proposals to stop these movements that border on the denial of mental illness try to provide more information on the contextual and subjective factors of mental illness, thus reinforcing the so-called biopsychosocial model formulated by Engel in 1976, whose conceptual imprecision is largely responsible for the problems before indicated as well as other more serious ones for the organization of psychiatric care.ObjectivesPoint out the insufficiencies of the biopsychosocial model.-Point out the advantages of acquiring a classic evolutionary approach such as the one designed by Iván Pavlov besides the Volga and improved by some followers.-highlight the differences between researching in psychopathology, a true science, or doing it in clinical psychiatry, its practical application. This distinction is essential.MethodsThe works of some authors who have approached this conflict with dedication and rigor will be reviewed.Research lines followed during last hundred years in psychiatry will be contrasted with the results obtained.ResultsNew points of view and new tools need to be incorporated to solve this conflict that confuses experts so much are proposed.Ways of working are indicated that should avoid confusion between psychopathology and clinical psychiatryConclusionsA psychiatric diagnosis must be established on solid conceptual basis that we currently lack.-Both Kraepelin and Kurt Schneider are two key figures to recover and keep current in our daily practice.-The importance of patient’s subjectivity when taking an anamnesis of their problems seems very important. The question is how to manage that subjectivity in order to analyze it from a classical scientific model, Pavlov’s great desire.-A revisiting of Husserlian phenomenology is essential in the training plans of young psychiatrists and in daily psychiatric care. But this is not enough. We need new tools and new conceptual frameworks so that the phenomenological perspective can contribute to put light in problems as important as those generated by the constant change of diagnosis that is carried out with many patients.If we want a scientific psychiatry we cannot handle with tools that have failed since their creation.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A Unitary Theory of Healing Through Touch.

Touch has been linked empirically to healing outcomes; therefore, developing theories about the dynamics between touch and healing is important for nursing. A practice-based theory is described within a Unitary Science perspective emerging from the findings of a qualitative descriptive study of the experiences of persons with advanced cancer receiving touch (massage and simple touch) during hospice care. Seventeen participants were interviewed. Through content analysis and retroductive constructivist theory development, healing through touch was described as a dynamic process cocreated by healer and healee, characterized by the simultaneous activities of sensing , reflecting , and connecting . Interpretation of findings from a unitary lens led to an overarching theme of touch as sanctuary and explication of theoretical alignment with the concepts of wholeness, awareness, and presence.

Universal formula for the density of states with continuous symmetry

We consider a $d$-dimensional unitary conformal field theory with a compact Lie group global symmetry $G$ and show that, at high temperature $T$ and on a compact Cauchy surface, the probability of a randomly chosen state being in an irreducible unitary representation $R$ of $G$ is proportional to $(\mathrm{dim}\text{ }R{)}^{2}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{c}_{2}(R)/(b{T}^{d\ensuremath{-}1})]$. We use the spurion analysis to derive this formula and relate the constant $b$ to a domain wall tension. We also verify it for free field theories and holographic conformal field theories and compute $b$ in these cases. This generalizes the result in 2109.03838 that the probability is proportional to $(\mathrm{dim}R{)}^{2}$ when $G$ is a finite group. As a byproduct of this analysis, we clarify thermodynamical properties of black holes with non-Abelian hair in anti--de Sitter space.

Repercussion of the [formula omitted] [[formula omitted]] resonance and future developments

In this paper, we discuss the significance and prospect for the newly discovered a0(1710)[a0(1817)] resonance state at BESIII experiment, in which they reported the observation of a scalar meson of spin-parity $J^P=0^+$ with isospin $I=1$, branded as $a_0(1817)$. This state may be the same particle as the $a_0(1710)$ observed by the BaBar experiment earlier. As early as 2008, we found that f0(1710) can be regarded as a $K^* \bar{K}^*$ molecular state based on the chiral unitary theory, and there is a partner state $a_0(1710)$ with an isospin $I=1$. Our theoretical prediction based on this picture is in good agreement with the latest BESIII data, which further supports the molecular state picture of $a_0(1710)[a_0(1817)]$. If it is indeed the isospin partner state of $f_0(1710)$, this would rule out $f_0(1710)$ as a glueball candidate. This paper briefly reviews the relevant theoretical studies and suggests new experiments to further examine the nature of $a_0(1710)[a_0(1817)]$.

The Democracy Effects of Legal Polarization: Movement Lawyering at the Dawn of the Unitary Executive

The success of the conservative legal movement in reshaping the Supreme Court has unquestionably helped transform the substance of constitutional law in ways that advance the movement’s longstanding political agenda: reverse the civil rights-era constitutionalization of civil and social equality rights, and reduce government regulation of private sector business enabled by the modern administrative state. Less well understood is the movement’s role beyond the courts, and the range of ways it has shifted once shared norms that helped distinguish the practice of law from the practice of politics in the United States. This Article surfaces one example of that phenomenon, tracing the movement’s efforts beginning in the 1980s to advance a unitary exec-utive theory of constitutional power inside the Executive Branch. Inside the Department of Justice, these efforts functioned to kneecap a suite of post-Watergate ethics reforms designed to guard against cor-ruption or other misconduct by government lawyers. Outside the Department, aided by an increasingly polarized system of professional incentives the movement likewise pioneered, inadequate ethics ac-countability at the top of the profession functioned to undermine acceptance of professional norms more broadly. Among the norms most damaged: the belief that lawyers are bound by professional duties that transcend commitments to partisan loyalty. This recovered history in part underscores the extent to which judicial rulings are at best lag-ging indicators of legal revolutions. It likewise offers a case study of the structural consequences of theories of constitutional power engineered around circumstantial partisan interest. Above all, it illustrates how de-stabilizing the norms that support rule-of-law systems can weaken constitutional democracy across the board.

Covariances and parameter confidence intervals from light-element R-matrix evaluations

R-matrix parameter covariances for light elements with A 16 are calculated within the Wigner-Eisenbud multichannel unitary R-matrix theory. We review the theoretical foundation, numerical approach, and determination of the parameter covariances within this approach. We derive the relation between the parameter variance, as the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, and the parameter confidence interval based upon the chi-squared distribution. Cross section covariances computed from the parameter confidence intervals are calculated for several compound systems and discussed.

THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE JOB MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE IN DELTA STATE BROADCAST ORGANIZATIONS

The core of this study was to examine via inferential and descriptive statistics, the statistical correlation between organization communication on employee’s job motivation and job performance in the broadcast organizations in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was anchored on the unitary theory of industrial relations due to its relevance to the scope of this study. To achieve the general and specific objective of this study, the descriptive survey research design was adopted and primary data were obtained from questionnaire responses administered to one hundred and seventy-one staff of the seven broadcast organizations used for the study. Hypotheses were formulated and tested and findings emerged. This chapter therefore presents the summary of this study’s findings, conclusion, contribution to knowledge and recommendations.

Pedagogical translanguaging: Examining the credibility of unitary versus crosslinguistic translanguaging theory

This article analyzes the credibility of two conceptions of pedagogical translanguaging theory, namely, unitary translanguaging theory (UTT) and crosslinguistic translanguaging theory (CTT). I argue that there is no difference in pedagogical implications between UTT and CTT, but there are significant differences in the way UTT and CTT pedagogies are framed theoretically. UTT claims that the bilingual’s linguistic system is unitary and undifferentiated and that languages have no cognitive or linguistic reality. Based on this claim, UTT rejects several theoretical concepts including the notion of academic language, additive (approaches to) bilingualism, the common underlying proficiency (CUP) and the pedagogical importance of teaching for transfer across languages. CTT, by contrast, affirms the legitimacy of these theoretical concepts, which are fully consistent with dynamic or heteroglossic orientations to bilingual cognitive processing. Within CTT, bilinguals actually do speak languages, involving multiple registers and fluid boundaries, and teaching for transfer across these boundaries is a prime function of pedagogical translanguaging.

Scaling of the disorder operator at deconfined quantum criticality

We study scaling behavior of the disorder parameter, defined as the expectation value of a symmetry transformation applied to a finite region, at the deconfined quantum critical point in (2+1)d in the J-Q_3J−Q3 model via large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the disorder parameter for U(1) spin rotation symmetry exhibits perimeter scaling with a logarithmic correction associated with sharp corners of the region, as generally expected for a conformally-invariant critical point. However, for large rotation angle the universal coefficient of the logarithmic corner correction becomes negative, which is not allowed in any unitary conformal field theory. We also extract the current central charge from the small rotation angle scaling, whose value is much smaller than that of the free theory.

A single-particle framework for unitary lattice gauge theory in discrete time

We construct a real-time lattice-gauge-theory (LGT)-type action for a spin-1/2 matter field of a single particle on a -dimensional spacetime lattice. The framework is based on a discrete-time quantum walk, and is hence inherently unitary and strictly local, i.e. transition amplitudes exactly vanish outside of a lightcone on the lattice. We then provide a lattice Noether’s theorem for internal symmetries of this action. We further couple this action to an electromagnetic field by a minimal substitution on the lattice. Finally, we suggest a real-time LGT-type action for the electromagnetic field in arbitrary spacetime dimensions, and derive its classical equations of motion, which are lattice versions of Maxwell’s equations.

A tripartite view of the posterior cingulate cortex.

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the least understood regions of the cerebral cortex. By contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive investigation in humans and model animal systems, leading to detailed behavioural and computational theoretical accounts of its function. The time is right for similar progress to be made in the PCC given its unique anatomical and physiological properties and demonstrably important contributions to higher cognitive functions and brain diseases. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the PCC, with a focus on convergent findings across species and techniques that lay a foundation for establishing a formal theoretical account of its functions. Based on this converging evidence, we propose that the broader PCC region contains three major subregions - the dorsal PCC, ventral PCC and retrosplenial cortex - that respectively support the integration of executive, mnemonic and spatial processing systems. This tripartite subregional view reconciles inconsistencies in prior unitary theories of PCC function and offers promising new avenues for progress.

Baryogenesis from combined Higgs–scalar field inflation

We study a modification of the Higgs inflation scenario where we introduce an extra scalar $\phi$, with mass $m$, coupled to the Ricci scalar as $g\phi^2 R$, and mixed with the Higgs field $h$ via the Lagrangian term $\mu \phi h^2$. Both fields participate in the inflation process in a unitary theory that predicts values of the cosmological observables in agreement with the results from the Planck/BICEP/Keck collaborations. In addition, by means of a $\mathcal{CP}$-odd effective operator that couples $\phi$ to the Chern-Simons term of the hypercharge gauge group as $f_\phi^{-1}\phi \,Y_{\mu\nu}\tilde Y^{\mu\nu}$, maximally helical magnetic fields are produced during the last $e$-folds of inflation. We found a window in the coupling $ f_\phi$ where these fields survive all constraints until the electroweak phase transition, and source the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the Standard Model chiral anomaly. From a phenomenological perspective, the model can solve the Standard Model instability problem at the scale $\mathcal Q_I\simeq 10^{11}$ GeV, provided that $\mu\lesssim m \lesssim \mathcal Q_I$, and for $m\lesssim \mathcal{O}$(few)~TeV, the $\phi$-$h$ mixing becomes sizable while the theory turns natural. The latter thus predicts modifications of the trilinear and quartic couplings that could be explored at the HE-LHC, as well as at future colliders, and allows for direct $\phi$ production at the LHC followed by decay into $hh$. Present results from ATLAS and CMS already put (mild) bounds on the mass of the heavy scalar as $m\gtrsim 0.55$~TeV at 95\% C.L.

Grand Unified (Separation of Powers) Theory: Examining the United States Marshals

This Article examines a novel separation of powers issue that the Supreme Court has never directly addressed: the existence and practices of the United States Marshals. The United States Marshals serve an executive branch function—law enforcement—yet are often directly overseen and commanded by the judicial branch. In the United States federal government system—in which the executive and judicial branches are designed to act independently—the control the federal courts exercise over the marshals raises separation of powers concerns. Since no court has decided what test should apply when federal courts vicariously exercise executive power, this Article applies several separation of powers tests to the organizational command structure of the marshals. These tests derive from unitary executive theory, the nondelegation doctrine, and the non-Article III adjudication doctrine. Each of these doctrinal areas involve circumstances where one branch exercises the power of another. By applying the various Court-created tests, this Article reveals the common features and parallel results of the various tests and discusses the broader implications of those similarities. Despite the different names the Court uses, each test fundamentally comes down to balancing convenience of governance against the danger of aggrandizing one of the three branches. It behooves the Court to consolidate the numerous tests and create a unified separation of powers doctrine.

Comment on the subtlety of defining a real-time path integral in lattice gauge theories

Abstract Recently, Hoshina, Fujii, and Kikukawa pointed out that the naive lattice gauge theory action in the Minkowski signature does not result in a unitary theory in the continuum limit, and Kanwar and Wagman proposed alternative lattice actions to the Wilson action without divergences. We show here that the subtlety can be understood from the asymptotic expansion of the modified Bessel function, which has been discussed for the path integral of compact variables in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The essential ingredient for defining the appropriate continuum theory is the iε prescription, and with the proper implementation of this we show that the Wilson action can be used for real-time path integrals. It is important that iε should be implemented for both timelike and spacelike plaquettes. We also suggest why iε is required for the Wilson action from the Hamiltonian formalism: it is needed to manifestly suppress the contributions from singular paths, for which the Wilson action can give different values from those of the actual continuum action.