Product Unit Research Articles

Thermal modelling and analysis of a novel solar integrated waste-to-energy plant for sustainable society

Waste-to-energy incineration is an effective and sustainable solution to reduce produced waste and simultaneously generates electricity utilizing thermal energy. The waste-to-electrical efficiency of conventional incineration plants is limited to 20–25% due to the higher amount of moisture content in the feedstock and flue gas heat losses. In addition, tubes of the incineration boiler are subjected to corrosion problems at elevated temperatures. In the present research, a parabolic trough solar-integrated municipal solid waste power plant is proposed and thermodynamically evaluated for different useful outputs. The solar energy is harvested through parabolic trough collectors to reheat the working fluid of the incineration plant to increase the steam temperature before it is fed to the low-pressure turbine. Meanwhile, a single-effect absorption chiller is integrated to utilize the thermal energy of the trough collectors for cooling purposes. In addition, the thermal energy of flue gas is used to power an organic Rankine cycle that further drives a proton exchange membrane and reverse osmosis desalination unit for hydrogen and freshwater production, respectively. In this way, the steam temperature for reheating the low-pressure turbine is increased to further improve the performance of the proposed solar-integrated waste-to-energy plant without causing any corrosion problems to the incineration boiler. The integrated facility is thermodynamically analyzed based on a 560-tons/day incineration plant using the engineering equation solver (EES) software. The results indicate that the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed plant are 32.51% and 23.7%, respectively, while the coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller is 0.849. Moreover, it is concluded that the produced desalinated water and hydrogen rates are 23.96 kg/s and 0.000857 kg/s, respectively.

Implementation of a Bleeding Management Algorithm in Liver Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Objectives: The aims of the study were to compare the consumption of blood products before and after the implementation of a bleeding management algorithm in patients undergoing liver transplantation and to determine the feasibility of a multicentre, randomized study. Background: Liver transplantation remains the only curative therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease, but it carries a high risk of surgical bleeding. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of patients treated before (group 1) and after (group 2) implementation of a haemostatic algorithm guided by viscoelastic testing, including use of lyophilized coagulation factor concentrates (prothrombin complex and fibrinogen concentrates). Primary outcome was the number of units of blood products transfused in 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included hospital stay, mortality, and cost. Results: Data from 30 consecutive patients was analysed; 14 in group 1 and 16 in group 2. Baseline data were similar between groups. Median total blood product consumption 24 h after surgery was 33 U (IQR: 11–57) in group 1 and 1.5 (0–23.5) in group 2 (p = 0.028). Significantly fewer units of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate were transfused in group 2 versus group 1. There was no significant difference in complications, hospital stay, or in-hospital mortality between groups. The cost of haemostatic therapy was non-significantly lower in group 2 versus group 1 (7,400 vs. 15,500 USD; p = 0.454). Conclusion: The haemostatic management algorithm was associated with a significant reduction in blood product use during 24 h after liver transplantation. This study demonstrated the feasibility and provided a sample size calculation for a larger, randomized study.

Technology and implementation of fermentative units for bioprotein production from natural gas

Objectives. To conduct a comparative analysis of the features of a fermentation unit design for obtaining bioprotein from natural gas and determine the main technical and structural solutions used in the development of fermentation apparatus, which vary according to the method of organizing hydraulic and mass transfer processes.Results. An analysis of publications devoted to the problem of developing technological equipment for conducting the process of obtaining a bioprotein from natural gas is presented. Using the comparative analysis, the key features of bioreactors and their internal elements are indicated according to the method of organizing the hydrodynamic regime. The main approaches to the technological development of fermentation units for obtaining bioprotein from natural gas are described and technical solutions used in the implementation of these structures are identified.Conclusions. Fermenter designs for the cultivation of methane-oxidizing microorganisms vary according to the main approaches for implementing the hydraulic regime inside the apparatus. While one class of fermentation systems is based on the principle of volumetric mixing in the working space of the apparatus, with the possibility of including external circulation circuits, additional tanks, and auxiliary bioreactors in the system, the other main class relies on the principle of flow (displacement) in the tube space with subsequent release of the gas phase from the circulating culture liquid.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK DAN LAYANAN UPTD BALAI PELAYANAN DAN SAINTIFIKASI JAMU (BPSJ) KOTA PEKALONGAN

This study aims to analyze strategies in marketing products and services at UPTD BPSJ Pekalongan City. In today's modern era, where people prefer new products that are current, it is quite a challenge for UPTD BPSJ Pekalongan City in marketing traditional products and services. Marketing strategies carried out include developing innovative products with hygienic and modern packaging; line extension by introducing additional product units in the same category (product line) with the same brand; offline and online marketing. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using literature study methods. The analysis was conducted at UPTD BPSJ Pekalongan City. The results of the study show that the success of the marketing strategy of UPTD BPSJ Pekalongan City products and services is by doing a combination of conventional and digital promotions.

Comparative analysis of two cogeneration systems with different connection modes

This study explores the differences between two novel cogeneration systems with different connection modes. These two systems are the series and parallel systems composed of the Brayton cycle, the organic flash cycle, and the organic Rankine cycle, respectively, which both recover flue gas waste heat and LNG cold energy. First, the equipment and overall system performance of the series system and the parallel system are compared from three aspects of thermodynamics, economy, and exergoenvironment to evaluate the basic performance of the two systems under initial conditions. Next, the performance variations of both systems are assessed by varying the compressor outlet pressure, flash pressure, R14 mass flow rate, and heat source temperature. Finally, the Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search algorithm is used to optimize the systems for two and three objectives, taking the exergy efficiency, payback period and product unit exergoenvironmental impact as objective functions. The final results indicate that the three-objective optimized parallel system has the best performance, the exergy efficiency, payback period, and product unit exergoenvironmental impact of that is 62.25%, 1.389 years, and 7.799 × 10−3 mpt/kJ, respectively. By comparing the performance differences between the series system and the parallel system, this study provides application ideas for engineering requirements.

The optimal design of solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells integration with a CO2 recycling unit: An attempt to reach a clean transition process

High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology has great potential as a clean and effective energy source. However, several issues have prevented their widespread adoption, like high operating costs, difficulty integrating with other components, and being sensitive to fuel contamination. In order to address these challenges, the main novelties of the present work are carbon capture and utilization for clean energy production, using the flue gas condensation process as a cost-effective and energy-efficient strategy, and the combination of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) for increased energy efficiency and most effective component integration. The proposed novel system is also equipped with a gasifier and vanadium chloride unit for syngas and clean hydrogen production. The system's practicality is evaluated by analyzing the key performance indicators from thermodynamic, exergo-economic, exergo-environmental, and sustainability viewpoints. Also, the Sankey diagram is presented to investigate each component's effectiveness from the exergy destruction facet. According to the findings, at the most optimum design condition, the acceptable energy and exergy efficiencies of 61.06% and 50.66%, respectively, are achieved, revealing the system's effectiveness. The suggested system is also financially attractive since it achieves a reasonable levelized power cost of 17.6 $/MWh at a total cost of 44.1 $/h. The findings show that carbon dioxide recovery is crucial in reducing the pollutants due to the low emission index of 5.01 kg/GWh. Finally, the exergo-environmental index, environmental damage effectiveness, and exergy stability factor have equivalent values of 0.012, 0.59, and 0.54.

Finding the bleeding edge: 24-hour mortality by unit of blood product transfused in combat casualties from 2002-2020.

Transfusion studies in civilian trauma patients have tried to identify a general futility threshold. We hypothesized that in combat settings there is no general threshold where blood product transfusion becomes unbeneficial to survival in hemorrhaging patients. We sought to assess the relationship between the number of units of blood products transfused and 24-hour mortality in combat casualties. A retrospective analysis of the Department of Defense Trauma Registry supplemented with data from the Armed Forces Medical Examiner. Combat casualties who received at least one unit of blood product at US military medical treatment facilities (MTFs) in combat settings (2002-2020) were included. The main intervention was the total units of any blood product transfused, which was measured from the point of injury until 24 hours after admission from the first deployed MTF. The primary outcome was discharge status (alive, dead) at 24 hours from time of injury. Of 11,746 patients included, the median age was 24 years, and most patients were male (94.2%) with penetrating injury (84.7%). The median injury severity score was 17 and 783 (6.7%) patients died by 24 hours. Median units of blood products transfused was 8. Most blood products transfused were red blood cells (50.2%), followed by plasma (41.1%), platelets (5.5%), and whole blood (3.2%). Among the 10 patients who received the most units of blood product (164 units to 290 units), 7 survived to 24 hours. The maximum amount of total blood products transfused to a patient who survived was 276 units. Of the 58 patients who received over 100 units of blood product, 20.7% died by 24 hours. While civilian trauma studies suggest the possibility of futility with ultra-massive transfusion, we report that the majority (79.3%) of combat casualties who received transfusions greater than 100 units survived to 24 hours. These results do not support a threshold for futility of blood product transfusion. Further analysis as to predictors for mortality will help in situations of blood product and resource constraints. Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.

A waste heat and liquefied natural gas cold energy recovery-based hybrid energy cycle: An effort to achieve superior thermodynamic and environmental performances

Cascading energy production cycles to make maximum utilization of waste heat can considerably enhance thermodynamic performance. In addition, the simultaneous recovery of waste heat of a power plant and liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy in the form of cascading power generation cycles can lead to superior thermodynamic and environmental results. In this article a comprehensive analysis of a solar-assisted hybrid energy cycle (HEC) for electricity and natural gas (NG) generation is presented. The developed HEC is comprised a tri-stage organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit, a double-stage organic flash cycle (OFC) unit, and a solar unit based on parabolic trough collectors (PTCs). Exhaust gas, LNG, and solar energy are considered as main inputs. By employing the offered solar-assisted HEC, it is possible to take maximum advantage of the large temperature difference between the exhaust gas (CO2) and LNG. Besides, a percentage of the cycle's thermal duty is produced via the solar farm. A comprehensive analysis of thermodynamic, exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic standpoints has been conducted. A tri-objective optimization algorithm and a sensitivity analysis considering all the above standpoints are also developed. According to the developed simulation, net output electricity, NG production rate, and exergy efficiency of the energy cycle were almost 8.63 MW, 22.62 kg/s, and 66.4%, respectively. Further, the values of product unit environmental impact and product unit cost were 0.262 mPts/kWh and 0.0923 USD/kWh, respectively. Moreover, elevating the compressor pressure ratio can greatly enhance the environmental impacts caused by the offered solar-assisted HEC. Also, raising the value of pressure ration of the compressor can greatly enhance the environmental impacts. Finally, the performance of the solar unit was done according to the solar radiation data of a certain city.

Haemostatic resuscitation in practice: a descriptive analysis of blood products administered during Operation HERRICK, Afghanistan

IntroductionLife-threatening haemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable injury in battlefield casualties. During Operation HERRICK (Afghanistan), mortality rates improved year on year due to a number of advances in...

Effectiveness of probiotic Rumit in the dairy Ayrshire cattle diet

The effect of using enzymatic and probiotic preparation “Rumit” in feeding the Ayrshire cattle has been studied. The objectives included the analysis of biochemical blood parameters of newborn cows, research of the feed additive action on the activity of rumen microflora and milk productivity level, as well as calculation of economic efficiency of the probiotic. To implement the objectives the experiment was carried out in the period from March to July 2021 on the basis of OOO “Zarya” of Chagodoshchensky district of the Vologda Oblast. During the experiment there were formed two groups of the Ayrshire cattle of 15 cows each at the beginning of lactation, selected by the method of balanced groups. Cows of the control group received the farm diet, and the experimental group was given an additional 50 g per head per day of probiotic “Rumit” in the daily feeding. The duration of the experiment was 90 days. Use of the probiotic in the experimental group contributed to the increase of rumen microflora activity by 28 % (P≤0.05). In the analysis of biochemical blood parameters of the experimental animals, compared with the control group, there was an increase in total protein by 14.3 % (P≤0.05), urea decreased by 19 % (P≤0.05) and bilirubin fell by 21.3 % (P≤0.05). There was an increase in cows’ milk productivity in the experimental group by 6.7 % and, as a consequence, a 5.2 % reduction in the cost of energy feed units for production. Additional profit from selling milk in the experimental group was 37.32 rubles per head per day.

Transfusion and hematologic indices in cases of stillbirth due to placental abruption

Stillbirth because of placental abruption is often associated with maternal hemorrhage and coagulopathy. This study aimed to describe blood product requirements, hematologic indices, and the overall clinical picture of patients experiencing abruption demise. This retrospective cohort included patients with abruption demise at an urban hospital from 2010 to 2020. Outcome data from patients who delivered stillborn infants ≥500 g or with gestational age of ≥24 weeks were included. Abruption was a clinical diagnosis made by a multidisciplinary stillbirth review committee. The overall number and type of blood products given were analyzed. Patients with a stillbirth who required blood transfusion were compared with those that did not. In addition, the hematologic indices of these 2 populations were analyzed and compared with one another. Finally, the overall clinical characteristics of the 2 populations were analyzed. The analysis of data included chi-square, t test, and logistic and negative binomial regression models. Of 128,252 deliveries, 615 patients (0.48%) experienced a stillbirth, with 76 cases (12%) caused by abruption. Of note, 42 patients (55.2%) required blood transfusion; all received either packed red blood cells or whole blood with a median 3.5 units (2.0-5.5) received. The total units ranged from 1 to 59, with 12 of 42 patients (29%) requiring ≥10 units. Maternal age, gestational age, and mode of delivery were not different, with most (61/76 [80%]) delivering vaginally. Hematocrit level on arrival (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.91; P=.002) and vaginal bleeding on arrival (odds ratio, 3.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-13.40; P=.033) were associated with blood transfusion, as was a diagnosis of preeclampsia (odds ratio, 8.40; 95% confidence interval, 2.49-33.41; P=.001). Those that required a blood transfusion often presented with lower hematologic indices and were more likely to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation (28% vs 0%; P<.001). Most patients experiencing stillbirth because of abruption required blood transfusion, with almost 1 in 3 of those patients consuming ≥10 units of blood products. Hematocrit level on arrival, vaginal bleeding, and preeclampsia were all predictors of the need for blood transfusion. Those requiring blood transfusion were more likely to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation. Blood transfusion should be prioritized when abruption demise is suspected.

The resilience of short food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of a direct purchasing network

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges to global food supply chains. Since the beginning of the pandemic researchers have studied various food supply chain issues influenced by the COVID-19 crisis, including impacts on consumer behavior, and logistical and organizational changes to food supply chains. Despite the proliferation of studies on food supply chains during the pandemic, only a few researchers have focused on short food supply chains and their resilience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the resilience of short food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic using a direct purchasing (DP) network as a case study. The study considered three research questions. (1) How has the functioning of the DP network changed during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) What role do resilience elements (i.e., readiness to shocks, responsiveness to disruption, and recovery from the crisis) play in the short food supply chain response to the COVID-19 crisis? (3) Which innovations in the short food supply chain would further the recovery process, and thus resilience, after the crisis?MethodsThis article presents a case study of a direct organic food purchasing network in Latvia. The analysis of economic data regarding the dynamics of organic product demand and supply in the DP network was supplemented with an analysis of qualitative data gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews with representatives of three groups of DP network participants: consumers, producers, and DP network organizers.Results and discussionFrom the consumer and producer experiences, the DP network was a flexible short food chain that could adapt quickly in a crisis. While the number of DP distribution points and total number of purchases decreased during the pandemic, a statistically significant increase in the number of product units sold compared to the pre-COVID-19 period was observed. From the perspective of food chain resilience elements, the reactive strategies of the DP network as a short food supply chain were highlighted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the organizational and product innovations introduced in the DP network played a key role in enhancing the resilience of the short supply chain in the context of the wider food system.

A new biomass-natural gas dual fuel hybrid cooling and power process integrated with waste heat recovery process: Exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic assessments

The integration of gas turbine cycle (GTC)-based energy processes with a biomass gasification process employing a post-combustion approach, in addition to improving the reliability and performance of the energy cycle, can reduce the current crisis in the energy sector and balance the environmental impacts of the hybrid energy cycle. The present paper develops a multi-criteria evaluation and optimization of a novel hybrid cooling and power process (HCPP) based on GTC and post-combustion-based biomass gasification process integrated with downstream cycles. Two fuels (i.e., natural gas and biomass) are utilized simultaneously to produce energy in the proposed process. In addition, the downstream cycles are based on two organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) and a refrigeration unit to recover waste heat. The performance of the developed HCPP has been evaluated and discussed from the thermodynamic-conceptual, exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic points of view. Additionally, a tri-objective optimization is applied to identify optimal inputs and outputs variables. The overall results indicated that the proposed HCPP can produce 13 MW of electric power and 7.6 MW of cooling load. The thermal and exergy efficiencies of the system were 70.1% and 42.85%, respectively. Moreover, the values of levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and product unit environmental impact (PUEI) were calculated as 0.0748 USD/kWh and 0.0184 Pts/kWh, respectively. However, under tri-objective optimization, the values of LCOE and PUEI can be reduced by approximately 9.4% and 16.8%. The effect of different parameters was also discussed and evaluated through a parametric analysis. Furthermore, the conceptual assessment and design of the solar field was developed for a hypothetical scenario and configuration (based on geographical conditions of a certain region).

Optimal structure of multiple resource supply systems with storages

Production systems with storages have recently attracted considerable attention from the reliability research community. The existing models assume a single type of resource consumed for product generation. This work extends the state of the art by considering a more general and practical model, where multiple resource supply subsystems (RSS) provide different kinds of necessary resources during the production cycle. Each RSS has a storage with limited capacity to save surplus resource, which may be supplied to the production unit when the RSS fails. The product unit may operate with different productivity levels, and RSS and storages can be chosen from multiple types. We formulate a new optimization problem, which chooses the productivity level of the production unit and the types of RSS and storage for each kind of resource required for the production to maximize the expected manufacturer's profit. A new numerical algorithm is proposed to evaluate the expected profit and the genetic algorithm is implemented to solve the proposed optimization problem. A detailed case study of a chemical reactor system with four RSSs supplying two reagents, catalyzer, and cooling water is provided to demonstrate the proposed model and influences of several model parameters on the optimization solutions.

Thermo-economic optimization and comparative analysis of different organic flash cycles for the supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle waste heat recovery

It is well known that the energy efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide recompression Brayton cycle (sCO2RBC) can be improved by employing the bottoming cycles to recover its large waste heat. To achieve better performance, three bottoming cycles with a good temperature matching with the sCO2 stream, namely the basic organic flash cycle (BOFC), the regenerative organic flash cycle (ROFC), and the organic flash Rankine cycle (OFRC), are employed to combine with the sCO2RBC in this work. The parametric analysis is performed to determine the variation trends of systems’ thermodynamic and exergoeconomic performance with five important parameters. The single-objective optimization is conducted for the sCO2RBC/BOFC, sCO2RBC/ROFC and sCO2RBC/OFRC systems with six organic fluids. The single-objective optimization results show that the highest exergy efficiency of the sCO2RBC/OFRC is higher than that of the rest combined sCO2RBC/OFCs by up to 1.95%. And the lowest total product unit cost for the sCO2RBC/OFRC is up to 0.93% lower than that of the rest combined sCO2RBC/OFCs. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed for the three combined sCO2RBC/OFCs, sCO2RBC/ORC and stand-alone sCO2RBC systems under the multi-objective optimization conditions. Results show that the integrated systems can improve the ηex by 4.62–6.06% and reduce the cp,tot by 2.68–3.14% when taking the sCO2RBC system as the baseline system. The sCO2RBC/OFCs and sCO2RBC/ORC are recommended to use R1336mzz(Z) and R245fa as working fluids, respectively. Moreover, the sCO2RBC/OFRC system achieves an improvement of 0.41%–1.37% in exergy efficiency with a comparable total product unit cost, compared to other aforementioned integrated systems.

Nutritive value of forages consumed by ruminants during the dry season in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

AbstractBackgroundIn the Western Highlands of Cameroon (WHC), information on the nutritional value of fodder species consumed by ruminants is very limited.MethodsThrough interviews with farmers and monitoring of animals on the range, information was obtained on the types of fodder resources consumed by the ruminants. Samples of each forage species were collected in 15 districts, mixed, chopped, and dried in a ventilated oven at 60°C, and then ground for chemical composition analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two forage species were identified. Among these species, Vernonia amygdalina (29.43% ± 0.45% dry matter [DM]) and Pennisetum clandestinum (87.21% ± 1.33% DM) were, respectively, the highest in protein and neutral detergent fiber contents. Manihot esculenta was one of the most energy‐rich forages in terms of forage unit for lactation and forage unit for meat production. Hierarchical ascending classification revealed three main groups of forages, respectively, rich in crude fiber (Group 1), protein (Group 2), and energy (Group 3).ConclusionsThe present study identified 22 forage species browsed by ruminants in WHC. Further studies should be carried out to determine the antinutritional factors and to evaluate their nutrient value using in vitro or in situ digestibility techniques.

The integration of Time Driven-Activity Based Costing (TD-ABC) in a lean Manufacturing System for accurate product unit cost A Case Study in Egypt

The integration of Time Driven-Activity Based Costing (TD-ABC) in a lean Manufacturing System for accurate product unit cost A Case Study in Egypt

TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN ELECTRICAL COMPLEX OF PRODUCTION WELL WITH DOWNHOLE COMPENSATOR OF REACTIVE POWER

Link for citation: Glazyrin A.S., Isaev Yu.N., Kopyrin V.A., Timoshkin V.V., Kladiev S.N., Khamitov R.N., Kovalev V.Z., Losev A.F., Leonov A.P., Popov E.I. Transient processes in electrical complex of production well with downhole compensator of reactive power. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.168-180. In Rus. The relevance. At the present time at routine complication of technological processes to increase efficiency of production processes due to introduction of new equipment conflicts between functional capabilities of various technical means and their ability to function with specified quality, in specified electromagnetic environment and do not create inadmissible electromagnetic interference to other technical means. The electrical engineering complex for oil production includes a combination of ground and submersible electrical equipment assembled for receiving, transforming electrical energy, controlling its flow, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmitting it to a submersible pump, including various electrical and electronic devices: a control station with a frequency converter, a step-up transformer, a cable line, a submersible electric motor, a downhole reactive power compensator and other devices. Any change in the layout of electrical systems for extracting oil or technical characteristics of the equipment used requires careful analysis of transient processes between the operating modes of electrical equipment in order to prevent the risks of false triggering of electrical equipment protection devices. The purpose: analysis of transient processes in the electrical system of the production well with the downhole reactive power compensator when the power supply is disconnected in order to prevent the risks of false operation of the compensator protection devices. The object: section of a power supply system for a cluster of oil producing wells equipped with electric centrifugal pump installations with downhole reactive power compensators. Methods: positions of theoretical bases of electrical engineering, theory of electric drive, theory of differential equations, numerical methods. Results. The authors developed the mathematical model of the electrical system of the submersible unit for oil production with a downhole reactive power compensator, which enables to investigate transient processes in start-up and shutdown mode of the submersible induction motor. Characteristics of transient processes are obtained in elements of electrical complex of submersible plant for oil production when power supply is switched on and disconnected. It is established that the maximum current surge in the downhole reactive power compensator is 2,56 times with the parameters of the electrical system of the production well accepted in the study. The inventive measures for reducing the number of false actuations of the protection devices are also disclosed.

The qualitative process data approach as an opportunity to improve innovation management studies

Objective: This article presents the process data research approach as an opportunity to improve management studies and to create a roadmap for beginners. Process research is a sidelined way to conduct qualitative studies. The fundamental concern of the process approach is to capture and apprehend the meanings attributed to organizational phenomena directly in the field of research, aiming to understand and answer the questions of ‘how’ and ‘why’ events change over time. Method: This study reviews selected recent research on innovation management that used process research criteria (temporal orientation, units of analysis, sample, data, analytical strategies, and conceptual products) as the backdrop. Main Results: The main result of this paper is the creation of a roadmap for applying the process research approach. Also, it highlights elements of improvement for management studies from the process data approach. Relevance / Originality: This study provides several examples of qualitative process research in innovation. The proposed roadmap helps increase the rigor and uses of this research approach. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: We offer an academic discussion on process research’s role in improving (innovation) management studies.

The Influence of Economic Growth, Asset Turnover, Financial Risk on Stock Returns, with Business Risk as a Moderator in Property Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2011-2016

An economy is said to experience Economic expansion occurs when more goods and services are produced. In the real world, tracking how many units of products and services were created over a certain period of time is quite challenging. The disadvantage is evident not only because the types of goods and services produced are very diverse, but also the units of measure are different. because it is an estimated value. Gross Domestic Product figures show changes in Money is output value. GDP at constant prices is a measure of the gross domestic product (GDP) used to assess economic expansion