Unique Path Research Articles

“Three-Wide Education” Reform, Innovation, and Practice in Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology

The comprehensive reform of “three-wide education” is important to achieve inheritance and innovation in ideological education in colleges and universities. The Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology aims to address the practical problems of a weak ideological education team, incomplete system and mechanism, and insufficient resource mobilization in “three-wide education.” It actively explores the “three-wide education” based on the university’s existing foundation and advantages. Comprehensive, innovative ideas for reform, practice, and promotion of unique practices and paths are necessary, to continuously deepen education reforms and strive to build a new “three-wide education” work pattern to help the country’s modern talent cultivation work.

Routing of multi-modal autonomous vehicles for system optimal flows and average travel cost equilibrium over time

In the emerging era of autonomous vehicles (AVs), an important question is how to integrate AVs in a multi-modal framework. Recent studies on Transportation Management Centres (TMCs) for future AVs addressed the issue of providing system optimal (SO) solution. However, none of them considered the possibility of developing a multi-modal SO-based solution. In this regard, we propose a novel multi-modal Transportation Management Centre (MMTMC) for future AVs, which controls both the routing and mode use of each traveller and distributes the AVs in such a way that SO flows are maintained for the whole network every day, while travellers on the same origin-destination (OD) have the same Multi-modal Average Travel Time (MMAVT) over a cycle or period of time (in days). That is, travellers on the same OD may encounter different travel times or costs on different days, but over the planning cycle of many days, their travel times will all average to be the same MMAVT, hence preserving the MMAVT equilibrium. Travellers will travel on single occupancy vehicles (SOVs) or high occupancy vehicles (HOVs) on different routes for different days within the planning cycle, while maintaining the same MMAVT overall for the cycle. Travellers on SOVs will experience no crowdedness while on HOVs will experience crowdedness. We model both the cases of minimum system time and minimum system cost (including crowdedness cost), and provide link-based solution first for both cases. For minimum system time, we apply the conventional Frank Wolfe algorithm to generate feasible link flows, whereas for the minimum system cost problem, we incorporate a sensitivity-based equilibrium procedure to derive the SOV, HOV link flows and demand profiles. Afterwards, we utilize the most likely path method to compute unique SOV and HOV path flows and solve the MMAVT equilibrium. Then, we investigate the case of mixed-equilibrium (ME), where some travellers are given the option not to subscribe to the MMTMC and do their own private routing, i.e. user equilibrium (UE) travellers, who are penalized by a toll. The tolls imposed on these MMTMC non-subscribers are defined by the travel time/cost difference between the MMAVT of subscribers and UE users based on their value-of-time (VOT) distribution. This study investigates the properties of this MMTMC routing pattern, the relationship between MMAVT, tolling, and SOV and HOV market penetration, which offers insights to integrate AVs in a multi-modal framework.

Upconversion photoluminescence of monolayer WSe2 with biaxial strain tuning.

Mechanical strain can be used to tune the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs). Here, upconversion photoluminescence (UPL) from 1L-WSe2 flakes is tuned with biaxial strain induced by cruciform bending and indentation method. It is found that the peak position of UPL is redshifted by around 24 nm as the applied biaxial strain increases from 0% to 0.51%. At the same time, the UPL intensity increases exponentially for the upconversion energy difference that lies within a broad range between -157 meV to -37 meV. The observed linear and sublinear power dependence of UPL emission in 1L-WSe2 with and without biaxial strain at three different excitation wavelengths of 784 nm, 800 nm, and 820 nm indicates the multiphonon-assisted one-photon upconversion emission process. The results of strain-dependent UPL emission from 1L-TMDs pave a unique path to the advances in photon upconversion applications and optoelectronic devices.

Investigation of the exact spin channels in laser-induced spin dynamics in two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes.

In the quest to harness the potential of nanospintronic applications, we analyze and investigate the spin channels for the ultrafast spin dynamics in mononuclear Cu2+(tdp)Cl2 (Cutdp) and Cu2+(tdp)Cl2·MeCN (Cutdp·MeCN) using a high-level ab initio many-body theory. In that spirit, we select two slightly different polymerizations arising from one parent complex. We establish the difference in magnetic behavior between the two complexes which arises solely from the geometrical differences. We calculate the static magnetic properties, such as the magnetic anisotropy of the complexes, which is analyzed by means of the magnetic moment of the ground state. The asymmetry of the core Cu-Cl-Cu-Cl axial plane unit is also reflected in the ground state absorption spectra of the two complexes. Comparisons with the experimental data are in good agreement with the exception of one peak in the theoretical calculations for each of the complexes, confirming the reliability of theoretical methods employed. A major finding in this work is the distinction between classical and coherent superpositions of Λ processes. We employ the selective blocking and retention (SBR) technique to find the unique path or paths for spin dynamic scenarios like spin flip and spin transfer. Additionally, we also present two different scenarios in which intermediate states are involved in spin dynamic processes, (i) classical superposition of Λ processes (i.e., there are many unique paths for transition, even with just one intermediate state the transition completes successfully), and (ii) collective coherent superposition of Λ processes (i.e., there is only one path for the transition, which requires more than one intermediate state to be in a specific coherent superposition). As a consequence, we gain insight into the type of correlations (static or dynamic) involved in a particular spin dynamic scenario.

БИРМАНСКИЙ (МЬЯНМАНСКИЙ) ВАРИАНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: КРАТКИЙ ОБЗОР СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

. The aim of the article is to summarize the existing studies of the Burmese variety of English. The author analyzes research papers including classifications of World Englishes recognized by the linguistic community, which contain the Burmese variety of English (or Burmese English), studies describing historical prerequisites which explain why Burmese English is considered to be in the Kachruvian Expanding Circle, articles and books describing Asian Englishes with reference to Burmese English and some of its features, as well as some classical and recent works on Burmese studies. The article concludes with the unique historical path of the Burmese variety of English, which, being an Expanding Circle variety and having some regional characteristics of South Asian and Eastern Asian Englishes, contains characteristics which allow linguists to single it out as an independent variety of English. Burmese English requires deep and comprehensive analysis in comparison with other varieties of Outer and Expanding Circles.

AdversaFlow: Visual Red Teaming for Large Language Models with Multi-Level Adversarial Flow.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but also raise significant security concerns, particularly regarding the harm they can cause, such as generating fake news that manipulates public opinion on social media and providing responses to unethical activities. Traditional red teaming approaches for identifying AI vulnerabilities rely on manual prompt construction and expertise. This paper introduces AdversaFlow, a novel visual analytics system designed to enhance LLM security against adversarial attacks through human-AI collaboration. AdversaFlow involves adversarial training between a target model and a red model, featuring unique multi-level adversarial flow and fluctuation path visualizations. These features provide insights into adversarial dynamics and LLM robustness, enabling experts to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities effectively. We present quantitative evaluations and case studies validating our system's utility and offering insights for future AI security solutions. Our method can enhance LLM security, supporting downstream scenarios like social media regulation by enabling more effective detection, monitoring, and mitigation of harmful content and behaviors.

Fibre crosslinking drives the emergence of order in a three-dimensional dynamical network model.

The extracellular-matrix (ECM) is a complex interconnected three-dimensional network that provides structural support for the cells and tissues and defines organ architecture as key for their healthy functioning. However, the intimate mechanisms by which ECM acquire their three-dimensional architecture are still largely unknown. In this paper, we study this question by means of a simple three-dimensional individual based model of interacting fibres able to spontaneously crosslink or unlink to each other and align at the crosslinks. We show that such systems are able to spontaneously generate different types of architectures. We provide a thorough analysis of the emerging structures by an exhaustive parametric analysis and the use of appropriate visualization tools and quantifiers in three dimensions. The most striking result is that the emergence of ordered structures can be fully explained by a single emerging variable: the number of links per fibre in the network. If validated on real tissues, this simple variable could become an important putative target to control and predict the structuring of biological tissues, to suggest possible new therapeutic strategies to restore tissue functions after disruption, and to help in the development of collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. Moreover, the model reveals that the emergence of architecture is a spatially homogeneous process following a unique evolutionary path, and highlights the essential role of dynamical crosslinking in tissue structuring.

A Brief Overview of the Development and Significance of Modern Scientific Medicine in China: Take Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College as an Example

Since the early 20th century, China has gradually established a clinical, educational, and research system centered around modern scientific medicine, which has now become the dominant force in China's medical and health system and services, with the construction and development of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College as the most prominent symbol. The scientific medicine in the new era requires close cooperation across multiple disciplines and fields to build a high-quality and efficient medical and health service system. It also involves combining the excellent traditional Chinese culture with Western medicine to explore a unique path of modern scientific medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Examining cultural policy shifts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study examines the evolving role of governments in cultural policy implementation in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis. The findings reveal distinct cultural policy frameworks before the pandemic, influenced by the unique path dependency of each country. However, in response to the crisis, these countries have converged, experiencing increased government intervention to address national challenges. Notably, the United States, contrary to past efforts, has augmented support for the arts, particularly through the National Endowment for the Arts. The research aims to offer comparative insights into cultural policy during national crises, offering practical lessons for countries facing similar institutional and circumstantial conditions.

Formation of environmentally friendly production in conditions of sustainable development

The modern economy is developing in the context of globalization, this is what has a significant impact on the realization of the opportunities of the world economy and gives rise to economic, social and environmental problems. Greening today is becoming one of the main indicators of the country’s level of development. We analyzed the possibilities of greening production in conditions of sustainable growth. The development strategy of any state integrates all the main directions of development of the socio-economic system of society, forcing states to look for a unique path of development in the conditions of the formation of a single world space. We also looked at the innovative risks of greening the economy. The relevance of the article is due to the requirement to green the economies of the countries of the global economic community.

Tan Dun’s Water Music

This article aims to discuss the instrumentality of water in the repertoire for percussion, using the performance of the work Water Music (2004) by Chinese composer Tan Dun (1957) as a case study. Rooted in my own artistic practice (as percussionist, improviser and composer) in the performance of the work as the core of research process, this investigation also combined methods and theoretical perspectives from the fields of auto- and performative-ethnography (Wong 2008), in addition to semi-structured interviews with other percussionists specialists in Tan Dun’s water percussion works. Starting with an overview on water's integration into Western art music and its dynamic connection with percussion, this investigation intended to reveal, from the perspective of a percussionist, the intricate performative process involved in Tan Dun's Water Music. This investigation underscored the presence of a unique performance path, shaped by singular performative demands, in addition to creative and experimental artistic practices.

Oh Pengdorje: The Voice of Margin for Liberation

This article aims to establish connections between the Tamang community, the Tamang people, and the poet's introspective observations of his own circumstances. It provides a comprehensive exploration of this concept and its application to the communal perception within the Tamang community. The poet achieves a heightened level of imagination, thanks to his Marxist outlook and ideology, gaining recognition in both political and cultural spheres. Furthermore, the article delves into the role of class within the literary work, examining characters, and battling oppression. The poet's discussion on oppression as a pervasive societal issue takes center stage in this paper.The reviewed collection of poems establishes a powerful link between subjective experiences and an objective world, serving as a conduit to engage readers in societal reflections. Writing, as emphasized by many previous authors in this series, serves as a means to explore, learn, and contribute. While the desire to become a writer may carry a scent of vanity and ambition, this particular writing style stands out for its focus on compassion and inquiry. The poet Raju Syangtan elaborates on his personal journey towards adopting this distinctive writing style.The narrative style in his writing revolves around themes of family, history, class struggle, departure from home, the quest for truth, return from fighting, forging a unique path, and embracing compassion and curiosity from the past to the present. The Marxist school of literary criticism serves as the guiding principle in the investigation of select poems within this framework.

Functionalized Sr2MgSi2O7:(Eu,Dy)@CdS heterojunction photocatalyst for round-the-clock hydrogen production

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is a crucial strategy for reducing carbon emissions. However, achieving round-the-clock photocatalytic hydrogen production is challenging due to insufficient photocatalytic activity and intermittent solar flux. To circumvent this issue, a Sr2MgSi2O7:(Eu,Dy)@CdS heterojunction photocatalyst is designed to realize round-the-clock photocatalytic hydrogen production. The type II heterojunction effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Sr2MgSi2O7:(Eu,Dy) is of paramount importance in generating long-lived charges and guiding charge transfer, providing the necessary photoenergy for driving photocatalysis in the dark. Sr2MgSi2O7:(Eu,Dy)@CdS exhibits a remarkable UV-vis-driven hydrogen generation of 18.07 mmol g-1 in 0.5 hour and a dark activity of 6.31 mmol g-1 lasting 4 hours, which surpass most previously reported materials. The photocatalytic mechanism is comprehensively investigated through photophysical and electrochemical properties, energy band structure, unique charge transfer paths and first-principles calculations. This work provides a promising strategy to design photocatalysts for round-the-clock photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Features of Transformation of Worldview Attitudes among Russian Youth in the Context of Geopolitical Conflict

Drawing from nationwide surveys conducted between 2006 and 2023, this study illustrates the specific transformation of worldview attitudes among Russian youth aged 18-24 compared to the general population. This transformation occurs within the context of the global confrontation between Russia and the collective West. The analysis focuses on the clash between two ideological positions: advocates for a Western-oriented path of development for Russia and proponents of civilisational sovereignty, advocating for a unique developmental path for the country. The examination revolves around three groups of indicators:
 1. Perceptions of the country's development path and its position in the world (indicators: perceptions of the necessity and priorities of changes within the country; ideas about Russia's place in the world; assessment of the path Russia is following).
 2. Views on societal structure (ideas about an ideal model for human-state-society relations; desired image of the future Russia).
 3. Life values and attitudes (prioritisation of individual interests versus societal interests; perspectives on actions required to achieve personal goals).
 The conclusion drawn is that the new phase of societal transformations in Russia, beginning with the onset of special military operations in Ukraine in February 2022, presented a significant challenge to Russian society as a whole, particularly impacting the youth aged 18-24. The primary vector of events, marked by heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, conflicted with the worldview perceptions of the youth. A considerable part of the youth was oriented toward a model of country development resembling contemporary Western societies, embracing liberal-democratic principles in state governance, and seeking opportunities to shape life strategies within a transnational environment. However, based on the data from 2023, the potential bifurcation point in the mindsets of the youth has been passed. The emerging divergence in attitudes among 18-24-year-old Russians from the overall trend in societal mood is diminishing. There is a reduced demand for change, reaching its lowest point, and the level of trust in key government representatives is at or below the corresponding indicators for the general population. Instead, there appears to be a shift toward more intricate processes of adaptation among the youth aged 18-24 to the current situation. They seem to be searching for compromises between their previously held attitudes and the changing reality they face.

Growth mechanism for dendrite-free lithium regulated deposition

The unhealthy electrodeposition leads to uncontrolled growth and random fracture of Li, causing safety problems. Here we elaborate on the growth mechanism of Li on different substrates by integrating overpotential testing and Gibbs free energy calculating. Induced nucleation sites are brought into the substrate to trap Li preferentially, reducing the primary deposition barrier and contributing to the uniform nucleation of Li. The Li grows along the sites where the pits grow on the carbon substrate. The secure connection between the metal and the substrate can be used to stabilize the bulk metal. In addition, the external magnetic field during electrodeposition homogenizes the direction of ion movement and promotes uniform deposition. At the same time, the 3D frame distributes the ion flux homogenization, providing enough space to mitigate the volume change. The design of the substrate provides a unique inside-out growth path for metal, which guides the uniform deposition of Li and effectively inhibits the growth of dendrites. The electrochemical performance using CC/Co3O4/Li electrode is significantly improved in the full battery with sulfur as the cathode. This work explores the growth mechanism of Li metal and guides stable dendrite-free Li electrode fabrication.

On Finding Optimal (Dynamic) Arborescences

Let G=(V,E) be a directed and weighted graph with a vertex set V of size n and an edge set E of size m such that each edge (u,v)∈E has a real-valued weight w(u,c). An arborescence in G is a subgraph T=(V,E′) such that, for a vertex u∈V, which is the root, there is a unique path in T from u to any other vertex v∈V. The weight of T is the sum of the weights of its edges. In this paper, given G, we are interested in finding an arborescence in G with a minimum weight, i.e., an optimal arborescence. Furthermore, when G is subject to changes, namely, edge insertions and deletions, we are interested in efficiently maintaining a dynamic arborescence in G. This is a well-known problem with applications in several domains such as network design optimization and phylogenetic inference. In this paper, we revisit the algorithmic ideas proposed by several authors for this problem. We provide detailed pseudocode, as well as implementation details, and we present experimental results regarding large scale-free networks and phylogenetic inference. Our implementation is publicly available.

Boundary effects of anisotropic medium on cloaking under shallow-water waves

The cloaking of offshore structures exposed to water waves can effectively protect them from hydrodynamics. In this study, an anisotropic medium designed by applying the space transformation method was used to cloak offshore structures exposed to shallow-water waves. By designing a theoretical cloaking space, the wave path could be controlled to bypass a certain area and cloak the structure within the wave field. Based on the form invariance of the shallow-water wave-governing equation, this unique wave path can be physically created using an anisotropic medium that includes water depth and gravity acceleration. First, an anisotropic medium was designed to cloak a single cylinder. The effects of the no-flux inner boundary conditions of the anisotropic medium on cloaking were investigated. The total- and scattered-wave distributions around the structure were calculated and analyzed. The scattering attenuation coefficient was used to measure the cloaking effect. In addition, a numerical truncation method for the medium parameters near the inner boundary was proposed and investigated to analyze the singularity of the medium parameters near the inner boundary. Moreover, an anisotropic medium was introduced to cloak multibody structures in water waves using simplified parameters. The results indicated that the inner area could also be protected without a no-flux boundary. Cloaking was effective in a simplified anisotropic medium. An anisotropic medium with simplified parameters can successfully cloak multibody structures exposed to shallow-water waves.

Connection number topological aspect for backbone DNA networks.

The present study investigates the complex topological characteristics of DNA networks, with a specific emphasis on the innovative metric known as Connection Number (CN) as a key factor in determining network structure. The Connection Number, represented as CN(v) for a vertex v, measures the count of unique paths that link v to every other vertex in the network. By employing rigorous mathematical modeling and analysis techniques, we are able to reveal the profound implications of CN (complex networks) in characterizing the structural robustness and dynamics of information flow within DNA networks. The study of how the theory of graphs and chemicals interact is known as chemical graph theory. This paper, computing the hyper Zagreb connection index, augmented connection index, inverse sum connection index, harmonic connection index, symmetric division connection index, geometric arithmetic connection index, and atom bond connectivity connection index, of two significant types of backbone DNA and Barycentric subdivision of backbone DNA networks. Direct method computation is used to produce these Connection-based topological descriptors.

Predicting Polymer Brush Behavior in Solvents Using the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamic Framework.

The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework is utilized to study the effects of temperature on polymer brushes. The brushes are represented by a discrete energy spectrum, and energy degeneracies obtained through the replica-exchange Wang-Landau algorithm. The SEAQT equation of motion is applied to the density of states to establish a unique kinetic path from an initial thermodynamic state to a stable equilibrium state. The kinetic path describes the brush's evolution in state space, as it interacts with a thermal reservoir. The predicted occupation probabilities along the kinetic path are used to determine the expected thermodynamic and structural properties. The polymer density profile of a polystyrene brush in cyclohexane solvent is predicted using the equation of motion, and it agrees qualitatively with the experimental density profiles. The Flory-Huggins parameter chosen to describe brush-solvent interactions affects the solvent distribution in the brush but has a minimal impact on the polymer density profile. Three types of nonequilibrium kinetic paths with differing amounts of entropy production are considered: a heating path, a cooling path, and a heating-cooling path. Properties such as tortuosity, radius of gyration, brush density, solvent density, and brush chain conformations are calculated for each path.

Blue phosphorus phase GeSe monolayer for nitrogenous toxic gas sensing: A DFT study

Continuing industrialization, a variety of toxic gases are emitted into the air, yet gas concentrations at low levels are extremely hard to detect. So the development of high-performance toxic gas sensors is imminent. Two-dimensional materials with advantages such as large specific surface area and unique electronic properties open new paths for gas sensors. In this study, a monolayer of blue phosphorus phase germanium selenide (GeSe) was used as the substrate material. The absorption performance of ambient nitrogenous toxic gases (NO, NO2, NH3, N2O) on the surface of GeSe monolayers was explored by the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the interaction between GeSe and the four gases exhibits physisorption. Based on four optimal adsorption structures, Bader charge, work function, band structure, density of states, and recovery time were calculated. Charge transfer is promoted due to the presence of GeSe intrinsic dipoles and only NH3 was found to be the charge donor. The significant changes in work function and electronic properties of GeSe monolayer adsorption of NO indicate significant changes in electrical signals during gas detection. This work reveals that GeSe monolayer has higher sensitivity and selectivity for NO hazardous gas.