Unique Manuscript Research Articles

Formal Research Mentorship of Medical Students in Radiation Oncology: A 15-Year Experience

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> At our institution, students receive formal research mentorship by radiation oncology faculty mentors through structured research programs, such as the Medical Student Summer Research Program (MSSRP) and radiation oncology research elective, as well as in extracurricular research time. In this analysis, we report the research productivity of students who engaged in formal radiation oncology mentorship over the past 15 years. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> We compiled a database of all publications, consisting of abstracts (including oral and poster presentations) and manuscripts, co-authored by 58 students from 2005 to 2020. We searched radiation oncology faculty curriculum vitae as well as PubMed to identify publications with student authors. The means, medians, ranges, and interquartile ranges (IQR) of co-authorships and first authorships were calculated for the overall cohort and compared for male versus female students as well as students who matched into radiation oncology and those who matched into other fields. <h3>Results</h3> Among all 58 students, 106 unique abstracts and 70 unique manuscripts were identified. Of the 58 students, 54 (93.1%) published at least one abstract or manuscript. The mean number of abstract co-authorships per student was 3.07 (median 2, range 0-25, IQR 0-4), and the mean number of manuscript co-authorships per student was 2.22 (median 1, range 0-18, IQR 1-3). There were no significant differences in research output between male and female students. However, the students who matched into radiation oncology published more co-author manuscripts (mean 3.67, median 3, IQR 1-5) than those who matched into other fields (mean 1.63, median 1, IQR 1-2), <i>P</i> = 0.014. They also published more first-author manuscripts (mean 1.62, median 2, IQR 0-3) than those who matched into other fields (mean 0.53, median 0, IQR 0-1), <i>P</i> = 0.006. Among the 51 students who have graduated, the top three specialties that students matched into were radiation oncology with 21 (41.2%) students, internal medicine with 9 (17.6%) students, and radiology with 6 (11.8%) students. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this 15-year analysis, students mentored by radiation oncology faculty are successful with high research productivity. The results of this analysis lay the groundwork for further implementation of formal medical student research mentorship programs, which will in turn allow for more research on the benefits of mentorship. Further research is warranted to assess whether skills gained from student-directed research translate into residency and beyond.

Misleading medical literature: An observational study

Language that implies a conclusion not supported by the evidence is common in the medical literature. The hypothesis of the present study was that medical journal publications are more likely to use misleading language for the interpretation of a demonstrated null (i.e. chance or not statistically significant) effect than a demonstrated real (i.e. statistically significant) effect. This was an observational study of the medical literature with a systematic sampling method. Articles published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine over the last two decades were eligible. The language used around the P-value was assessed for misleadingness (i.e. either suggesting an effect existed when a real effect did not exist or vice versa). There were 228 unique manuscripts examined, containing 400 statements interpreting a P-value proximate to 0.05. The P-value was between 0.036 and 0.050 for 303 (75.8%) statements and between 0.050 and 0.064 for 97 (24.3%) statements. Forty-four (11%) of the statements were misleading. There were 40 (41.2%) false-positive sentences, implying statistical significance when the P-value was >0.05, and four (1.3%) false-negative sentences, implying no statistical significance when the P-value <0.05 (relative risk 31.2; 95% confidence interval 11.5-85.1; P < 0.0001). The proportion of included manuscripts containing at least one misleading sentence was 16.2% (95% confidence interval 12.0-21.6). Among a random selection of sentences in prestigious journals describing P-values close to 0.05, 1 in 10 are misleading (n=44, 11%) and this is more prevalent when the P-values are above 0.05 compared to below 0.05. Caution is advised for researchers, clinicians and editors to align with the context and purpose of P-values.

Review: The Sultan’s Feast: A Fifteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook, by Ibn Mubārak Shāh; edited, translated, and introduced by Daniel L. Newman

If you ever wondered what tastes and flavors characterized a medieval Middle Eastern meal, Daniel L. Newman, Chair of Arabic Studies at the University of Durham, and a specialist in the Arabic language and culture, will guide you well through Ibn Mubārak Shāh’s cookery book, in both the book’s original language, Arabic, and in its fluent, vivid translation into English.This ambitious endeavor undertaken by Newman contributes to a growing interest in historical Arabic cookery in recent years. This manual is one of nine titles written in Arabic between the tenth and fifteenth centuries. Until now, it was the last one not translated into a European language; it was edited previously by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Shāghūl (2007), who did not provide a translation, so the text remained inaccessible to non-Arabic readers.Written in fifteenth-century Egypt, this cookbook’s edition and translation by Newman are based on the unique manuscript existing today, conserved at the Gotha Research Library at the University of Erfurt, Germany (MS Orient A. 1344), which is in fact a copy of the original text, seemingly now lost. The Book of Flowers in the Garden of Elegant Foods (Kitāb Zahr al-ḥadīqa fī al-aṭʿima al-anīqa), this cookery book’s original title copied the lion’s share of its recipes from another cookbook dated to the fourteenth century, Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid, recently translated by Nawal Nasrallah (2018) under the title Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table: A Fourteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook. Zahr al-ḥadīqa is in fact an abridged version of Kanz al-fawāʾid. With great care, Newman proposes a detailed table comparing both texts, Kanz versus Zahr, chapter by chapter (xlviii–xlix).In his introduction, Newman portrays the main traits of the medieval Arabic culinary tradition. He first outlines the nine cookery books written in Arabic from both the eastern and the western parts of the medieval Islamic world. During his work, he found a further tenth cookery manual, which is undergoing a study and edition by Newman; its discovery is of great importance to the study of Arabic cookbooks and its future publication is keenly awaited. Trying to capture the essence of the Arab medieval cuisine in a short introduction is not an easy task. Nevertheless, Newman’s presentation of the topic, using various relevant sources, is comprehensive and full of valuable information.The core of the book, comprised of two parts, features Newman’s efforts to both translate and edit the original text. Newman’s fluent and meticulous translation is directing the interested reader to find equivalents in other cookbooks or sources, and mainly in Kanz. His editing of the text in Arabic, included on the verso pages, was anticipated because the text’s first edition contained some misreading of words and terms. The original text did not enumerate the recipes, and Newman’s choice to number them in this edition certainly eases navigation.The Book of Flowers is divided into 19 chapters, though not all originally enumerated. The author, Ibn Mubārak Shāh, an Egyptian scholar, chose recipes for the dishes he most preferred and organized them in a similar way to that of the anonymous Kanz: bread making, various ragout-style dishes, omelets, fish dishes, sweets, counterfeit (vegetarian) dishes, condiments, sauces, dairy dishes, pickles, and cold dishes. In addition to these, he found it appropriate to include, in the fashion of his times, cooking tips important for the cook to know—tricks for storing fruit, instructions on the preparation of toothpicks, formulas for perfumes, recipes for pills to sweeten the breath—in a total of 332 culinary and nonculinary recipes.This book is an essential primary source in Arabic cookery studies, thus Newman’s excellent publication contributes enormously to the field. Although it is a historic cookbook, and often its recipes do not include measures and quantities, amateur cooks and historical cooking enthusiasts could also enjoy testing and concocting this book’s dishes. It is a long-awaited addition to the field, and as the author himself promises (xvi, j), it nearly completes the mission of editing and translating the cookery literature existing today in Arabic.

Asās al-maqālāt fī qamʿ al-jahālāt: A Hitherto Unknown Zaydī Heresiography from Northern Iran

Abstract This paper revolves around a hitherto unknown heresiography from northern Iran, Asās al-maqālāt fī qamʿ al-jahālāt, which is preserved in a unique manuscript contained in a majmūʿa (Ms. Tehran, Majlis 10727). In the introduction, we describe the multitext codex, one of the few extant codices testifying to the continuous presence of Zaydism in northern Iran beyond the sixth/twelfth century. Additionally, we discuss two alternative tentative identifications of the author of Asās al-maqālāt, Abū Muḍar Shurayḥ b. al-Muʾayyad al-Muʾayyadī al-Shurayḥī and Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Shurayḥī al-Muʾayyadī. While the latter is entirely unknown, Abū Muḍar is renowned for his Asrār al-Ziyādāt, and we attempt to situate him more precisely in the chronology of Zaydī scholarship. Finally, we provide an editio princeps of Asās al-maqālāt fī qamʿ al-jahālāt.

A Unique Manuscript of the Shibanid Epoch from the Fund of the Center of the Written Heritage of Tajikistan

The article introduces the results of a preliminary study of the unique work, the Manaqib al-khulafa (The Virtues/Excellences of the Caliphs) compiled by Qawam ad-Din Muhammad al-Husaini alSanaujiradi al-Ziyaratgahi al-Harawi in 997/1588. This is a response to the protest message of the Shiites of Herat, who survived the siege and capture of the city by the Sunnis the Shibanid troops. The Manaqib recreates the early stages of the history of Islam before the split caused by the difference in the understanding of principles of the supreme political power (elective or hereditary) transfer and reveals the virtues of the four righteous caliphs. Fragments of the Quran and hadiths cited in the treatise present irrefutable evidence of the Sunnis superiority over Shiism. The treatise is an excellent example of polemical literature of bitter ideological struggle between two orthodoxies Sunni and Shiite and contains valuable information on the religious and political history of Eurasia in the premodern period.

Visitors visiting books: visitors’ books at the Library of Innerpeffray

ABSTRACT The Library of Innerpeffray, in rural Perthshire, is the oldest free public lending library in Scotland and contains unique manuscript records which are invaluable resources for the fields of library and tourism history. This article argues that two key developments contributed to Innerpeffray’s transformation from a lending library into a reference library and visitor attraction: the impact of one of the library’s patrons, Robert Hay Drummond, and the growth of tourism in mid-nineteenth-century Perthshire, within the wider development of Scottish tourism. Two sources are explored for the first time: annual reports sent to the Governors of Innerpeffray between 1891–1904 by the then-Keeper of Books, Mrs Christian Birnie; and the first volume of the library’s visitors’ books, which contains visitor details from 1859-97. The article presents some preliminary findings about inscribed locations, gender, and repeat visitors to emphasise the value of visitors’ books which primarily contain visitor details without additional commentary.

Who is the Native of the Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi?

The British Library, London, holds a unique manuscript copy of a Sanskrit text entitled Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi (MS London BL Or. 5259). This manuscript, consisting of 304 large-size folios, is lavishly illustrated and richly illuminated. The author, Durgāśaṅkara Pāṭhaka of Benares, attempted in this work to discuss all the systems of astronomy – Hindu, Islamic and European – around the nucleus of the horoscope of an individual personage. Strangely, without reading the manuscript, the authors Sudhākara Dvivedī in 1892, C. Bendall in 1902 and J. P. Losty in 1982, declared that the horoscope presented in this work was that of Nau Nihal Singh, the grandson of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore, and this has been the prevailing notion since then. The present paper refutes this notion and shows – on the basis of the relevant passages from the manuscript – that the real native of the horoscope is Lehna Singh Majithia, a leading general of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Micro-climate control for paper heritage as a way of preventive conservation in museums

Some of the museum collections are archival materials which include unique manuscripts (the 1st primary source of knowledge). They are our invaluable documentary heritage of the past that reflect the rich cultural heritage like literature, history and medicine…etc. and must be preserved because of being irreplaceable for present and future generations.Manuscripts are very sensitive materials that have to be preserved in a propermicro-climate showcases. They may rapidly deteriorate if they are put in bad conditions and might be lost forever. There are also additional factors rather than environmental control must be in consideration when thinking about manuscripts like light, security, vibration…etc. Micro-climate is simply the condition inside an enclosed space whether in the whole museum (large area) or in a showcase (small area). By creating airtight cases that regulate the climate in a specific volume around an artifact. It differs in humidity, temperature and air cleanliness from the surrounding environment and also mechanical stability. It is important in the preservation of irreplaceable priceless artifacts to minimize the deterioration. That’s why a controlled micro-climate keeps an ideal individual climate in a practical way than adjusting an entire exhibition, room or building climate.

Revisiting institutional stability: A systematic review and distillations of dominant modes

AbstractThe concept of institutional stability has been explored from multiple disciplinary lenses and is associated with a variety of theories and frameworks, masking important variation in the mechanisms and modes of institutional stability, and complicating our understanding of how and why institutions are maintained over time. This is particularly salient to questions of environmental governance, where the recent pace and magnitude of both political and environmental change necessitates more careful attention to the capacity of existing institutions to persist or adapt. Here, we conduct a systematic review to examine the treatment of institutional stability in the literature to determine whether dominant or consistent conceptualizations of institutional stability are present. Beginning with a list of 21 synonyms for stability as used in the literature, we assembled a raw dataset of 23,379 manuscripts in print or published between 1976 and August 2019. Papers were then screened to ensure a theoretical or empirical analysis of institutional stability, resulting in a final dataset of 165 unique manuscripts. From our review, we propose two separate axes—directionality and intentionality—upon which four separate modes of stability may be arrayed. Termed passive stability, active stability, intended inaction, and failed action, we find that each is characterized by distinct mechanisms and captures specific concepts detailed in the extant literature. Though we believe our typology to have the potential to provide for a more precise analysis of institutional stability and associated policy and resource outcomes, further research is necessary to demonstrate its applicability.

The monastic genealogy of Hoḫʷärwa monastery – a unique witness of Betä Ǝsraʾel historiography

During the course of a study of the manuscript tradition of the Betä Ǝsraʾel (Ethiopian Jews), the manuscript Jerusalem, National Library, Ms. Or. 87 came to light. This codex is a unique manuscript with several important elements that contribute to our knowledge of the history of the Betä Ǝsraʾel. Its by far most important feature are two short additional notes that I have come to call the Hoḫwärwa genealogy. This genealogy is the second piece of original pre-twentieth century Betä Ǝsraʾel historiography ever discovered, next to the text published by Leslau in 1946-47 as ‘A Falasha Religious Dispute.’ Taking the manuscript as a starting point, this article aims to cover topics such as the Betä Ǝsraʾel scribal tradition and aspects of their literature, their monasticism, the history of Hoḫwärwa monastery, and the history of the manuscript itself.

What Is the Role of Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules?

What Is the Role of Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules?

Die Handschrift des Digestum vetus aus der Bibliothek in Kórnik (BK 824). Vom ikonographischen Programm der mittelalterlichen Künstler zur Hypothese über die Unterrichtsmethode

The collection of the Kórnik Library includes the digestum vestus manuscript, the uniqueness of which is emphasized by art historians. There are two main reasons why it is unique. Firstly, because of the number of illuminations in the legal manuscript. Secondly, because of the confirmed fact that relevant part of illuminations was implementing an illustrative program. The paper starts with presenting the history of the manuscript. The main part of the paper focuses on the issues if and how the illustrative program has reflected the medieval teaching method based on the first 24 books of Justinian’s Digest (digestum vetus). The analysis of allocating the illuminations and links between illuminations and specific legal issues give rise to recognizing the main features of this method: central role of the tort (aquilian) liability, semi-systemic approach to the formation and performance of contract and marginal role of the texts related to legal method and general concepts of law at the beginning of the Digest. This hypothesis formulated on the basis of one, unique manuscript should inspire further debate about the fragmentary pragmatic nature of medieval law teaching based on the Digest.

Patient-Reported Cognitive Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery: A Descriptive Review.

A descriptive review was conducted to evaluate the evidence of cognitive patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following cardiac surgery. The search of electronic databases resulted in 400 unique manuscripts. Nine studies met the criteria to be part of the final review. Results of the review suggest that there are few validated PROMs that assess cognitive function in the cardiac surgical population. Furthermore, PROMs have not been used to assess overall cognitive function following cardiac surgery within the past decade. However, one domain of cognitive function—memory—was described, with up to half of patients reporting a decline postoperatively. Perceived changes in cognitive function may impact health-related quality of life and a patient’s overall view of the success of their surgery. Early identification of cognitive changes measured with PROMs may encourage earlier intervention and improve patient-centered care. In clinical practice, nurses may be in the best position to administer PROMs preoperatively and postoperatively.

Методи та інструменти популяризації Королівського Євангелія

The objective of the paper is to develop PR-tools for popularization of “Korolivske” Gospel – the unique manuscript dated by 1401, the original of which is preserved in the funds of the Transcarpathian Local Lore Museum. The manuscript with expressive features of the Old Ukrainian language, created in the westernmost region of the modern Ukraine, needs immediate restoration. Thus, development and application of tools for its popularization will promote wider awareness of the public of Transcarpathian region and Ukraine in general about its importance and can accelerate solution to the issue of its restoration and, consequently, preservation of an important part of the Ukrainian cultural heritage. The PR-tools include the following: creation of a story-legend, which might be the basis for various video works (from short informative videos targeted at different categories of persons to popular science film with researchers’ scientific comments about the manuscript); sharing them on social networks, as well as on the official pages of relevant ministries (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ministry of Culture of Ukraine), the websites of institutions of higher education, other educational institutions, on television; creation and use of sound advertising in public transport (cities, regions), print advertising in bookstores and at book exhibitions, etc., banner on billboards and lightboxes, on tourist portals with high attendance; an offer to take a picture opposite the decorations or original installations related to the cultural manuscript, with special hashtags with their further distribution on social networks and blogs; active cooperation with the media; active involvement of young people in manuscript promotion. The events conducted to disseminate information on various modern platforms, including online ones and using a number of PR-tools might expedite solution to the issue to restore the manuscript, as well as to popularize it qualitatively. The study used the cultural-historical method (to characterize the significance of “Korolivske” Gospel for Ukrainian culture), the descriptive method (to determine the methods and tools for popularization of the manuscript) and the method of generalization used to summarize the study.

Ahmad al-Yamani and the Timurid policy in the Eastern Caucasus

At the end of the first third of the 15th century, a prominent representative of the Muslim elite, a sayyid and theologian from Yemen, Ahmad al-Yamani (died in 1450), arrived in Dagestan and stopped in Kumukh, one of the major political centers of Mountainous Dagestan. He devoted the last two decades of his life to the spread and strengthening of Islam among the highlanders. Since that time, Kumukh turned into a large Muslim center and the “internal” Islamization of the mountain tribes began. The result of all this activity in Kumukh was that almost all of Dagestan was islamized by the end of 16th century. Researchers have presented different versions of Ahmad al-Yamani’s arrival in Dagestan. The version that he arrived in Dagestan on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo to Islamize the non-Muslim peoples of Dagestan was considered the most widespread in the academic environment. A unique manuscript of the 15th century, which was recently discovered, belonging to the pen of al-Yamani, called “At-Tuhfa al-Ulugbekiyya / Ulugbek’s gift”, contains new valuable material about the life of al-Yamani. He wrote it as a gift for Ulugbek (the ruler of Maverannahr and Shahrukh’s son), while he was in the Timurid emirate. The manuscript’s material was translated by the author and introduced into scientific use for the first time. The studied material, as well as other Arabic-language sources of the 15th — 19th centuries, allow us to assert that al-Yamani’s arrival was inspired by Shahrukh, and the mission was not only Islamization, but also strengthening and extending Timurids’ positions in the Western Caspian region, which was one of the political and military interests of the Timurids’ opponents — the Kara-Koyunlu Turkoman confederation.

Inside View of Carville: Oral Histories of Patients and Staff from the Last United States Leprosarium

Inadequate education and treatment access make Hansen’s disease a global problem. Carville, LA, was an internationally renowned USDHHS Hansen’s disease medical/treatment facility that found a cure. The purpose was to verify and summarize 28 archived oral histories of patients/staff from the National Hansen’s Disease Museum and record more. The procedure analyzed, classified, chronologized, and summarized unpublished oral histories validated by Garraghan’s historical methods. The verified category results were the stigma (contagion; fear; disfigurement) and human rights’ discriminations (quarantine law; pseudonyms; no marriage). This is a unique historical manuscript of patient/staff life at the last U.S. leprosarium for posterity and education.

Zaynaddīn Ibn al-ʿAǧamī’s (591–674/1195–1276) Kitāb iʿǧāz al-munāǧī fī l-alġāz wa-l-aḥāǧī: A Thirteenth-Century Arabic Riddle Book

Abstract This article presents a hitherto unnoted and unpublished thirteenth-century Arabic work on riddles. Zaynaddīn Ibn al-ʿAǧamī’s (591–674/1195–1276) Kitāb iʿǧāz al-munāǧī fī l-alġāz wa-l-aḥāǧī (The Confidant’s Bemusement: On Riddles and Charades) is the first surviving Arabic collection of literary riddles by a single author. The Aleppine littérateur and religious scholar Ibn al-ʿAǧamī composed this book for al-Malik an-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the last Ayyubid ruler of Aleppo and Damascus (r. 634–658/1236–1260). The work is an extensive collection of riddles in verse and prose. All the riddles were composed and subsequently solved and explained by Ibn al-ʿAǧamī himself. The book, which testifies to the popularity of this genre in Ayyubid Syria, survives in a unique manuscript that has been falsely catalogued as a copy of an earlier work on riddles. Despite its importance for the history of the Arabic literary riddle, its existence has therefore remained unknown.

Is the quality of reviews reflected in editors' and authors' satisfaction with peer review? A cross‐sectional study in 12 journals across four research fields

AbstractPerception of review quality by authors and editors may play a vital role in helping to keep the peer review process constructive. Comprehensive studies examining author and editor perceptions of reviews of manuscripts from different disciplines are rare. We assessed satisfaction of corresponding authors and opinions of editors with reviewer‐generated reports and reviewers' recommendations and checked whether there was association between authors' and editors' perceptions and recommendations in 12 Elsevier journals across four disciplines. We used a modified Review Quality Instrument (RQI) to measure review quality for 809 unique manuscripts from which we accessed 1,313 reviews and recommendations, 331 authors' perception of the review's helpfulness before editor's decision, and 541 editor's opinions regarding both review timeliness and impact on decision. Authors were most satisfied with reviews that recommended acceptance compared to revision or rejection. Reviews that recommended revisions had highest quality as reflected by the RQI. Authors highly rated their satisfaction with review constructiveness from natural sciences, and editors for the same subject also highly rated timeliness and reviews' influence on publication. Editors' opinion regarding the impact of review on their publication decision and RQI were associated. Our findings suggest that more constructive reviews may better guide the editorial decision‐making process.

Radiation Oncology Medical Student Formal Research Mentorship: Update on the Medical Student Summer Research Program

The Medical Student Summer Research Program (MSSRP) at our institution provides the opportunity for medical students to conduct 7-10 weeks of supported research between their first and second years in medical school. Interested students submit a research proposal in collaboration with a faculty mentor. The program includes sessions on responsible conduct of research, critical thinking, and presentation skills. Herein we report research output based on total publications and presentations from students who have participated in the MSSRP with a radiation oncology faculty mentor, as well as their future career choice. Since 2005, radiation oncology faculty have mentored 16 medical students on a variety of projects in the MSSRP. Data were collected on the total number of unique publications (manuscript or abstract) authored by these 16 students, number of publications with a student as the first author versus co-author, and for the 10 students who have graduated, what their residency choice was. Among the 16 students, 37 unique abstracts and 22 unique manuscripts have been presented or published, which represents a mean of 2.31 abstracts per student and 1.38 manuscripts per student, respectively. Of the 37 abstracts, 18 (48.6%) had a student as the first author, while out of the 22 manuscripts, 7 (31.8%) had a student as the first author. Furthermore, 27 abstracts had one student author, while 10 abstracts had two student authors. Sixteen manuscripts had one student author, while 6 had two student authors. None of the abstracts or manuscripts had three or more student authors. For abstracts, the distribution of co-authorships is as follows: 18 first authors, 9 second, 5 third, 5 fourth, 9 fifth, and 1 sixth. For manuscripts, the distribution of co-authorships is as follows: 7 first authors, 3 second, 10 third, 3 fourth, 2 fifth, 1 sixth, and 2 seventh. A total of 6 abstracts were selected for oral presentation at national conferences. Among the ten students who have graduated, 3 (30%) chose to pursue careers in radiation oncology, and the remaining students include 2 current medical oncology fellows, 2 internal medicine residents, 1 radiology resident, 1 dermatology resident, and 1 attending neurologist. Radiation oncology research mentorship via the MSSRP, a formal, funded summer program, has allowed for successful student research. Participation in the MSSRP is beneficial in promoting research skills that lead to future publications in the form of abstracts, oral presentations, and manuscripts. Radiation oncology faculty mentorship is productive for students entering both radiation oncology and non-radiation oncology residencies.

From the digital contentual facsimile of a globe map to a contemporaneous facsimile globe in 3D (The rebirth of Perczel’s globe)

Abstract. The final result of the Perczel Project was born after ten years of research at the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of Eötvös Loránd University by end 2019. The plan was to completely reconstruct Perczel’s giant globe. The globe, dated 1862, was made by László Perczel and it is now kept in the Map Room of the National Széchényi Library. It is a unique manuscript globe with a diameter of 127.5 cm, but its condition was very poor (several serious defects and illegible labels). In addition to the cartographic tasks by the Department, it was necessary to involve graphic designers and object restorers, model makers, a wood restorer, a coppersmith and an engraver; they were all coordinated by the Archiflex Studio. As a result of their collaboration such globes were born which most probably look like the original manuscript product looked almost 160 years ago. The facsimile was made in three copies.Before the Archiflex Studio started to organize the work, the Department created – by processing 800 photographs – a digital virtual 3D facsimile to register the state of the globe. This globe was entered into the Virtual Globes Museum (http://terkeptar.elte.hu/vgm). The original large-resolution photos were also used for making the segments of the digital contentual globe map between 2008 and 2012. This intensive work (with the cooperation of several BSc, MSc and PhD students of cartography) produced a series of digitally recreated segments of the globe map, which were redrawn, recoloured, and registered the legible letters. The digital contentual facsimile was used to prepare the virtual 3D model, which was also placed in the Virtual Globes Museum in 2012.The work on the globe at the Department ceased in 2012–13, but continued in a half-year project in 2019, before the start of the actual physical reconstruction. The project was undertaken by Mátyás Márton, the head of the former Perczel Poject. The work meant that the digital contentual facsimile completed in 2012 had to be further processed: namely, the digital reconstruction of the globe map. Various cartographic challenges had to be solved to accomplish this task:The possible sources had to be identified: those maps and atlases had to be found that Perczel may have used for the preparation of his globe. The collected publications were compared to the easily readable parts of the globe; in this way, it was possible to select those that were probably used. These sources were considered basic sources for further work.The selected sources made it possible to achieve two goals: first, to complete the letters of place names that were partly illegible, and second, to add the graphical elements to those parts of the globe that had been completely destroyed.There was only limited time to carry out the above tasks, and at the same time, we had to serve those who were working on the production of the three facsimile globes under the direction of the artistic director of the project.This paper gives only an outline of the events of the progress of the digital recreation, that is the digital (virtual) contentual facsimile of the globe at the Department in the past more than ten years. It gives details on the cartographic tasks needed before the physical reconstruction. This made it possible to make the digital restoration and digital reconstruction of the globe map as complete as possible. As a result, it also became possible to prepare the virtual 3D model of the content of the reconstructed facsimile globe. In comparison to the state of the globe in 2012, altogether 2,872 graphical elements and 3,252 place name amendments and corrections were made in the project. Hill shading was added or completed on 318 places – mostly on the damaged parts. Further, the content of the badly damaged calendar ring was explored. (The study and reconstruction of the artistic drawing of the signs of the zodiac was done by a designer-graphic artist.) It is a cartographic interest that the points of the compass were written in old-style Hungarian words on the calendar frame (horizon ring), which are not used today.Finally, the authors present the contemporaneous facsimiles in their physical form, which is the result of the project coordinated by the Archiflex Studio (the 3D models can be seen in the VGM). The completion of these facsimiles makes this work of art – known as Perczel’s globe in map history – a common property representing great scientific and cultural value.