Unit Commanders Research Articles

Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

A Study on the Influence of the Behavioral Style of Small Unit Commander on Organizational Effectiveness: Focusing on the Mediator Effect Trust

A Study on the Influence of the Behavioral Style of Small Unit Commander on Organizational Effectiveness: Focusing on the Mediator Effect Trust

Evaluation of water harvesting structures on agricultural productivity: the case of Tigray Region, Ethiopia

The regional government of Tigray in collaboration with NGOs and donors has implemented many water harvesting technologies to improve the livelihood of the people. However, there is limited research that evaluates the productivity of water harvesting structures considering socio-economic, institutional and technical aspects. Thus, this study aims at filling the gaps in evaluating the impact of water harvesting technologies on agricultural productivity using socio-economic, institutional and technical criteria in the region. For the socio-economic evaluation cross-sectional data collected from a survey of 781 households were used and analyzed using mean separation tests and propensity score matching analysis. Institutional aspect was evaluated using qualitative information from focus group and key informant discussions. Performance indicators like irrigation efficiency, output per unit command, cost per hectare and environmental effects were used for technical evaluation. Probit estimation result indicated the members of water users association and cooperatives as well as access to institutional services have positive influence on adoption of water harvesting technologies. The average treatment effect results also showed that all water harvesting technologies except wells have positive and significant effect on improving agricultural productivity. Institutional evaluation results showed that water user associations are neither well established nor functioning properly. Technical evaluation results showed that irrigation efficiency ranges from 25 to 74% for spate and river diversion, respectively. Furthermore, output and investment cost per hectare are the highest for dam while they are low for hand dug wells and spate irrigation. Considering overall technical criteria river diversion is the most productive technology in the region.

METODOLOGIA DE PRIORIZAÇÃO DAS NATUREZAS DE INFRAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS PARA EMPREGO DA POLÍCIA MILITAR AMBIENTAL CATARINENSE

A Polícia Militar de Santa Catarina, através do Comando de Policiamento Militar Ambiental (CPMA), desenvolve diversas ações nas áreas de fiscalização ambiental. Os esforços desta unidade especializada são destinados quase que em sua totalidade ao atendimento de denúncias provenientes da população em geral. O nível de complexidade da atividade desenvolvida e a quantidade de ocorrências recebidas são desproporcionais aos recursos existentes, acarretando na impossibilidade do atendimento de toda a demanda. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a priorização das ocorrências de infrações ambientais de diferentes naturezas, quer sejam administrativas ou penais, através de métodos comparativos já conhecidos como a matriz GUT e a comparação Par a Par. Como resultado, atribui-se pontuação às diversas naturezas de infrações, possibilitando ao Comandante da unidade, alocar recursos de forma mais eficiente para o atendimento das ocorrências mais relevantes ao meio ambiente e à sociedade.

THE ROMAN MILITARY DIPLOMA AS A HISTORICAL DOCUMENT

The purpose of the article is to analyze and characterize the Roman military diploma as a historical document. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific methods and principles: a comparative and historiographical analysis, systematization of scientific literature, research works and documents; the principle of historicism, systematicity, scientificity and objectivity. The scientific novelty: on the basis of a wide range of the research es for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the significance of the Roman military diploma as a historical document ha s been characterized; the prospects of the study of diplomata militum as the sources for the study of the Roman influences on the territory of ancient Ukraine have been elucidated . The Conclusions . During m any years the research es in the field of epigraph ics , including the study of military diplomas, became an important component in the reconstruction of the personnel of the Roman auxiliary units – auxilia, the names of these units, and helped reproduce some other aspects of functioning related not only to the military history. This refers to the administrative apparatus of the Empire, in particular, in addition to the then ruling emperor, in the diplomas the names of consuls, the governor of the province and the commanders of these military units are recorded ; you can also trace the stages of their career – cursus honorum. Analyzing these documents, we can determine the status and place of retired servicemen in their residence places after the honorary resignation ( honesta missio ), to trace the stages and nature of the Romanization of the provinces owing to the quantity of diplomas found and the information about the retiree’s family. It ha s been also noted that the Roman military diplomas from the territory of Ukraine can be an important source for studying some aspects of the history of ancient Ukraine. Nowadays, many issues related to the Roman military diplomas remain not analyzed. For instance, the place of publishing of the imperial constitutions (tabula aenae (aerae)), from which the diplomas were copied , has not yet been identified. The place the diplomas were stored has not been identified either. It is unknown why bronze documents were stopped issuing in the ІІІd century and what are the reasons for their appearance on the territory of the Ukrainian lands. Despite all these gaps, many aspects of this issue have already been studied and this gives us the opportunity to look in a new way at the functioning of such a complex part of the Roman state mechanism as the Roman army.

Legal regulation of the state of emergency in the legislation of the Russian Empire

The article considers the history of legal regulation of the state of emergency in the Russian state, starting with the period of reign of Ivan the terrible to the reign of Nicholas II. It is shown that the General form of the input of such a regime was the introduction of the oprichnina, conscription, the creation of the militia, the imposition of additional taxes and imposition of duties of the population to strengthen the Fortezza, the supply of food and fodder. In the Russian Empire, control over the implementation of the emergency condition were assigned to governors, heads of police, and commanders of military units during hostilities. With the aim of systematizing a normative-legal acts adopted during this historical period, was divided into three stages: 1) nucleation (the reign of Ivan the terrible, Peter i); 2) formation (the period of reign of Alexander i, Nicholas i); 3) formation (during the reign of Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II). The outset is characterized in that the first normative-legal acts in this sphere was adopted during the reign of Ivan IV the terrible in the middle of the XVI century. by the introduction of the oprichnina, which was a direct rule of Moscow Czar. The next step in the development of the history of the state of emergency was the rule of Peter i, who in February 20, 1705, issued a Decree against conscription, first in southern and later throughout the Empire. The period of the legislation regarding state of emergency began during the reign of Alexander i. The Governor has declared a state of emergency on the territories of hostilities between the French and the Russians on the basis of manifestos and a separate Imperial decrees. During the reign of Nicholas I the question of introducing a state of emergency was decided by the Emperor and control over the implementation of such legal acts darecasa the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Chancellery. The period of formation of bases of a state of emergency to the period of the reign of Alexander II. The development of legal regulation of the state of emergency significantly affected by the introduction in the Empire police reforms 60-70-ies of the XIX century. In the early twentieth century legal regulation of emergency has undergone significant changes. So in 1901, Nicholas II approved the «regulation on the control of fortresses», which established the responsibilities of tenants unquestionably carry out the orders of the military leadership. In the Russian Empire, a state of emergency was introduced during the military actions, mass demonstrations, strikes, terrorist acts, by granting exclusive powers to the governors-General, military and local authorities concerning the transfer of suspected persons to the military courts, attracting people to defence works, the collection of militias, expulsion of unreliable and suspicious persons to Siberia and the Far East. Key words: legal regime; state of emergency; legal act; oprichnina; mobilization; governors general; terrorism.

Порівняльний аналіз роботи посадових осіб органів управління військових частин (підрозділів) під час планування бою (дій) у Збройних Силах України та арміях країн – членів НАТО

У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз алгоритмів роботи посадових осіб органів військового управління військових частин (підрозділів) Сухопутних військ Збройних Сил України під час планування операції (бою, дій) з аналогічними алгоритмами роботи посадових осіб органів управління армій країн – членів НАТО. Аналіз алгоритмів дав підстави для висновку, що структурно-логічна природа кожного з процесів планування, їх змістовне наповнення та цілеспрямованість мають багато спільного. Сутність обох алгоритмів роботи полягає в тому, що відповідно до поставлених старшим командиром завдань та обстановки, що склалася, вдається вчасно визначити замисел бою (дій) або концепцію операції, як це прийнято в арміях НАТО, сформулювати й поставити бойові завдання підпорядкованим військовим частинам (підрозділам), організувати взаємодію, всебічне забезпечення бою (дій) та управління.Визначено, що в основу обох алгоритмів покладено діяльність командира та підпорядкованого йому штабу, яка націлена на ефективне використання сил і засобів для досягнення мети бою (дій) з найменшими втратами людських ресурсів, озброєння та військової техніки і витратах матеріально-технічних засобів. Як і в арміях країн – членів НАТО, так і в Збройних Силах України вся робота з планування бою (дій) проводиться так, щоб забезпечити безперервне управління підрозділами, своєчасне прийняття рішення і доведення завдань підлеглим, при цьому в обох випадках більша частина наявного часу надається підпорядкованим підрозділам для їх підготовки до виконання бойового завдання.У той же час, алгоритм, який ґрунтується на оперативних процедурах за стандартами НАТО, має більш змістовний та конкретизований характер, глибше деталізує заходи аналізу одержаного завдання, оцінювання обстановки, визначення, оцінювання та порівняння розроблених варіантів дій, дає командирові змогу не лише оцінити можливі ризики, а й ужити заходів щодо управління ними, завчасно обрати порядок уточнення свого рішення і гнучкого реагування на зміни в обстановці. Ці переваги можуть і повинні бути використані під час оптимізації роботи органів управління військових частин і підрозділів Сухопутних військ Збройних Сил України.

ACCOUNTING OF IRREVOCABLE LOSSES AND ORGANIZATION OF FUNERAL OF KILLED SOLDIERS IN 1941-1945

The relevance of the article is that every day the war claimed the lives of thousands of soldiers and commanders of the Red Army and Navy. Accounting for irreparable losses was of fundamental importance not only for the military authorities, but also for the servicemen themselves and members of their families. It made it possible to reliably establish and officially record such legally significant facts as death on the battlefield, death from wounds or illness in a medical institution, missing persons, as well as captivity and criminal record. Each of these legal facts had its consequences, significantly affecting the legal status of the serviceman and his family. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the Accounting of Irreversible Losses and the organization of the burial of fallen servicemen in 1941-1945. The article also analyzes the main directions and approaches of various scientists to study this issue. It was found that the missing were registered at the regimental headquarters for 15 days as temporarily retired. During this time, unit and unit commanders were required to take steps to determine the fate of the troops. After the expiration of the specified term the missing were entered in the list of irretrievable losses, were excluded from the lists of parts with the message on command. After 45 days, relatives were notified of the missing. If the fate of these servicemen was later clarified, additional information about them was immediately reported to the team, as well as to the district military enlistment offices or relatives. It was emphasized that the following order of burial of fallen servicemen was established in the active army. To collect the bodies of those killed on the battlefield, a special team was appointed by order of the regimental commander, whose duties included searching for the bodies of the dead, registering them with medallion inserts, collecting and delivering them to the divisional burial site. The teams took up their duties immediately after the enemy ceased fire. In order to perpetuate the memory of the fallen heroes of the Great Patriotic War, their names were forever inscribed in the lists of personnel of units and subdivisions, assigned to cities and towns, streets and squares, educational institutions and ships. Memorial plaques were erected on the buildings that preserve their memory, and their bronze busts of Heroes of the Soviet Union were erected twice in the homeland. Monuments and obelisks were erected in mass graves and military cemeteries in memory of the defenders of the Fatherland.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БІБЛІОТЕРАПІЇ ЯК ФОРМИ АРТ-ТЕРАПІЇ У РОБОТІ З ПРИКОРДОННИКАМИ – УЧАСНИКАМИ ОПЕРАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ СИЛ

У статті проаналізовано погляди вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців щодо визначення терміну “бібліотерапія”, форм та методів застосування цього напряму арт-терапії у роботі з клієнтами. Здійснено огляд наукових праць щодо результативних форм та методів застосування бібліотерапії у психопрофілактичній та психокорекцій роботі з особами, які зазнали психічних травм. Висвітлено окремі проблемні питання, щодо організації психопрофілактичної та психокорекційної роботи з прикордонниками – учасниками операції Об’єднаних сил. Встановлено, що проблемним питанням у діяльності прикордонних підрозділів, що залучені до проведення операції Об’єднаних сил є відсутність достатньої кількості військових психологів, які б могли забезпечити якісний психологічний супровід службової діяльності прикордонників, які залучені до участі в операції Об’єднаних сил. Враховуючи наявність у населених пунктах, де розташовані прикордонні підрозділи, розгалуженої мережі закладів публічних бібліотек та необхідність охопити психопрофілактичною та психокорекційною роботою значну кількість прикордонників – учасників операції Об’єднаних сил, окреслено перспективні напрямки подальшого удосконалення психологічної роботи з прикордонниками щодо психокорекції та психопрофілактики бойових психічних травм, із використанням бібліотерапіюї (як спільної діяльності військового психолога та бібліотечного працівника). Це дасть змогу командирам підрозділів та військовим психологам вирішити проблему надання психологічної допомоги прикордонникам – учасникам операції Об’єднаних сил та сприятиме виконанню затвердженої розпорядженням Кабінету Міністрів України від 12.07.2017 р. № 475-р Концепції Державної цільової програми з фізичної, медичної, психологічної реабілітації і соціальної та професійної реадаптації учасників антитерористичної операції та осіб, які брали участь у здійсненні заходів із забезпечення національної безпеки і оборони, відсічі і стримування збройної агресії Російської Федерації в Донецькій та Луганській областях, забезпеченні їх здійснення на період до 2022 року.

АНАЛІЗ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТА ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ОСОБОВОГО СКЛАДУ ВІЙСЬК (СИЛ): СТРУКТУРА ЧИННИКІВ

The results of over the last decades military conflicts analysis indicate a strong tendency of information-psychological operations increasing and transition to “hybrid” actions that spread insecurity, fear among personnel. At the same time, insufficient attention was paid by the commanders of the military units and groups to control and predict the psychological readiness of the personnel of the troops. It could be due to the incorrectness of the relevant indicators and evaluation criteria. According to different scientific approaches, determined the psychological readiness of personnel in combat conditions factors have a different structure.To analyze the approaches to structuring of factors of psychological readiness of troops (forces) personnel assessment and forecasting The analysis of scientific and methodological approaches to the assessment of the psychological readiness of the troops (forces) personnel in the structures of the Ukrainian security and defense sector, in the armed forces of the USA, Canada and Germany are carried out. Sets the approaches to the estimation of psychological readiness level of the personnel in combat conditions. The use of them optimizes the procedures of making commanding decisions.Separate directions of structuring the factors that determine the psychological readiness of the personnel in combat conditions are defined: psychophysiological, professional, social, procedural. Compared advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to determine the static characteristics of the evaluation system and prediction of the psychological readiness of personnel in combat conditions.Emphasized significant practical (procedural) orientation for factors structure informational modeling that determine the psychological readiness of personnel of troops (forces) in combat conditions, which is presented in W.Nash proceedings which sufficiently reveals the process of influence of combat stress factors, in particular: for the hierarchy builds major groups stress factors, determines a number of interrelated goals for successful accomplishment of combat task and preservation of moral and combat qualities of personnel; identifies elements of the organizational structure by family, collective and social levels that realize the set goals; exclusion of elements which have no purpose of functioning; identifying the tasks that are required for the effective implementation of all its phases (stages); comparison of selected functions with elements (performers, heads, bodies, technical devices) of the analyzed system and evaluation of completeness of their implementation; identify duplicate, poorly performing, redundant features and develop appropriate recommendations.It is established expediency to refer to external factors that determine the troops (forces) servicemen psychological readiness in combat conditions, duration and intensity of warfare, to internal factors such as: the level of completeness of the governing bodies of officials prepared for organization and implementation; the level of formation of information and psychological assets in the units; the level of logistical support for organizing and conducting psychological support activities; level of methodological support for the organization of information confrontation activities.

АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ КУРСАНТІВ ДО МАЙБУТНЬОЇ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Introduction. Training of cadets for psychological and pedagogical activity is a multifaceted process that includes all forms of work of scientific and pedagogical workers, commanders of units of senior service schools and the cadets themselves. The main activities of the cadets are: a) theoretical and practical training during training sessions; b) participation in an organized system outside of educational activities; c) utilization tour in military forces. All these elements of the educational process in the senior service schools are intended to ensure the full competence of the cadets for the future psychological and pedagogical activity in the troops.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze theoretically the scientific sources of the problem under study, to determine ways to achieve the effectiveness of training of cadets for the future profession of the officer as an instructor in the process of training of future military specialists in senior service schools of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.Methods. Empirical methods of observation, questioning and questioning were used to solve the problems of education Originality The results of the analysis of the basic psychological and pedagogical conditions of activating the training of cadets as tutors in the course of teaching psychological and pedagogical disciplines and the ways of improving the professional orientation to their study in the process of training future military specialists in higher military educational establishments of Ukraine are first determined in the article. realization of psychological and pedagogical conditions of organization of their teaching.Conclusion. Thus, senior service school has rich opportunities for qualitative training of cadets in the process of training sessions as instructors. Additional reserves for improving the training of cadets for psychological and pedagogical activities include the following raising the educational orientation of the educational process; approximation of the study of theoretical issues to the practice of psychological and pedagogical activity of graduates in the military forces; coordinating the efforts of the entire military and pedagogical team of the senior service school for the training of cadets as skillful commanders-instructors; improvement, together with high-quality professional selection of cadets to the Academy, activities of teachers, commanders and officers of the structures of moral and psychological support of senior service school regarding the formation of love for the profession of officer in cadets, stable motives of psychological and pedagogical activity, interest in moral and psychological work with warriors etc.

Design and HIL-based verification of the fuel control unit for a gas turbine engine

The correct operation of a gas turbine engine depends on the accurate and stable performance of fuel control system and its components such as fuel control unit. Fuel control unit is an electro-hydraulic actuator of fuel control system whose function is to supply, regulate and send the fuel to the engine according to the electronic control unit command. In this paper, a new fuel control unit has been developed based on the load sensing concept for a turboshaft gas turbine engine. In the designed fuel control unit, the fuel flow rate is controlled by adjusting the fuel pressure. A NARX model and ANFIS controller is employed to design the pressure controller. A hardware in the loop framework, comprising of hydraulic circuit, sensors, data acquisition card and computers, is developed to evaluate the performance of the fuel control unit alongside the real-time simulation of other component such as engine and electronic control unit. Moreover, the consumed power by the fuel control unit is evaluated and a considerable improvement is indicated compared to typical fuel control units.

РОЗРОБКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРОЦЕСІВ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВНУТРІШНІМ АУДИТОМ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

This article presents an analysis of information support systems for internal audit management of the National Guard of Ukraine units. ERP – MRP – MRP II standards are proposed as a conceptual basis for informational support of internal audit of the National Guard of Ukraine units. The general features of ERP systems as an add-on to the MRP II methodology are considered. A set of properties that distinguishes ERP class systems is considered. To optimize information support for the internal audit process of the National Guard of Ukraine formations in WinPeak CRM. The main known facts that confirm the benefits of CRM are analyzed. It is stated in the work that within the framework of this concept the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine, using available tools, technologies and approaches, improve relations with suppliers and stakeholders. The article states that WinPeak CRM systems should be used to optimize information support for the internal audit of the National Guard of Ukraine formations. WinPeak CRM enhances the effectiveness of communication with military unit stakeholders. The main opportunities offered by Terrasoft CRM system for informational support of the process of internal audit of the National Guard of Ukraine formations are analyzed. The paper specifies that Monitor CRM users should be representatives of the command of military units that make decisions on commercial interaction with suppliers. The article states that the optimization of the information system for managing the internal audit of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine can occur through the introduction of complex automated control systems. Thus, the analysis of modern information systems for internal audit support showed that the organization of the logistics system is carried out on the basis of a new client-oriented approach CRM. Programs developed on the basis of such a strategy are in high demand, although there are some points that slow down and complicate the implementation process: first, the development of the system must take into account the specifics of the industry and production; secondly, the manufacturers of such systems create a "box version", which complicates the implementation process; thirdly, the activity of one enterprise may differ significantly from that of another enterprise in this field. The method of internal audit of the National Guard units ofUkrainemay be the direction of further development of this research.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ В ФОРМУВАННЯХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

In logistical processes, all efforts of the command of military units should be directed to the creation of a single, trouble-free business system for managing commercial transactions. As a result, management of logistical flows in the National Guard units ofUkrainebecomes more important. In this article the method of management of logistic flows in the formations of the National Guard of Ukraine is presented. On the basis of the analysis of logistical processes using the system-logical method, the characteristics of interaction with suppliers, which are represented in the algorithm in the form of objects, were distinguished. Due to the specifics of the military economy, the algorithm was significantly modified by introducing explanatory features for military unit characteristics and subsequent truncation of features by grouping objects. To select the quality of military units in logistics systems, a statistical evaluation of features obtained by pairwise crossings of objects was performed. In order to increase the efficiency of the algorithm, truncation of multiple objects should be done. To do this, we form truncated lists of objects of the original set by grouping the objects on the same grounds for them. In order to substantiate the resulting groups and, therefore, the qualities of the business system, the similarity of objects with each other within each group is assessed. The hypothesis about the possibility of combining the corresponding objects in the aggregated qualities of military units in logistics systems is confirmed. The stats indicate that in order to increase the efficiency of the value-adding process, the selected qualities need to be embodied in the decisions of the company at different levels. The mechanisms of implementation of qualities in the decisions of the command of the military unit are analyzed. The direction of further development of this study may be the method of optimization of logistics flows in the system of logistics of military units. Thus, the conducted research made it possible to perform the structuring of object-characteristics and their features in terms of logistic activity of the military unit, to make selection of qualities of military units in logistics systems, to analyze the specifics of implementation of qualities in the decisions of the command of the military unit.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСАМИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ З ПОСТАЧАЛЬНИКАМИ В СИСТЕМІ МАТЕРІАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

This article describes the methodology of managing the processes of interaction with suppliers in the system of logistical support of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine. Two modules of the system of logistics management of military units are proposed. The article assumes that the strategic module should support the decision to choose strategic partners for long-term relationships. The tactical module in the context of this article should support the decision to choose tactical partners for short-term relationships. The basic measures of strategic level of decision-making in relation to interaction with suppliers are considered. The scheme of levels of decision-making system for management of processes of interaction with suppliers in the system of logistical support of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine is proposed. Particular attention is paid to support decision-making on the feasibility of establishing long-term relationships with suppliers of each type of purchased resource. A list of criteria for assessing the need to partner with specific groups of suppliers has been developed. The article states that decision support for choosing a strategic partner among suppliers is done by evaluating the user (or expert) against the relevant criteria. In the work the general scheme of criteria of evaluation of suppliers is created. The scheme of calculation of the integral estimation of a choice of suppliers is offered. The article formalizes the task of managing the system of logistical support of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine with the choice of the supplier of resources. The proposed methodology for managing the processes of interaction with suppliers in the system of logistics of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine is a methodological and theoretical basis for the creation of an appropriate information support system for decision-making regarding the optimization of logistics processes. The practical significance of the developed methodology is to provide specific recommendations to the command of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine on managing the processes of interaction with suppliers in the logistics system.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PERSONNEL TRACKING AND COMBAT VEHICLE BASED ON MICROCONTROLLERS

- Training is a necessity to achieve a level of professionalism in carrying out the main tasks of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) to safeguard the Sovereign State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). With the development of technology, the flow of information that is well ordered, fast and interconnected is very important in a command control function that is packaged into a battle management. This study aims to create a system that can provide information support to the Unit Commander in giving command instructions to his troops. The information includes coordinates, altitude, balance, speed and compass, and is integrated with LCO (Lambert Conical Orthomophic) Map which can be integrated into Google Satellites so that tracking and monitoring of troops will be easier. Based on the results of tests that have been carried out it can be analyzed that the value of the error presentation of the actual measurements with measurements on the program is not too large. The comparison obtained is less than 2% so that by using the system it is expected that each unit can operate optimally and efficiently.

“ЧОРНА ПІХОТА” ЯК ІСТОРИЧНЕ ЯВИЩЕ В РОКИ НІМЕЦЬКО-РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ (1941–1945 рр.)

“Black jackets” or “Black Infantry” – such an unofficial name was given to men and young men mobilized by the field military commissariats, and in fact commanders of combat units in 1943–1944 after the liberation of the Red Army occupied the enemy territories. They were often thrown into battle often at once, without military training in spare parts, sometimes unarmed, not dressed in military form (hence the name). The topic of “black infantry” has received considerable public outcry, but as a scientific issue it remains under-researched. The article deals with the nature, content, scope and features of the phenomenon.

Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės gyventojų refleksijos apie politines permainas 1794 m. pabaigoje – 1795 m. privačios korespondencijos duomenimis

REFLECTIONS OF INHABITANTS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA ON POLITICAL CHANGES AT THE END OF 1794 TO 1795 ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE The article is dedicated to the research of the private correspondence of inhabitants of local voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period between the end of 1794 and the first three quarters of 1795. The aim of the article is to see the reactions of state or powiat officers, regular nobles, bishops, lower ranking clerics and friars, university professors and military officers towards changes the that were eliminating the statehood and to reveal general tendencies of the letters. The letters that mention political changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the year 1794 to the first three quarters of 1795 are not many – 24 pieces. Most of the letters were written from rural areas, provincial towns and boroughs, 5 letters are from Vilnius and 3 from Grodno. Sometimes the letters mention the Supreme Board of the Land, the Russian imperial institution, which then had taken over the governance. In very seldom cases the fact of swearing oath to the Empire is mentioned. The topic of loyalty to the new government is also rare, mostly when talking about communication with the newly formed administration or officers of the foreign army. The letter that stands out is the one by Feliks Warzyński, the flagbearer of Samogitia and elder of Tirkšliai, the text of which is addressing the breaking of the law during a dietine. The most common topic of private correspondence is the factor of the Russian Imperial army. The authors that wrote on these topics mention taxes, supplying of food and feed, lootings, and the options of protecting their possessions. The letters mention pursuit of favour from the top military leadership and commanders of units. This was a pragmatic, situation based pursuit. The reverberations of the 1794 uprising of T. Kościuszko are not ample in the private correspondence. Residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania complained and pleaded, for themselves or their relatives, regarding their status of prisoners, also property and food taken by the military in the course of the uprising. The style of most letters is sufficiently calm and business-like, although sometimes bursting with sadness, hopelessness and uncertainty. Sometimes they tell of the very situation of this deep crisis, mentioning the devastation of the land, hunger and difficulty in communicating. Keywords: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Russian Empire, private correspondence, the 1794 uprising of Tadeusz Kościuszko, the Third Partition of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, loyalty, military.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ УЗАГАЛЬНЕНОГО ПОКАЗНИКА ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ОКРЕМОЇ БРИГАДИ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ОБОРОНИ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

Based on the results of the analysis of command and staff training of the territorial defence units and scientific research conducted to determine approaches to the estimation of the effectiveness of military units training, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of territorial defence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been suggested. The achievement of the designated combat capabilities has been defined as an overall indicator for the effectiveness estimation. This indicator depends on the readiness to perform tasks of such components as personnel management, organizational core and units of the territorial defence brigade. Being a measuring tool the indicator should reflect the level of the item’s specific property display. The definition of the well-grounded indicators required to estimate the separate territorial defence brigade training effectiveness is of great theoretical and practical importance. Justification of the criterion and a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade is a challenging task. In practical terms, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade is a result of activities of the relevant social and technical systems (territorial defence structures and agencies) established to perform missions. Estimation of the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade requires application of complex indicators which can generalise a certain amount of information and at the same time maintain the objectivity of estimation. In some cases, in particular, when dealing with new tasks, this may require synthesis (a combination of earlier identified concepts and goals), the formulation of new indicators and algorithms for their calculation. Based on the results of the analysis of command and staff training of territorial defence units and scientific research conducted to determine approaches to the estimation of the effectiveness of military units training, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of territorial defence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been suggested. The achievement of the designated combat capabilities has been defined as an overall indicator for the effectiveness estimation. This indicator depends on the readiness to perform tasks of such components as personnel management, organizational core and units of the territorial defence brigade and can be used to develop a partial methodology for the estimation of effectiveness of training the territorial defence brigade organizational core.

АЛГОРИТМ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПСИХОПРОФІЛАКТИЧНОЇ РОБОТИ З ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦЯМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ, ВКЛЮЧЕНИМИ ДО ГРУПИ ПОСИЛЕНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ УВАГИ ЗІ СЛУЖБОВИХ ПРИЧИН

The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm of conducting psychoprophylactic work (protocol) with military personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine, included in the groups of enhanced psychological attention, for reasons at different levels of psychological support. The definition of psychoprophylaxis is given. The main grounds for enrollment of military personnel in the group of enhanced psychological attention are given: service, service-disciplinary, family-domestic, social-psychological, psychological. It is determined that psychoprophylactic work of the service direction can be considered the most common. The subjects of psychoprophylactic work with military personnel enrolled in the group of enhanced psychological attention are a psychologist, a commander and a military staff. Psychoprophylactic measures with military personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine, included in the group of enhanced psychological attention for reasons are carried out at three levels: administrative (carried out by commanders of military units); psychological (specialists of the psychological support service); Peer-to-peer (colleagues). Activities organized and conducted by the commander and the psychologist are divided into three levels: measures aimed at the primary prevention of conditions and features in which military personnel are referred to the group of enhanced psychological attention; activities that are carried out directly during the stay of the military personnel in the groups of enhanced psychological attention and are aimed at harmonizing the condition or development of the serviceman's personality; measures aimed at consolidating the effect achieved during the stay of the military personnel in the group of enhanced psychological attention and prevention of re-entry of the military personnel into the group of enhanced psychological attention. Activities carried out by comrades-in-arms are held at a permanent level.