Unique Videos Research Articles

Understanding Performance of Edge Content Caching for Mobile Video Streaming

Today’s Internet has witnessed an increase in the popularity of mobile video streaming, which is expected to exceed 3/4 of the global mobile data traffic by 2019. To satisfy the considerable amount of mobile video requests, video service providers have been pushing their content delivery infrastructure to edge networks—from regional content delivery network (CDN) servers to peer CDN servers (e.g., smartrouters in users’ homes)—to cache content and serve users with storage and network resources nearby. Among the edge network content caching paradigms, Wi-Fi access point caching and cellular base station caching have become two mainstream solutions. Thus, understanding the effectiveness and performance of these solutions for large-scale mobile video delivery is important. However, the characteristics and request patterns of mobile video streaming are unclear in practical wireless network. In this paper, we use real-world data sets containing 50 million trace items of nearly 2 million users viewing more than 0.3 million unique videos using mobile devices in a metropolis in China over two weeks, not only to understand the request patterns and user behaviors in mobile video streaming, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of Wi-Fi and cellular-based edge content caching solutions. To understand the performance of edge content caching for mobile video streaming, we first present temporal and spatial video request patterns, and we analyze their impacts on caching performance using frequency-domain and entropy analysis approaches. We then study the behaviors of mobile video users, including their mobility and geographical migration behaviors, which determine the request patterns. Using trace-driven experiments, we compare strategies for edge content caching, including least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU), in terms of supporting mobile video requests. We reveal that content, location, and mobility factors all affect edge content caching performance. Moreover, we design an efficient caching strategy based on the measurement insights and experimentally evaluate its performance. The results show that our design significantly improves the cache hit rate by up to 30% compared with LRU/LFU.

Depiction of health effects of electronic cigarettes on YouTube

Background: This study was conducted to assess the quantity, quality, and reach of e-cigarette health effects YouTube videos and to quantify the description of positive and negative e-cigarette health effects and promotional content in each video.Method: Searches for videos were conducted in 2015 using the YouTube search engine, and the top 20 search results by relevance and view count were identified. Videos were classified by educational/medical/news, advertising/marketing, and personal/testimonial categories. A coding sheet was used to assess the presence or absence of negative and positive health effects and promotional content.Results: Of the 320 videos retrieved, only 55 unique videos were included. The majority of videos (46.9%) were educational/medical/news, 29.7% were personal/testimonial, and 23.4% were advertising/marketing. The three most common negative health effects included discussing nicotine, e-cigarettes not being FDA regulated, and known and unknown health consequences related to e-cigarette use. The top positive health effects discussed were how e-cigarettes can help individuals quit smoking, e-cigarettes are healthier than smoking, and e-cigarettes have no smoke or secondhand smoke exposure.Conclusions: It is critical to monitor YouTube health effects content and develop appropriate messages to inform consumers about the risks associated with use while mitigating misleading information presented.

Portrayal of tobacco in Mongolian language YouTube videos: policy gaps

ObjectivesThis study examined how effectively current policy measures control depictions of tobacco in Mongolian language YouTube videos.MethodsA search of YouTube videos using the Mongolian term for ‘tobacco’, and employing ‘relevance’...

YouTube as an educational tool regarding male urethral catheterization

Objective. Urethral catheterization (UC) is a common procedure carried out on a daily basis. The aims of this study were to assess the quality of YouTube as an educational tool regarding male UC and to assess the experience of newly qualified doctors regarding UC. Materials and methods. YouTube was searched for videos containing relevant information about male UC. A checklist for evaluating content for male UC was devised. The top-ranked video was shown to interns and they were questioned regarding their experience of UC and the usefulness of the video. Results. A total of 100 videos was screened and 49 unique videos were identified. The median length of video was 7 min 15 s (range 1 min 44 s to 26 min 44 s). Regarding the Safe Catheter Insertion Score, the mean score was 5.18 ± 1.64. 9 (18.4%) deemed useful, 24 (49%) somewhat useful and 16 (32.7%) not useful. There was no difference in the number of views (p = 0.487), duration of video (p = 0.364) or number of days online (p = 0.123) between those categorized as useful, somewhat useful and not useful. Twenty-six interns (89.7%) attended the UC teaching session. All reported the video to be a useful educational adjunct. Nine of the respondents (42.9%) had independently inserted a urinary catheter before the educational session. Conclusions. The quality of videos on YouTube regarding male UC is widely variable. Preselected videos are deemed useful by junior doctors regarding male UC and can be used as an educational adjunct before performing hands-on tasks.

MOOC integration into secondary school courses

We investigated how high school students taking a university preparatory economics course would engage with the learning and assessment components of a Behavioural Economics MOOC that was integrated into their school-based course. Students were divided into two groups, MOOC-only, with no teacher support, and blended-mode, with weekly tutorials. MOOC only students scored slightly lower on a teacher designed knowledge test but scored slightly higher in a MOOC test. Although the MOOC-only students watched more unique videos, the blended-mode students stayed more on-track with the MOOC. The blended-mode students showed more persistence in retaking quizzes, yet they scored lower than the MOOC-only students.

Portrayal of electronic cigarettes on YouTube.

BackgroundAs the most popular video sharing website in the world, YouTube has the potential to reach and influence a huge audience. This study aims to gain a systematic understanding of what e-cigarette messages people are being exposed to on YouTube by assessing the quantity, portrayal and reach of e-cigarette videos.MethodsResearchers identified the top 20 search results on YouTube by relevance and view count for the following search terms: “electronic cigarettes”, “e-cigarettes”, “ecigarettes”, “ecigs”, “smoking electronic cigarettes”, “smoking e-cigarettes”, “smoking ecigarettes”, “smoking ecigs”. A sample of 196 unique videos was coded for overall portrayal and genre. Main topics covered in e-cigarette videos were recorded and video statistics and viewer demographic information were documented.ResultsAmong the 196 unique videos, 94% (n = 185) were “pro” to e-cigarettes and 4% (n = 8) were neutral, while there were only 2% (n = 3) that were “anti” to e-cigarettes. The top 3 most prevalent genres of videos were advertisement, user sharing and product review. 84.3% of “pro” videos contained Web links for e-cigarette purchase. 71.4% of “pro” videos claimed that e-cigarettes were healthier than conventional cigarettes. Audience was primarily from the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada and “pro” e-cigarette videos were watched more frequently and rated much more favorably than “anti” ones.ConclusionsThe vast majority of information on YouTube about e-cigarettes promoted their use and depicted the use of e-cigarettes as socially acceptable. It is critical to develop appropriate health campaigns to inform e-cigarette consumers of potential harms associated with e-cigarette use.

Search strategy effectiveness and relevance of YouTube videos

AbstractPrecision and recall are two widely accepted measures to Information Retrieval (IR) system performance. Different search strategies can yield different precisions and recalls for the same IR system, search engine or website. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. YouTube® is a popular social media website which hosts the largest number of user‐generated videos on the web. The YouTube® search engine only provides text words search function and search results are retrieved through the system matching these search terms to video descriptions, tags, comments, etc. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. This paper aims to test if a search strategy using multiple search terms is effective by analyzing the relevance of the retrieved YouTube® videos on Smokeless Tobacco Products (STP) and YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics.17 search terms were used to retrieve YouTube® videos on STP which were recorded in a master file. All duplicate videos from the retrieved results were excluded. Unique videos were then selected based on pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the research team. A sample of 440 unique videos was randomly selected for data analysis. SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis, precisions and recalls, logistic regression, and odds ratio test results are reported. The study found that only a few search terms out of the total 17 terms are more effective in terms of relevance of the retrieved videos. Also, YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics did not have significant association with the relevance of the retrieved videos. Recommendations for potential solutions on designing more effective search strategies are provided.

Portrayal of smokeless tobacco in YouTube videos.

Videos of smokeless tobacco (ST) on YouTube are abundant and easily accessible, yet no studies have examined the content of ST videos. This study assesses the overall portrayal, genre, and messages of ST YouTube videos. In August 2010, researchers identified the top 20 search results on YouTube by "relevance" and "view count" for the following search terms: "ST," "chewing tobacco," "snus," and "Skoal." After eliminating videos that were not about ST (n = 26), non-English (n = 14), or duplicate (n = 42), a final sample of 78 unique videos was coded for overall portrayal, genre, and various content measures. Among the 78 unique videos, 15.4% were anti-ST, while 74.4% were pro-ST. Researchers were unable to determine the portrayal of ST in the remaining 10.3% of videos because they involved excessive or "sensationalized" use of the ST, which could be interpreted either positively or negatively, depending on the viewer. The most common ST genre was positive video diaries (or "vlogs"), which made up almost one third of the videos (29.5%), followed by promotional advertisements (20.5%) and anti-ST public service announcements (12.8%). While YouTube is intended for user-generated content, 23.1% of the videos were created by professional organizations. These results demonstrate that ST videos on YouTube are overwhelmingly pro-ST. More research is needed to determine who is viewing these ST YouTube videos and how they may affect people's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding ST use.

YouTube as a source of quitting smoking information

ObjectiveTo conduct analyses to determine the extent to which YouTube videos posted specific to smoking cessation were actually about quitting smoking and if so, whether or not they portrayed evidence-based...

Interaksi Simbolik dalam Proses Komunikasi Nonverbal pada Aplikasi Tiktok

<p>The emergence of communication technology, such as Smartphones has changed the pattern of individual communication in society. They can communicate without having to face to face directly with each other. Smartphones pamper their users with features and applications that are constantly updated due to human needs and requests. One application that is now widely enjoyed by the public is the TikTok application. Designed for the new generation of content creators, TikTok allows users to create short, unique videos that are fast and easy to use various special effects to share with friends and the world. Whether in the form of dance, comedy, free-style or other performance acts. Through the TikTok application can also make people become famous, some of them are @bowoo_alpenliebe, @Nurraini, @Nadia Zerlinda. In symbolic interaction through Lipsync as a means of communication in Tiktok Bowo interpreted his resentment towards the ex, because with his prank, he teased Iqball, then Zerlinda expressed his feelings towards someone he loved. While symbolic interaction through body language and tiktoker gestures, among others, is shown through gesture seen from nonverbal activities in three ways, namely: 1) the original source of actions such as facial expressions; 2) marking or coding such as body movements and their meaning 3) the use of communicative actions to convey meaning and interactive actions to influence the behavior of participants or other parties.</p>

Films/Videos: Through Their Eyes

Abstract The perspectives of children and youth facing today's challenges are shared memorably in these unique videos. As a group, they are the best produced, most effective and least expensive videos yet to be reviewed by this columnist. Several mix humor with their instruction; all promote hope for a better world.