Unique Spectrum Research Articles

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Mn reference compounds for Mn speciation in terrestrial surface environments

Abstract X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) offers great potential to identify and quantify Mn species in surface environments by means of linear combination fit (LCF), fingerprint, and shell-fit analyses of bulk Mn XAS spectra. However, these approaches are complicated by the lack of a comprehensive and accessible spectrum library. Additionally, molecular-level information on Mn coordination in some potentially important Mn species occurring in soils and sediments is missing. Therefore, we investigated a suite of 32 natural and synthetic Mn reference compounds, including Mn oxide, oxyhydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, and silicate minerals, as well as organic and adsorbed Mn species, by Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The ability of XAS to infer the average oxidation state (AOS) of Mn was assessed by comparing XANES-derived AOS with the AOS obtained from redox titrations. All reference compounds were studied for their local (<5 Å) Mn coordination environment using EXAFS shell-fit analysis. Statistical analyses were employed to clarify how well and to what extent individual Mn species (groups) can be distinguished by XAS based on spectral uniqueness. Our results show that LCF analysis of normalized XANES spectra can reliably quantify the Mn AOS within ~0.1 v.u. in the range +2 to +4. These spectra are diagnostic for most Mn species investigated, but unsuitable to identify and quantify members of the manganate and Mn(III)-oxyhydroxide groups. First-derivative XANES fingerprinting allows the unique identification of pyrolusite, ramsdellite, and potentially lithiophorite within the manganate group. However, XANES spectra of individual Mn compounds can vary significantly depending on chemical composition and/or crystallinity, which limits the accuracy of XANES-based speciation analyses. In contrast, EXAFS spectra provide a much better discriminatory power to identify and quantify Mn species. Principal component and cluster analyses of k2-weighted EXAFS spectra of Mn reference compounds implied that EXAFS LCF analysis of environmental samples can identify and quantify at least the following primary Mn species groups: (1) Phyllo- and tectomanganates with large tunnel sizes (2 × 2 and larger; hollandite sensu stricto, romanèchite, todorokite); (2) tectomanganates with small tunnel sizes (2 × 2 and smaller; cryptomelane, pyrolusite, ramsdellite); (3) Mn(III)-dominated species (nesosilicates, oxyhydroxides, organic compounds, spinels); (4) Mn(II) species (carbonate, phosphate, and phyllosilicate minerals, adsorbed and organic species); and (5) manganosite. All Mn compounds, except for members of the manganate group (excluding pyrolusite) and adsorbed Mn(II) species, exhibit unique EXAFS spectra that would allow their identification and quantification in mixtures. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of Mn K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy to assess bulk Mn speciation in soils and sediments. A complete XAS-based speciation analysis of bulk Mn in environmental samples should preferably include the determination of Mn valences following the “Combo” method of Manceau et al. (2012), EXAFS LCF analyses based on principal component and target transformation results, as well as EXAFS shell-fit analyses for the validation of LCF results. For this purpose, all 32 XAS reference spectra are provided in the Online Materials1 for further use by the scientific community.

Evolution of Kinetic and Magnetic Energy in a Large Magnetic Prandtl Number System

Many regions of the universe are in a state of hot, magnetized, and ionized X-ray emitting plasmas. We numerically simulated the energy spectrum of this highly viscous and conductive system. Without magnetic field, the fluctuating plasma motion decays in a relatively large viscous scale l ν (∼1/k ν ). However, the magnetic field extends the viscous scale to the magnetic diffusivity one l η (∼1/k η ) yielding a unique energy spectrum. Numerical simulation shows that kinetic and magnetic energy spectrum are E V ∼ k −3.7 and E M ∼ k −0.85 in the extended viscous scale regime. To explain this extraordinary power law, we set up two simultaneous differential equations for E V and E M and solved them using Eddy Damped Quasi Normal Markovianized approximation. Focusing on the most dominant terms, we analytically derived the spectrum relation consistent with the simulation data. We also simulated the same system with helical energy. The inversely cascaded magnetic energy makes the spectrum steeper. This inverse energy transfer, in addition to the external magnetic field and instabilities, provides us a clue to the diversified spectra characterized by E V ∼ k −3.8 − k −3.07 and E M ∼ k −2.17 − k −0.27 with large magnetic Prandtl number.

Lung cancer patients with germline mutations have a unique fusion molecular spectrum.

e21009 Background: In contrast to numerous studies of somatic mutations, the researches of lung cancer germline mutations remain smaller. Some certain germline mutations are assumed to increase susceptibility to lung cancer. However, the details of such mechanism remain to be established. In this study, DNA profiles were performed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: A retrospective study of 3,421 lung cancer patients with available NGS data was performed to identify germline mutations. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, germline mutations were categorized as being pathogenic (P), likely pathogenic (LP) and other significance (Non_P). Thus, the patients were divided into two groups: patients with P or LP mutation(P&LP), and patients with Non_P mutation. Results: Of 3421 patients with lung cancer, 174 (5.09%) patients were identified to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations, with a median age of 62.5 years old. BRCA2, ATM, MUTYH, BRCA1 and ERCC2 were the top five genes with germline alterations, and their mutation rates were 11.5, 6.90, 6.32, 5.17 and 4.60%, respectively. Homozygous mutations were identified in only two patients, one was TP53( p.Ser215Ile), and the other was TSC2(splice site alteration). No statistically significant difference in age and sex between P&LP and Non_P group. Somatic mutation data was also involved in our study. The frequency of gene fusion events was same between these two groups. Interestingly, fusion molecular spectrum of P&LP group was different. Among all the 25 fusion events of P&LP group, 20 were unique and 19 fusion events couldn't be retrieved in the PubMed database. In total, 44 genes involved in fusion events and 5 genes were located on chromosome 17. Frequency of FAT1 single nucleotide variant (SNV) mutation was significantly higher in P&LP group (9.77% vs 5.57%, p = 0.03). Most copy number variations (CNV) were amplification, and frequency of EGFR copy number amplification was higher in P&LP group (19.5% vs 12.6%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: These data implied that genomic profile of lung patients who carried germline gene mutations could be different. Associations between germline mutation and lung cancer susceptibility, treatment will be studied further.

Characterization of two 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene 1,2-dioxygenases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic compound in nature, and it plays an important role in the carbon cycle. White-rot fungi are microbes that are capable of efficiently degrading lignin. Enzymes from these fungi possess exceptional oxidative potential and have gained increasing importance for improving bioprocesses, such as the degradation of organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to identify the enzymes involved in the ring cleavage of the lignin-derived aromatic 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (THB) in Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a lignin-degrading basidiomycete. Two intradiol dioxygenases (IDDs), PcIDD1 and PcIDD2, were identified and produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. In the presence of O2, PcIDD1 and PcIDD2 acted on eight and two THB derivatives, respectively, as substrates. PcIDD1 and PcIDD2 catalyze the ring cleavage of lignin-derived fragments, such as 6-methoxy-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (6-MeOTHB) and 3-methoxy-1,2-catechol. The current study also revealed that syringic acid (SA) was converted to 5-hydroxyvanillic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone, and 6-MeOTHB by fungal cells, suggesting that PcIDD1 and PcIDD2 may be involved in aromatic ring fission of 6-MeOTHB for SA degradation. This is the first study to show 6-MeOTHB dioxygenase activity of an IDD superfamily member. These findings highlight the unique and broad substrate spectra of PcIDDs, rendering it an attractive candidate for biotechnological application. KEY POINTS: • Novel intradiol dioxygenases (IDD) in lignin degradation were characterized. • PcIDDs acted on lignin-derived fragments and catechol derivatives. • Dioxygenase activity on 6-MeOTHB was identified in IDD superfamily enzymes.

Potential for identification of wild night-flying moths by remote infrared microscopy.

There are hundreds of thousands of moth species with crucial ecological roles that are often obscured by their nocturnal lifestyles. The pigmentation and appearance of moths are dominated by cryptic diffuse shades of brown. In this study, 82 specimens representing 26 moth species were analysed using infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging in the range of 0.95–2.5 µm. Contrary to previous studies, we demonstrate that since infrared light does not resolve the surface roughness, wings appear glossy and specular at longer wavelengths. Such properties provide unique reflectance spectra between species. The reflectance of the majority of our species could be explained by comprehensive models, and a complete parametrization of the spectral, polarimetric and angular optical properties was reduced to just 11 parameters with physical units. These parameters are complementary and, compared with the within-species variation, were significantly distinct between species. Counterintuitively to the aperture-limited resolution criterion, we could deduce microscopic features along the surface from their infrared properties. These features were confirmed by electron microscopy. Finally, we show how our findings could greatly enhance opportunities for remote identification of free-flying moth species, and we hypothesize that such flat specular wing targets could be expected to be sensed over considerable distances.

Financial impact of immunotherapy-related adverse events among inpatient admissions with solid malignancies.

e18825 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) have shifted the landscape of cancer treatment from conventional cytotoxic regimens. The mechanism of action involves suppression of immunologic checkpoints that often results on a unique spectrum of side effects associated with immune-mediated inflammations. The Aim of this study is to evaluate the financial impact from immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) reflected in hospitalized patients undergoing anti-neoplastic immunotherapy using the data from a nation-wide database. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis with the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using ICD10-CM and PCS codes to identify patients with solid tumors hospitalized for immunotherapy between October 2015 and 2018. Inpatient data from patients with or without having developed IrAEs during the hospitalizations were compared in this study. IRAEs included systemic symptoms, diarrhea/colitis, hepatic and endocrine adverse events. Baseline characteristics and inpatient complication variables were collected and analyzed between these two groups. Results: From 5,795 admissions of ICPi-treated cancer patients, 1,160 patients or 20 % of these hospitalizations presented with IrAEs, females represented (37.5%) with an age of 57 years though not statistically different from admissions without IrAE. On the other hand, length of stay was statistically longer (7 vs 5 days, p < 0.05) with higher admission expenses ($184,255 vs $ 133,305, p < 0.05) from IRAE-associated admissions. Higher IrAEs were observed among patients who were ICPi-treated for genitourinary (GU) cancers (22% vs 15%, p < 0.05). IRAE as an independent risk factor was associated with higher costs even when adjusted for other risk factors, significantly contributed to a higher admission expenses by a coefficient at $46,624 (SE +/- $13,943). Conclusions: Although ICPi-therapies have offered various clinical benefits among cancer patients. They have also contributed to both direct and indirect costs of cancer management. Our analysis showed a higher IrAE incidence associated with ICPi-treated GU cancer patients, patients who developed IRAEs had a longer hospital stay and higher in-hospital mortality, resulting in higher care expenses as one of the indirect financial burdens of ICPi therapies, no differences were observed between gender, race, or income.[Table: see text]

Intermetallic cobalt–gallium targets for production of germanium radioisotopes

Increasing interest in targeted radionuclide therapy motivates the development of new radionuclides. The unique emission spectrum from 71Ge make it an ideal candidate for probing microdosimetric effects of low energy electrons absent confounding photon dose. This work reports a novel intermetallic target of Co and Ga for accelerator production of no-carrier-added 69/71Ge and a new method to isolate the Ge in high yields and purities.

Mutational landscape of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in Chinese patients

BackgroundChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare and heterogeneous hematological malignancy. It has been shown that the molecular abnormalities such as ASXL1, TET2, SETBP1, and SRSF2 mutations are common in Caucasian population.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 178 Chinese CMML patients. The targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to evaluate 114 gene variations, and the prognostic factors for OS were determined by COX regression analysis.ResultsThe CMML patients showed a unique mutational spectrum, including TET2 (36.5%), NRAS (31.5%), ASXL1 (28.7%), SRSF2 (24.7%), and RUNX1 (21.9%). Of the 102 patients with clonal analysis, the ancestral events preferentially occurred in TET2 (18.5%), splicing factors (16.5%), RAS (14.0%), and ASXL1 (7.8%), and the subclonal genes were mainly ASXL1, TET2, and RAS. In addition, the secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) transformed from CMML often had mutations in DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, and NPM1, while the primary AML (pAML) demonstrated more mutations in CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1/2, NPM1, and WT1. It was of note that a series of clones were emerged during the progression from CMML to AML, including DNMT3A, FLT3, and NPM1. By univariate analysis, ASXL1 mutation, intermediate- and high-risk cytogenetic abnormality, CMML-specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS) stratifications (intermediate-2 and high group), and treatment options (best supportive care) predicted for worse OS. Multivariate analysis revealed a similar outcome.ConclusionsThe common mutations in Chinese CMML patients included epigenetic modifiers (TET2 and ASXL1), signaling transduction pathway components (NRAS), and splicing factor (SRSF2). The CMML patients with DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, and NPM1 mutations tended to progress to sAML. ASXL1 mutation and therapeutic modalities were independent prognostic factors for CMML.

Label-free complete absorption microscopy using second generation photoacoustic remote sensing

In the past decades, absorption modalities have emerged as powerful tools for label-free functional and structural imaging of cells and tissues. Many biomolecules present unique absorption spectra providing chromophore-specific information on properties such as chemical bonding, and sample composition. As chromophores absorb photons the absorbed energy is emitted as photons (radiative relaxation) or converted to heat and under specific conditions pressure (non-radiative relaxation). Modalities like fluorescence microscopy may capture radiative relaxation to provide contrast, while modalities like photoacoustic microscopy may leverage non-radiative heat and pressures. Here we show an all-optical non-contact total-absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS) microscope, which can capture both radiative and non-radiative absorption effects in a single acquisition. The TA-PARS yields an absorption metric proposed as the quantum efficiency ratio (QER), which visualizes a biomolecule’s proportional radiative and non-radiative absorption response. The TA-PARS provides label-free visualization of a range of biomolecules enabling convincing analogues to traditional histochemical staining of tissues, effectively providing label-free Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-like visualizations. These findings establish an effective all-optical non-contact total-absorption microscope for label-free inspection of biological materials.

Features of heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome

Heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome (abbreviated as hTP53rc), which was previously called «Li-Fraumeni syndrome», is a heterogeneous group of tumors. It is characterized by the occurrence of a hereditary mutation in the TP53 gene. In the last decade, the concept of hTP53rc has changed due to the accumulation of information about the disease. For example, the criteria for diagnosis and screening, as well as treatment approaches, have changed. The structure of the syndrome has been modified: it has now been established that different age groups are characterized by their own unique spectrum of localizations. New localizations are being discovered that were previously considered not typical for hTP53rc (for example, lung cancer in elderly patients aged 50 and over). It was discovered that patients with hTP53rc should avoid genotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy due to the high risk of developing secondary tumors and focus more on surgical methods of treatment. So recently developed screening protocols include serious measures for the prevention of malignant neoplasms, since early detection of hTP53rc plays a significant role in increasing life expectancy. The diagnosis of hTP53rc in clinical practice is hindered in some cases, since it is not always possible to suspect the carrier of a hereditary mutation. At the same time, the approaches of molecular diagnostics are becoming more accessible due to the rapid spread of next generation sequencing into laboratory practice. For this reason, the detection of mutations in the TP53 gene in the world has increased gradually. In Russia, hTP53rc diagnostics is limited to the description of individual cases. Technological progress is likely to quickly eliminate the limitations in diagnosis, and the number of detected cases will grow from year to year. Regarding to treatment and prognosis, there are a number of features that require consideration of each case separately.

Simulation of Emission Spectra of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers with the Multimode Brownian Oscillator Model.

The multimode Brownian oscillator model is employed to simulate the emission spectra of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. Good agreement is obtained between measured and simulated photoluminescence spectra of WSe2, WS2, MoSe2, and MoS2 at various temperatures. The Huang-Rhys factor extracted from the model can be associated with that from the modified semiempirical Varshni equation at high temperatures. Individual mechanisms leading to the unique temperature-dependent emission spectra of those TMDs are validated by the multimode Brownian oscillator (MBO) fitting, while it is, in turn, confirmed that the MBO analysis is an effective method for studying the optical properties of TMD monolayers. Parameters extracted from the MBO fitting can be used to explore exciton-photon-phonon dynamics of TMDs in a more comprehensive model.

P034 Checkpoint inhibitor-induced coexisting myositis and myasthenia gravis in a malignant mesothelioma patient: a case report

Abstract Background/Aims Nivolumab & ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and combination therapy has shown efficacy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Nivolumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody known as a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor. The combination therapy nivolumab & ipilimumab features a potentially synergistic mechanism of action that targets 2 different checkpoints (PD-1 and CTLA-4) respectively. Myositis, an immune-related adverse event, has been reported in the literature. Ipilimumab and nivolumab have also been associated with the development/exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods A 75-year-old woman with right sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma presented to the hospital with muscle cramps and a raised creatinine kinase, a few weeks after initiation of nivolumab & ipilimumab. In addition to myalgia and proximal limb weakness, her symptoms progressed to involve new right eye ptosis, double vision, and dysphagia. She was diagnosed with ICI-related myositis after an EMG was suggestive of myositis, but antibody screens for myositis and myasthenia gravis were negative. Treatment was started with intravenous methylprednisolone and subsequently was treated with IVIG and mycophenolate mofetil 1g twice daily alongside the tapering oral steroids for maintenance, leading to resolution of proximal muscle weakness caused by immunotherapy-induced myositis. Following the initial improvement of muscle weakness, reassessment revealed worsening bulbar symptoms including ptosis, dysphagia, and diplopia. She was therefore readmitted. As her creatinine kinase, muscle weakness and CRP had now normalized, the impression at this stage was of symptoms predominantly related to myasthenia gravis rather than of myositis flare-up. Pyridostigmine was commenced as a trial, which demonstrated improvement with regards to the ptosis. Results ICIs have led to the development of new approaches for cancer treatment with positive outcomes. However, checkpoint blockade is associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events, which may cause irreversible neurological deficits and even death. This is a rare reported case of a patient developing nivolumab & ipilimumab-induced myositis concomitant with new-onset MG after treatment for advanced mesothelioma. Additional studies are needed to explore the association between myositis, MG, and ICI therapy. This woman is having ongoing multidisciplinary management involving oncologists, rheumatologists, and neurologists. She continues to be treated with mycophenolate mofetil and pyridostigmine. Ipilimumab and nivolumab were permanently discontinued. Conclusion This case demonstrates that rheumatologists must be alert to the possibility of myositis overlapping with MG in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors who develop weakness. Early recognition complete evaluation and a team approach are essential in such a complex case. Disclosure F. Javaid: None. S. Byravan: None. S. Makan: None. M. Kadicheeni: None. R. Neame: None. M. Durrani: None.

Perioperative pharmacotherapy for endoprosthetics: potential of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate

Joint endoprosthetics is a treatment of choice for patients with decompensated osteoarthritis (OA), who have exhausted the possibilities of pharmacotherapy and other methods of conservative treatment. Preparation for endoprosthetics and rehabilitation after surgery usually includes measures to improve the muscle condition and local blood circulation in the joint area, and if necessary, pain management. The unique spectrum of anti-inflammatory effect of chondroprotectors based on chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate includes inhibition of NF-κB cascade, toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases, and significantly alleviates the course of OA. Reducing the severity of OA is important for preparing for surgery, subsequent rehabilitation, and preventing the revision surgery.

The pathological and molecular genetic landscape of the hereditary renal cancer predisposition syndromes.

It is estimated that 5-8% of renal tumours are hereditary in nature, with many inherited as autosomal-dominant. These tumours carry a unique spectrum of pathological and molecular alterations, the knowledge of which has expanded in recent years. Due to this knowledge, many advances in the treatment of these tumours have been achieved. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the genetic renal neoplasia syndromes, clinical and pathological presentations, molecular pathogenesis, advances in therapeutic implications and targeted therapy.

Separation of disaccharide epimers, anomers and connectivity isomers by high resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry

Glycans are ubiquitous, structurally diverse molecules that have specific and general roles involving metabolism, structure, and cell-to-cell signaling. Functional specificity depends strongly on the complexity of structures that polysaccharides can adopt based on their subunit composition, length, extent of branching, glycosidic bond connectivity and anomeric configuration. However, a rapid and comprehensive characterization of glycan isomers can be challenging owing to limitations associated with their separation. Here, ten composition, anomeric and connectivity disaccharide isomers were separated and detected using high-resolution differential ion mobility-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS, also known as FAIMS). Focus was primarily directed to compositional isomers corresponding to epimers that differ by the axial or equatorial position of a single hydroxyl group. DMS resolving power was enhanced 14-fold primarily by increasing the fraction of helium in the ion carrier gas and lowering the flow rate. At relatively high disaccharide concentrations, DMS-MS of each disaccharide resulted in complex and unique multi-peak spectra with up to ten fully and partially resolved peaks for β-1,4-mannobiose (Man-1,4β-Man), which can be attributed to the DMS separation and subsequent dissociation of ionic non-covalently bound oligomers into monomer ions. Each DMS spectrum has at least one differentiating peak that is not in the other spectra, indicating that DMS can be used to fully or partially resolve composition, configuration and connectivity isomers. At relatively low disaccharide concentrations, mixtures of disaccharide epimers can also be readily separated by DMS. The integration of high-resolution, ambient pressure DMS with complementary reduced-pressure ion mobility and MS-based glycomics and glycoproteomics workflows may be useful for improving the characterization of glycans and glycosylated biomolecules.

Current research status on immune-related adverse events

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have progressed rapidly over the past decade and have become one of the most promising oncology treatments. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors reduce T-cell tolerance and lead to a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events (IRAE). IRAE can involve multiple systems, including endocrine, gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin systems and there is no predictive marker with high specificity and sensitivity. Mild IRAE can be alleviated by discontinuing immune checkpoint inhibitors while severe IRAEs require active intervention. The first-line treatment is glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressants can be considered in refractory cases. However the optimal choice of immunosuppressants is currently controversial. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology and possible mechanisms of immune-related adverse events, outlines some promising predictive biomarkers, and describes several immunotherapy-related organ toxicity and management.

Paraburkholderia gardini sp. nov. and Paraburkholderia saeva sp. nov.: Novel aromatic compound degrading bacteria isolated from garden and forest soil samples

Three forest and four botanical garden top soil isolates with unique MALDI-TOF mass spectra were identified as Paraburkholderia strains closely related to Paraburkholderia sartisoli through recA gene sequence analysis. OrthoANIu, digital DNA-DNA hybridization analyses and phylogenomic analyses demonstrated that the five strains represented two new Paraburkholderia species closely related to P. sartisoli. The genome of strain LMG 31841T had a cumulative size of 6.3 Mb and a G + C content of 62.64 mol%; strain LMG 32171T had a genome size of 5.8 Mb and a G + C content of 62.91 mol%. Hemolysis on horse blood agar, beta-galactosidase and phosphoamidase activity, and assimilation of adipic acid and trisodium citrate allowed phenotypic differentiation of strains LMG 31841T, LMG 32171T and P. sartisoli LMG 24000T. An analysis of the genomic potential for aromatic compound degradation yielded additional differences among strains representing these three species, but also highlighted some discrepancies between the presence of genes and pathways, and the phenotype revealed through growth experiments using a mineral salts medium supplemented with single aromatic compounds as carbon sources. We propose to classify all isolates from the present study into two novel Paraburkholderia species, for which we propose the names Paraburkholderia gardini with LMG 32171T (=CECT 30344T) as the type strain, and Paraburkholderia saeva with LMG 31841T (=CECT 30338T) as the type strain.

Gamma-Ray Spectral Properties of the Galactic Globular Clusters: Constraint on the Number of Millisecond Pulsars

Abstract We study the γ-ray spectra of 30 globular clusters (GCs) thus far detected with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Presuming that γ-ray emission of a GC comes from millisecond pulsars (MSPs) contained within the GC, a model that generates spectra for the GCs is built based on the γ-ray properties of the detected MSP sample. We fit the GCs’ spectra with the model, and for 27 of them, their emission can be explained as arising from MSPs. The spectra of the other three, NGC 7078, 2MS-GC01, and Terzan 1, cannot be fit with our model, indicating that MSPs’ emission should not be the dominant one in the first two and the third one has a unique hard spectrum. We also investigate six nearby GCs that have relatively high encounter rates compared to the comparison cases. The candidate spectrum of NGC 6656 can be fit with that of one MSP, supporting its possible association with the γ-ray source at its position. The five others do not have detectable γ-ray emission. Their spectral upper limits set limits of ≤1 MSPs in them, consistent with the numbers of radio MSPs found in them. The estimated numbers of MSPs in the γ-ray GCs generally match well those reported for radio pulsars. Our studies of the γ-ray GCs and the comparison nearby GCs indicate that the encounter rate should not be the only factor determining the number of γ-ray MSPs a GC contains.

Exploring beach placer minerals in the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India, using EO-1 Hyperion data

Recent advancements in remote sensing facilitate the mapping of mineral occurrences but lack quantitative estimation of mineral abundances. In the present study, EO-1 Hyperion data are used for mapping and estimating beach placer minerals in the Cuddalore coastal stretch of Tamil Nadu, India, using spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm, continuum removed band depth analysis, and random forest (RF) regression. Strategic beach placer minerals are exposed in the image due to their specific spectral reflection/absorption characteristics; these unique settings are used to explore their spatial distribution from associated features. EO-1 Hyperion images are analyzed for (i) atmospheric correction; (ii) selection and transformation of optimum bands; (iii) fixing the input pixels from selected bands; (iv) generating n-D angle—for the preparation of end-members with unique spectra of mineral classes; (v) comparative analysis between true end-member and reference spectra of minerals using SAM, spectral feature fitting, and binary encoding algorithms; and (vi) image classification using SAM. The result of SAM shows the occurrence of placer mineral deposits such as zircon with an overall accuracy of 81.06% and Kappa coefficient of 0.71. The zircon shows strong absorption in spectral geometric parameters of EO-1 Hyperion data, such as band depth and band area at the spectral range of 1075 to 1150 nm. The positive correlation between geometric parameters of mineral spectra in its absorption characteristics and the mineral concentration of in situ samplings is used for developing an RF prediction model for estimating the placer minerals from beach sand deposits. Significantly, the lower RMSE values estimated at 0.082 and 0.156 for reference spectra (in situ) and image spectra respectively proved the ability of EO-1 Hyperion data for quantifying mineral resources.

Air gap Eccentricity Analysis in Induction Motor using Decision tree Algorithm

This paper presents yeah the eccentricity Fault in the induction motor. the decision tree and Power spectrum Analysis methods are used to analyze the spectrum. Induction motor is very much like in the industry. It is also used a lot due to its easy control quality. All three-phase induction motors have mismatch eccentricity. Due to this eccentricity problem we got speed pulsation, vibration acoustic noise, and friction problem between stator and rotor. The proposed methodology is useful on Real-time data and achieves 90% true Value. The installation of various Sensors in order to maintain the Good condition of the induction motor is very costly. In the small industry, I would like to avoid this cost. The Status current contains unique fault spectrum components find fault with using a decision tree algorithm .We can easily analyze the air gap eccentricity faults.