Unique Page Research Articles

Growing and Glowing: A Digital Media Campaign to Increase Access to Pregnancy-Related Health Information for Black Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Low birthweight is a health issue disproportionately experienced by Black women. In Hillsborough County, Florida, Black women experience higher rates of low birthweight compared to the rest of Florida. This study examines the feasibility of a second attempt to use a digital low birthweight campaign to increase knowledge about low birthweight and pregnancy among Black women in Hillsborough. Content for the Growing and Glowing campaign was delivered on social media through a web series with local prenatal care providers and educational images. Two cross-sectional surveys examined changes in pregnancy-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Black women in Hillsborough. Digital metrics showed campaign reach and engagement. Growing and Glowing attained 1,234 followers, 805,437 impressions, and a reach of 19,875. Web series videos were viewed almost 27,000 times, with 89% average viewer retention. The website attracted 2,634 unique page views. Evaluation surveys showed significant improvements in positive pregnancy-related intentions. Women aware of the campaign showed significantly higher awareness of the importance of prenatal care, and higher awareness of local resources. Results from the second study of this campaign approach suggest that using a highly targeted digital intervention can be a well-received and potentially effective way to deliver pregnancy-related health information to Black women, even during a global pandemic. This approach has numerous benefits in reaching women who may fall outside traditional health marketing approaches.

A cross-sectional evaluation of the Dutch RHAPSODY program: online information and support for caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia

Caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia (YOD) have an explicit need for tailored information and support about YOD. Therefore, during the European RHAPSODY project a web-based information and support program for YOD caregivers was developed. The program was recently tailored to the Dutch context. This study evaluates the Dutch version on user acceptability, usability, user satisfaction, and user behavior. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the publicly available Dutch RHAPSODY program. A pop-up survey, extensive survey, and a semi-structured interview were used to evaluate how visitors perceived the program in terms of acceptability, usability, and their satisfaction. Web metrics registered user behavior. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a deductive content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. ResultsA total of 26 participants completed the pop-up survey, 19 completed the extensive survey, and 10 participated in the semi-structured interviews. Most participants were caregivers and healthcare professionals. They perceived the program as acceptable and usable in daily life and were satisfied with the quality of the content. The majority would use the program again and recommend it to others. Participants emphasized the necessity and desirability of a central platform incorporating educational and practical information about YOD. The page with an explanation about what YOD entails was most viewed (360 unique page views). Most time was spent on the page about the diagnostic process (6.5 min). ConclusionsThe Dutch RHAPSODY program showed good user acceptability, usability, and user satisfaction. The program met the need for tailored information and support regarding YOD and adds value to existing available support for YOD caregivers. Raising awareness about the program's existence among healthcare professionals may help caregivers to find appropriate post-diagnostic information. The program also provides educational opportunities for healthcare professionals.

Dataset of first appearances of the scholarly bibliographic references on Wikipedia articles

Referencing scholarly documents as information sources on Wikipedia is important because it supports or improves the quality of Wikipedia content. Several studies have been conducted regarding scholarly references on Wikipedia; however, little is known of the editors and their edits contributing to add the scholarly references on Wikipedia. In this study, we develop a methodology to detect the oldest scholarly reference added to Wikipedia articles by which a certain paper is uniquely identifiable as the “first appearance of the scholarly reference.” We identified the first appearances of 923,894 scholarly references (611,119 unique DOIs) in 180,795 unique pages on English Wikipedia as of March 1, 2017 and stored them in the dataset. Moreover, we assessed the precision of the dataset, which was highly precise regardless of the research field. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of our dataset. This dataset is unique and attracts those who are interested in how the scholarly references on Wikipedia grew and which editors added them.

Characterising users’ task completion process in learning-related tasks:A search pace model

This study investigated users’ searching, reading and writing interactions and their activity transitions during task completion process when users were collecting information for learning-related search tasks. Task completion process was defined as the process users started to search till the time when they have collected enough information to accomplish the search tasks. The data analysis was conducted from a new process perspective through synthesising macro- and micro-process levels. Four evenly distributed stages were divided according to the total task completion time in each search session. Our results demonstrated that users generally experienced three sub-processes during task completion process: exploration, accumulation and composition/reporting. Exploration sub-process is basically the first quarter of the total task completion time, during which users often issue more queries and visit more search engine result pages (SERPs) to collect information, and the dominant activity transition is switching between searching and reading; accumulation sub-process is mainly the second and third quarters of the total task completion time, during which they visit more unique content pages, have more revisits per content page, and they switch between reading and writing activities frequently; the last stage is composition/reporting sub-process, which is dominated by writing, and users often switch between writing and reading, and between writing and searching. Based on these findings, we propose a search pace model to describe how users proceed from the beginning to the end of task completion process in these three sub-processes. The methodology applied has been proved to be effective to examine users’ interaction behaviours from the process perspective on both the micro- and macro-levels. The findings of this article help us understand how users proceed their dynamic searching, reading and writing behaviours for learning-related tasks, and also have implications for the design of search systems that support learning-related tasks.

Palliative Care Clinicians’ Perspectives of an Integrated Caregiver Patient-Portal System in Oncology

Despite recommendations and policies to integrate family caregivers into U.S. healthcare settings, caregivers are not systematically involved. Thus, we developed an Integrated Caregiver Patient-Portal system that (1) allows a patient to identify their primary caregiver and their communication preferences; (2) connects the caregiver to a unique portal page to indicate their needs; and 3) informs the care team of dyad responses to aid in integrating the caregiver. This formative research explored palliative care clinicians' perceptions of the system to inform refinements before usability testing. We conducted two focus groups with palliative care clinicians (N=11) at an NCI-designated cancer center. Transcripts were analyzed using an integrated approach to specify system benefits and concerns. The most referenced benefits included: Learning information that they might not have known without the system; giving caregivers a voice or a way to express needs; and supporting an ideal model of care. Top concerns included lacking capacity to respond; needing to clarify clinician roles and expertise in responding to caregivers' needs; and ensuring ongoing system adaptability. The clinicians' feedback resulted in revisions including: (1) modifying the caregiver questions; (2) integrating social workers in the response; and (3) adding a text-based report to the care team. This formative research provided valuable feedback for portal development, and also contributes more broadly to recommendations related to integrating caregivers in healthcare. This research provides practical and logistical relevance to the discussion on how to integrate caregivers into clinical care.

Stoichiometry between Humate Unit Molecules and Metal Ions in Supramolecular Assembly Induced by Cu2+ and Tb3+ Measured by Gel Electrophoresis Techniques.

Humic acid (HA), a fraction of humic substances, can strongly complex with metal ions to form a supramolecular assembly via coordination binding and other intermolecular forces. However, determining the supramolecular size distribution and stoichiometry between small HA unit molecules constituting HA supramolecules and metal ions has proven to be challenging. Here, we investigated the changes in the size distributions of HAs induced by Cu2+ and Tb3+ ions using unique PAGE for the separation and quantification of HA complexes and metal ions bound, followed by UV-vis spectroscopy and excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis. By determining the concentrations of HA and metal ions, it was possible to estimate the stoichiometry of the HA unit molecule to metal ions in supramolecular complexes. It was found that the supramolecular behaviors of Cu2+ and Tb3+ complexes with HA collected from peat (PAHA) and deep groundwater (HHA) differed. For example, two HHA unit molecules form a supramolecule via cross-linking by a Cu2+ ion in the case of Cu2+-HHA. Our results suggest that this supramolecular stoichiometry is related to the abundance of sulfur atoms in the elemental composition of HHA. Our experimental results and analysis provide new insights into HA supramolecules formed via metal complexation.

Automated Discovery of Network Cameras in Heterogeneous Web Pages

Reduction in the cost of Network Cameras along with a rise in connectivity enables entities all around the world to deploy vast arrays of camera networks. Network cameras offer real-time visual data that can be used for studying traffic patterns, emergency response, security, and other applications. Although many sources of Network Camera data are available, collecting the data remains difficult due to variations in programming interface and website structures. Previous solutions rely on manually parsing the target website, taking many hours to complete. We create a general and automated solution for aggregating Network Camera data spread across thousands of uniquely structured web pages. We analyze heterogeneous web page structures and identify common characteristics among 73 sample Network Camera websites (each website has multiple web pages). These characteristics are then used to build an automated camera discovery module that crawls and aggregates Network Camera data. Our system successfully extracts 57,364 Network Cameras from 237,257 unique web pages.

Empirical Investigation of Factors That Influence Website Performance

Rapid advancements in digital technology have had a significant influence on businesses' websites. Organizations with well-designed websites have the potential of attracting customers, generating revenues, and increasing market share. Nevertheless, many organizations that are investing billions of US dollars on websites and page development are not attracting customers or generating revenues, incomes, and profits as expected. The study focuses on bounce rate as a key performance measure of website effectiveness. The research focus is on the factors that influence bounce rate to provide insights to advertisers and websites' designers to predict the effectiveness and quality of online advertisements before these ads are shown to both web users and online visitors. The authors investigated the influence of page view, unique page view, average time on page, entrances, and percent exit on bounce rate. The study shows that unique pageviews, average time on page, entrance, and percent exit have a positive and significant effect on bounce rate and have practical and research implications.

Acquisition and User Behavior in Online Science Laboratories before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools at every level, globally, forcing education to move online. Meeting the needs of students online for Science Lab classes, in particular, is a challenge since the physical labs are not available to the teachers or students. OLabs is a virtual Science Lab providing a complete learning environment of theory, experimental procedures, videos, animations, simulations, and assessments that capture real lab experiences with the relevant pedagogy. This study looks at the acquisition and behaviors of users, on the OLabs platform, during pre and COVID-19 times. Using Google Analytics, we observe that, during the pandemic time, users increasingly adopted OLabs as a new learning pedagogy for performing experiments as indicated by parameters like the number of users; the number of unique pages viewed per session; time spent on viewing content; bounce rate; and preference for content types such as theory, simulations, videos, and animations.

Using Instagram as a tool to enhance anatomy learning at two US dental schools.

Although growing evidence supports the inclusion of social media in education, no studies to date have investigated the potential role of Instagram in anatomy education for dental students. Anatomists at University of Texas School of Dentistry (UTSD) and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Dentistry created unique Instagram pages supplemental to traditional pedagogy, aiming to provide easily-accessible, interactive content for our tech-savvy students. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' perspectives of the use of social media in education and their respective professor's Instagram page. In the fall of 2020, 170 students (86 from UTSD and 84 from UNMC) voluntarily participated in a survey via Qualtrics. The majority of respondents (85.1%) had seven or more years of experience with social media, and 96.9% of students reported using social media as a source of information with 92.5% using for educational purposes. All students agreed that their respective professor's page has been helpful for anatomy study and review, added to their understanding of anatomy, is convenient, engaging, and professional. While consistent themes emerged between cohorts, UNMC students had a higher level of agreement regarding their page's added relevance to learning in the class/clinic (p=0.0016), while UTSD students reported feeling more comfortable asking their professor questions through Instagram (p=0.015). Among all variables, female students and Generation Z students responded more favorably than male or Generation Y counterparts. Here, the authors describe benefits and considerations for others interested in using Instagram as an educational tool.

Developing an Integrated Caregiver Patient-Portal System.

We have developed an integrated caregiver patient-portal system (i.e., patient–caregiver portal) that (1) allows a patient to identify their primary caregiver and their communication preferences with that caregiver in the healthcare setting; (2) connects the caregiver to a unique portal page to indicate their needs; and (3) informs the healthcare team of patient and caregiver responses to aid in integrating the caregiver. The purpose of this manuscript is to report on the formative phases (Phases I and II) of system development. Phase I involved a pre-assessment to anticipate complexity or barriers in the system design and future implementation. We used the non-adaption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework and rubric to conduct this pre-assessment. Phase II involved exploring reactions (i.e., concerns or benefits) to the system among a small sample of stakeholders (i.e., 5 palliative oncology patients and their caregivers, N = 10). The purpose of these two phases was to identify system changes prior to conducting usability testing among patient/caregiver dyads in palliative oncology (phase III). Completion of the NASSS rubric highlighted potential implementation barriers, such as the non-uniformity of caregiving, disparities in portal use, and a lack of cost–benefit (value) findings in the literature. The dyads’ feedback reinforced several NASSS ratings, including the benefits of connecting caregivers and allowing for caregiver voice as well as the concerns of limited use of patient-portals by the patients (but not the caregivers) and the need for user assistance during stressful health events. One change that resulted from this analysis was ensuring that we provided research participants (users) with detailed guidance and support on how to log in and use a patient–caregiver portal. In future iterations, we will also consider allowing more than one caregiver to be included and incorporating additional strategies to enable caregivers to interact in the system as part of the care team (e.g., via email).

The Philosophical Attitude of Eugene Hütz, Singer of Gogol Bordello

The Philosophical Attitude of Eugene Hütz, Singer of Gogol Bordello

Glowing and Growing: A Digital Media Campaign to Increase Access to Pregnancy-Related Health Information for Black Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Low birthweight is a health issue disproportionately experienced by Black women. In Hillsborough County, Florida, Black women experience higher rates of low birthweight compared to the rest of Florida. This study examines the feasibility of a second attempt to use a digital low birthweight campaign to increase knowledge about low birthweight and pregnancy among Black women in Hillsborough.Method: Content for the Growing and Glowing campaign was delivered on social media through a web series with local prenatal care providers, and educational images. Two cross-sectional surveys examined changes in pregnancy-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among Black women in Hillsborough. Digital metrics showed campaign reach and engagement. Results: Growing and Glowing attained 1,234 followers, 805,437 impressions, and a reach of 19,875. Web series videos were viewed almost 27,000 times, with 89% average viewer retention. The website attracted 2,634 unique page views. Evaluation surveys showed significant improvements in positive pregnancy-related intentions. Women aware of the campaign showed significantly higher awareness of the importance of prenatal care, and higher awareness of local resources. Conclusions: Results from the second study of this campaign approach suggest that using a highly targeted digital intervention can be a well-received and potentially effective way to deliver pregnancy-related health information to Black women, even during a global pandemic. This strategy has numerous benefits in reaching women who may fall outside traditional health marketing approaches.

All hands on deck: Creation of an online internal medicine redeployment curriculum.

In response to increased workforce demand on inpatient medicine floors during the COVID-19 pandemic, trainees have been redeployed to practice medicine outside of their current subspecialty. Trainees on the frontlines already have feelings of anxiety and vulnerability, and concerns around potential knowledge gaps may worsen those feelings. We created Medicine Basecamp, a 10-week online internal medicine curriculum, to address the knowledge-gap anxieties of redeployed trainees.

Vennter - An interactive analysis tool for WormBase interaction data using Venn diagrams.

WormBase curates four different types of gene-to-gene interaction data: genetic, regulatory, physical, and predicted. These data are found in the Interactions widget in each gene page. Aside from the predicted interactions, the other three types are curated with direct experimental evidence from the literature. In WormBase, genetic interaction data is defined as a phenotypic deviation of double mutants (or any other genetic perturbations) from single mutant phenotypes and the control phenotype. Regulatory interactions are defined by how perturbation of one gene or gene product affects the expression of another gene or the localization of its gene product. Physical interactions represent molecular associations between genes and gene products from C. elegans (Grove et al. 2018). Each type of interaction data is essential to understanding certain aspects of the biological process mediated by the two interacting genes. However, integrating information from these three types of interaction data is critical to reading the biological context. Understanding the logical relations between different types of interaction data provides a vital clue on how to tackle a gene-to-gene interaction within this context. To achieve this goal, we introduce a new tool for analyzing these logical relations among the interaction data using a Venn diagram, named Vennter (Venn diagram for interaction). Venn diagrams are very useful for displaying similarities and distinctions between different data sets of interest, especially when they are area-proportional to the amount of information presented. Vennter consists of three circles, each representing one of the three different interaction data types. The size of any area within the interactive Venn diagram corresponds to the number of unique interactor genes pertaining to that region. Figure 1A shows an example of a Vennter diagram for selected genes (daf-2, daf-15, daf-16, and let-363) which play key roles in the Insulin/IGF-1 and TOR-dependent signaling pathway. These results exhibit distinct patterns of overlap among their interaction data. In some cases, the differences might reflect differences in prior scientific approaches to studying these genes as well as the availability of annotated interaction data in WormBase. Vennter is fully interactive for analyzing interactor genes from different sets of interaction data. By clicking on any single or multiple area in combination, one can easily obtain all gene names corresponding to the selected area (represented by hashed lines) in Vennter. The number of selected genes is shown next to the ‘View selected genes’ button (see arrows). From there, one can open a popup window called ‘Browse gene set’ which contains a comprehensive list of interactor genes shown in alphabetic order. This list can be copied or downloaded in diverse formats, and for the user’s convenience, each gene name is linked to its unique WormBase gene page. Under the same ‘Browse gene set’ window, Vennter also offers other functions for further analysis of selected genes, such as direct links to the batch analysis tools ‘SimpleMine’ and ‘Gene-set Enrichment Analysis’ (Figure 1B) which can help to query the gene list more conveniently and efficiently. To demonstrate yet another aspect of Vennter, we can look at the high-throughput physical protein-protein interaction data, which comprise long lists of genes. To date, WormBase has curated 86.9% of physical protein-protein interaction data from these high-throughput studies (Cho et al. 2018). However, identifying the functional relevance of such large amounts of interacting gene candidates can often be quite challenging to researchers. To improve this, Vennter provides more organized and relevant information to researchers by evaluating overlapping information between physical, genetic, and/or regulatory interactions, which enables researchers to more easily measure the confidence and biological relevance of their gene candidates of interest. For the C. elegans research community, Vennter can help compare and integrate the different types of interaction data available. It also provides hyperlinks to other useful WormBase tools in order to analyze the gene interactor list in a more efficient and automated manner.

POF-SVLM: pareto optimized framework for seamless VM live migration

Live migration helps to achieve resource consolidation and fault tolerance. It transfers VM storage together with VM memory and CPU status. During migration, a dirty page rate also delays the period of live migration, and it affects the performance of migration by increasing migration time, network bandwidth consumption, CPU processing overheads and application downtime. Experimental results after comparing with existing methods of VM live migration, reflects that with high data transfer rate, prolonged migration time and downtime make it infeasible to achieve seamless live migration. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the KVM strategy for live migration. It shows that the KVM iterative copy method, where all RAM data is marked as dirty and transferred during the first iteration, initially generating majority of additional overheads, mainly due to large data transfer. Based on these findings, the innovative Pareto Optimized framework [POF-SVLM] was developed and deployed as a standardized VM storage network, such as the Network Attached Storage (NAS), shared between the source and the target machine. Only the VM primary storage is to be transferred during live migration. Additionally, the architecture effectively monitors all I/O VM requests to determine unique pages in the primary memory that are only transferred during the iterations. All duplicate pages are downloaded directly from the NAS to the target machine. Detailed experimental evaluation shows that the proposed mechanism reduces the VM live migration overheads by 55–60%. Experimental results also shows that the downtime of POF-SVLM based live migration is in the range less than 60 s even for highly intense workloads. This is the most significant contribution of POF-SVLM because since the downtime less than 60 s, the user will not be able to notice it and results in seamless VM live migration.

Quality and Readability Assessment of Websites on Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer.

The incidence of human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal cancer is rising, but public knowledge about this diagnosis remains low. This study aimed to investigate the quality and readability of online information about HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer. Cross-sectional website analysis. This study conducted a total of 12 web searches across Google, Yahoo, and Bing to identify websites related to HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer. The QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) was used to measure quality based on seven website criteria. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) were used to measure readability, with scores estimating the education level a reader would require to understand a piece of text. Readability improves as FRES increases and FKGL decreases. Twenty-seven unique web pages were evaluated. The mean USA reading grade level as measured by FKGL was 10.42 (standard deviation = 1.54). There was an inverse relationship between quality and readability, with a significant positive correlation between QUEST score and FKGL (r = 0.343, P = .040) and a significant negative correlation between QUEST score and FRES (r = -0.537, P = .002). With a mean USA reading grade level more than four grades above the American Medical Association's recommendation and results indicating that readability suffers as quality improves, these findings suggest that the currently available online information about HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer is insufficient. Improved patient education practices and resources about this diagnosis are needed. NA Laryngoscope, 131:87-94, 2021.

Exploring Accessibility in DOAJ: A Case Study

This study explores the accessibility of HTML articles indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The researchers tested a random sample of journals that possessed the DOAJ seal of approval, added content in 2019, were published in English and had 50 or more indexed articles. From this sample, HTML full-text articles were randomly selected for accessibility testing, using the W3C Easy Checks. 131 journals on 22 platforms were reviewed. All content reviewed provided unique web page titles. The majority of articles reviewed allowed for increases in text size and had meaningful heading structure. The application of alternative text tags for images and form labels was inconsistent, as was the ability to use keyboard controls for page navigation. Further, most content did not clearly indicate cursor location. The most egregious accessibility issues came from design choices, which generated a variety of contrast errors. More in-depth studies of DOAJ and other OA indexes and content providers are recommended, as is requiring adherence to WCAG 2.0 accessibility criteria as a condition of article submission.

The Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of California's Inaugural Food Waste Prevention Week.

Preventing food waste can divert food from landfills to feed people, combat climate change, preserve natural resources, and save money. In February 2017, the Nutrition Policy Institute and the Public Health Alliance of Southern California initiated a multisector collaboration among California state agencies to raise awareness about food waste. After development and distribution of a Communications Guide, Food Waste Prevention Week was launched successfully in March 2018, with official support from California's Governor, Secretary of Agriculture, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and other leaders. The multiagency shared messaging campaign was estimated to reach millions, based on unique page views via social and traditional media. In a follow-up survey, partners expressed satisfaction with Food Waste Prevention Week and interest in participating in future efforts. Organizing leaders across multiple sectors to raise awareness about food waste is possible; such efforts can contribute to driving behavioral and structural changes to reduce food waste.

A cross-discipline comparison of subject guides and resource discovery tools

Introduction. Academic libraries invest considerable resources in creating disciplinary subject guides, but patron use of such guides is rarely quantified in the literature. We analyse access data for subject guides and other electronic resource discovery tools to investigate disciplinary differences in resource discovery behaviour. Method. We analysed access data for resource discovery tools and subject guides that was collected over five weeks in the first term of the academic year at a public teaching and research university. Analysis. We analysed unique page views for subject guides, then calculated and compared access to electronic resources originating from the following resource discovery tools: Summon, subject guides, Google Scholar, and the database index. Results. Disciplines with high unique page views for subject guides were more likely to use subject guides or specific databases for resource discovery, while disciplines with low subject guide unique page views were more likely to use Summon or Google Scholar for resource discovery. Conclusions. The low unique page views for most guides suggests providing guides for all disciplines may not be an effective method for supporting students in resource discovery. This study also indicates a need for subject guide use to be evaluated in relation to other resource discovery tools.