Unique Identification Number Research Articles

Security and Privacy Analysis in Internet of Things

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to make all electronic devices smart, connected and capable of functioning together seamlessly courtesy of a worldwide network that links virtual elements with physical ones. Every IoT item in this network has a unique identification number to indicate its position in this system. In addition, connectivity is important for effective coordination with some low-tech gadgets. In this chapter, we shall be discussing the relevant IoT systems and security issues related to them including privacy, security attacks, means of securing IoT environments as well as appropriate models for privacy and security in IoT. This paper looks at various privacy concerns as well as security problems that emanate from the internet of things like data breaches, identity thefts and unauthorized entries. Finally, it also discusses multiple approaches that can be adopted to minimize these risks such as using techniques like data protection, access control and encryption etc. Keywords Internet of Things (IoT), Data Privacy, Physical security, Device Access

Building IPv6 addressing scheme using Hybrid Duplicate Address Detection to prevent Denial of Service Attack

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address configuration is needed to meet the needs of current portable devices and wearable applications, where each device needs its own unique identification number. High complexity in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) environments has increased challenges, such as low energy consumption and high overhead in IPv6 address configuration. The proposed IPv6 generation is based on a hybrid mathematical approach that retains the IP address’s confidentiality and prevents Denial of Service (DoS) attacks from new and existing nodes in the network. In this paper, the proposed hybrid protocol for DoS attacks from new and existing nodes is analyzed. It is evident from the results that the rate of successful configuration, overhead, and energy consumption is found to be better than the existing approach, namely, Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors Duplicate Address Detection (P4DAD), match prevention technique, etc.

Lung cancer among the Elderly in Denmark – A comprehensive population-based cohort study

ObjectiveLung cancer primarily occurs in the elderly with a median age at diagnosis in Denmark of 73 years. However, elderly patients are under-represented in clinical trials as well as in screening studies. In this study, we aim to characterize elderly patients with lung cancer and explore the diagnostic intensity, treatment patterns, and survival. MethodPatients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2014 and 2017 according to the Danish Cancer Registry, and with clinical information in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry were included. Patient information was linked by the unique social identification number to information from Statistics Denmark. ResultsWe included n = 17,835 patients in this study, of whom 2,871 (16.1 %) were 80 years or older. Fewer elderly patients had lung biopsies (47 % vs 53 %) or mediastinal procedures (34 % vs 26 %), compared to the younger patients (p < 0.001). Fewer elderly patients had treatment registration (60 % vs 85 %), and fewer received treatment with curative intent (23 % vs 42 %) compared to patients younger than 80 years (p < 0.001). The elderly patients had 2.1 (CI 95 % 1.9 – 2.2) times higher odds of dying within 12 months after diagnosis than younger patients. ConclusionThe diagnostic intensity among lung cancer patients aged eighty years or above is lower compared to younger patients. Being elderly is associated with not undergoing surgical treatment or treatment with curative intent. Across all treatment groups, being older than eighty years of age was associated with an adverse prognosis.

Finger Print and NFC Base Secure Authentication For Safe Lock

This paper proposes an idea on developing a Near Field Communication (NFC) Smart Lock System that utilizes a smart phone’s on-board NFC chip as a method to unlock a door. Access is regulated using a NFC Smart Card which runs a simple user interface that allows an Administrator to grant or deny entry to any particular user. The goal for this project was to give access to particular user. Access will be given to the user by using NFC Smart Card. Every NFC Smart Card contains Unique Identification (UID) Number, by using UID we grant or deny entry to user.

The Danish Aging and Cognition (DanACo) cohort

BackgroundWith aging populations worldwide, identification of predictors of age-related cognitive decline is becoming increasingly important. The Danish Aging and Cognition Cohort (DanACo) including more than 5000 Danish men was established to investigate predictors of age-related cognitive decline from young adulthood to late mid-life.Construction and contentThe DanACo cohort was established through two separate data collections with identical designs involving a follow-up examination in late mid-life of men for whom intelligence test scores were available from their mandatory conscription board examination. The cohort consists of 5,183 men born from 1949 through 1961, with a mean age of 20.4 years at baseline and a mean age of 64.4 years at follow-up. The baseline measures consisted of height, weight, intelligence test score and educational level collected at the conscription board examination. The follow-up assessment consisted of a re-administration of the same intelligence test and a comprehensive questionnaire covering socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, and health-related factors. The data were collected in test sessions with up to 24 participants per session. Using the unique personal identification number assigned to all Danes, the cohort has been linked to data from national administrative and health registers for prospectively collected data on socioeconomic and health-related factors.Utility and discussionThe DanACo cohort has some major strengths compared to existing cognitive aging cohorts such as a large sample size (n = 5,183 men), a validated global measure of cognitive ability, a long retest interval (mean 44.0 years) and the availability of prospectively collected data from registries as well as comprehensive questionnaire data. The main weakness is the low participation rate (14.3%) and that the cohort consists of men only.ConclusionCognitive decline is a result of a summary of factors across the life-course. The DanACo cohort is characterized by a long retest interval and contains data on a wealth of factors across adult life which is essential to establish evidence on predictors of cognitive decline. Moreover, the size of the cohort ensures sufficient statistical power to identify even relatively weak predictors of cognitive decline.

Health-related quality of life among patients with esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Despite the advancement of modern treatment approaches, several studies indicated a diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, there is insufficient data about the HRQoL of gastrointestinal cancer patients in Kenya. The study aimed to investigate HRQoL and its determinants in gastrointestinal cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital. A cross-sectional study was employed among 160 esophageal, 103 gastric, and 96 colorectal cancer patients. The patient list, identified by unique hospital identification numbers, was obtained from records. Eligibility was assessed based on predetermined criteria, and the hospital identification numbers were reshuffled. Study participants were then randomly selected daily during the data collection period. Data were collected using a researcher-administered European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire. The data entry and analysis were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26.0 statistical software. A bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate determinants of HRQoL at a 0.05 level of significance. Most esophageal (N = 118, 73.7%), gastric (N = 75, 72.8%), and colorectal (N = 72, 75%) cancer patients had poor overall HRQoL. In the social (p = .04) and cognitive (p = .02) domain of HRQoL, esophageal cancer patients had a significantly lower mean score as compared to gastric cancer patients. Colorectal cancer patients had the highest mean score in physical functioning (p = .01) as compared with gastric cancer patients. Nonetheless, gastric cancer patients had the highest mean score in emotional functioning domains of quality of life as compared to esophageal (p = .04) and colorectal (p < .001) cancer patients The study revealed a low mean HRQoL score in the majority of the symptom domains of quality of life. A statistically significant difference in all domains of HRQoL was not observed in various treatment modalities of gastrointestinal cancer. Advanced-stage (stages III and IV) and co-morbidities were significant determinants of poor HRQoL. The overall HRQoL of gastrointestinal cancer patients was poor. Advanced-stage cancer and co-morbidities were significant determinants of poor HRQoL. Therefore, intensification of routine monitoring of the disease and the treatments should be actively implemented to improve the HRQoL.

Cohort profile: The Health, Food, Purchases and Lifestyle (SMIL) cohort – a Danish open cohort

PurposeThe Health, Food, Purchases and Lifestyle (SMIL) cohort is a prospective open Danish cohort that collects electronic consumer purchase data, which can be linked to Danish nationwide administrative health and...

A critical survey of the security and privacy aspects of the Aadhaar framework

Aadhaar is an identification document issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to the residents of India. It contains a 12-digit unique identification number (known as the Aadhaar number) and personal details such as name, address, date of birth and biometric data. The biometric data captured for Aadhaar includes fingerprints, facial images and iris scans, which are unique to each individual. The Aadhaar data is used for entity authentication while accessing various government services, availing subsidies, opening bank accounts and conducting other identity-dependent transactions. Thus, the Aadhaar framework provides efficient authentication services in India's public delivery systems. Although UIDAI has implemented stringent security measures such as encryption, access controls and regular audits of the system, the use of Aadhaar has raised several concerns regarding privacy and data security aspects. In this regard, only a handful of studies discuss the security challenges related to Aadhaar. Furthermore, the Aadhaar framework itself is always evolving, thus making prior studies less informative. This paper describes in detail the security features of the Aadhaar card while emphasizing the security challenges involving demographic and biometric data. We have also outlined the preventive measures that can be enforced to secure these data. Finally, this study investigates possible linkage attacks that could occur when different databases are linked for Aadhaar-enabled public schemes. Hence, our work summarizes the security and privacy implications of the Aadhaar infrastructure from a holistic perspective. We believe that our work would be useful for security professionals and policy makers engaged in designing large-scale authentication frameworks.

Prescription of Opioid Analgesics for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in Germany despite Contraindications: Administrative Claims Data Analysis.

In Germany, long-term opioid treatment (L-TOT) for chronic non-tumor pain (CNTP) is discussed as not being performed according to the German guideline on L-TOT for CNTP. In the present analysis, the occurrence and predictors of inappropriate care/overuse in a cohort of German insureds with L-TOT for CNTP by the presence of a contraindication with concurrent opioid analgesic (OA) therapy were investigated. We also analyzed whether prescribing physicians themselves diagnosed a contraindication. The retrospective cohort study was based on administrative claims data from a German statutory health insurance. Eight contraindication groups were defined based on the German guideline. Logistic regressions were performed in order to identify predictors for OA prescriptions despite contraindications. The possible knowledge of the prescribing physician about the contraindication was approximated by analyzing concordant unique physician identification numbers of OA prescriptions and contraindication diagnoses. A total of 113,476 individuals (75% female) with a mean age of 72 years were included. The most common documented contraindications were primary headaches (8.7%), severe mood disorders (7.7%) and pain in somatoform disorders (4.5%). The logistic regressions identified a younger age, longer history of OA therapy, opioid related psychological problems, and outpatient psychosomatic primary care as positive predictors for all contraindication groups.

Five-Year Survival Analysis and Causes of Late Deaths of Infants Admitted to the Tertiary Newborn Intensive Care in Latvia.

Background and Objectives: Studies on long-term survival following admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiology, five-year survival, and causes of late death of infants admitted to the only tertiary NICU in Latvia. Materials and Methods: The study population included all newborns admitted to the Children's Clinical University Hospital (CCUH) NICU from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. The unique national identity numbers from the infants or their mothers were used to link the CCUH electronic medical records to the Medical Birth Register and the Database of Causes of Death of Inhabitants of Latvia maintained by The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia. Results: During the study period, a total of 2022 patients were treated in the tertiary NICU. The average admission rate was 18.9 per 1000 live births per year. One hundred and four patients (5.1%) died in the tertiary NICU before hospital discharge. A total of 131 (6.5%) patients from the study cohort died before 12 months of age and 143 (7.1%) before 5 years of age. Patients with any degree of prematurity had a lower five-year mortality (0.9%, 9 out of 994 discharged alive) than term infants (3.2%, 30 out of 924 discharged alive; p < 0.001). Of the 39 patients who died after discharge from the NICU, the most common causes of death were congenital heart disease 35.9% (n = 14), multiple congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities 17.9% (n = 7), cerebral palsy 10.3% (n = 4), and viral infections 7.7% (n = 3). Conclusions: We observed increased mortality up to five years following NICU admission in both premature and term infants. These findings will help to guide the NICU follow-up programme.

Does integration with national registers improve the data completeness of local COVID-19 contact tracing tools? A register-based study in Norway, May 2020 - September 2021

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 response in Norway, many municipalities used the Fiks contact tracing tool (FiksCT) to register positive individuals and follow-up contacts. This tool is based on DHIS2, an open source, web-based platform. In this study we examined if data completeness in FiksCT improved after integration with national registers between May 2020 and September 2021.MethodsData from municipalities using FiksCT was extracted from the Norwegian Emergency Preparedness Register for COVID-19 (Beredt C19). We linked FiksCT data to the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS), the National Population Register (FREG), and the Norwegian Vaccine Registry (SYSVAK) using unique identification numbers (ID). Completeness for each variable linked with a national register was calculated before and after integration with these registers.ResultsOf the 125 municipalities using FiksCT, 87 (69.6%) agreed to share and upload their data to Beredt C19. Data completeness for positive individuals improved after integration with national registers. After integration with FREG, the proportion of missing values decreased from 12.5 to 1.6% for ID, from 4.5 to 0.9% for sex, and from 1.2 to 0.4% for date of birth. Missing values for vaccine type decreased from 63.0 to 15.2% and 39.3–36.7% for first and second dose, respectively. In addition, direct reporting from FiksCT to MSIS increased the proportion of complete records in MSIS (on the selected variables) from 68.6% before to 77.0% after integration.ConclusionThe completeness of local contact tracing data can be improved by enabling integration with established national registers. In addition, providing the option to submit local data to the national registers could ease workload and reduce the need to collect duplicate data.

MehNet: a vigesimal-based model by amino acid melting points generates unique ID numbers for protein sequences

The amino acid encoding plays a pivotal role in machine learning-based methods for predicting protein structure and function, as well as in protein mapping techniques. Additionally, the classification of protein sequences presents its own challenges. The current study aims to assign a constant value to each amino acid, thereby creating distinctions among protein sequences. The datasets used in this study were obtained from the UniProt Knowledgebase. Subsequently, these datasets underwent preprocessing steps, and identical sequences were categorized under the same headings. Each amino acid was ranked based on its respective melting point and was assigned a vigesimal digit. These generated vigesimal digits were subsequently converted to decimal values. The centerpiece of this methodology was the me lting point h ashi n g t able, which was given the name ‘MehNet’. Ultimately, each protein sequence was assigned a unique identification number. This approach successfully digitized protein sequences. Notably, experiments involving randomly distributed vigesimal digits for amino acids did not yield results as promising as those achieved with MehNet. The model’s classification phase, which utilizes a k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier, demonstrates exceptional performance in miscellaneous viral sequences. It achieves high accuracy rates, with an overall accuracy of 99.75%. Notably, it achieves an outstanding accuracy of 99.92% for the Influenza C class, highlighting its ability to distinguish closely related viral sequences. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Estimation of the Parasitic Burden of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Among Pregnant Women in the Maharashtra State of India Using qPCR: A Community-Based Study.

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are widespread in developing countries with inadequate sanitation facilities. These infections can lead to malnutrition, anemia, and other complications that can negatively impact both the mother's and fetus's health during pregnancy. This study aimed to estimate the burden of STH by Kato-Katz microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in pregnant women from rural India. The diagnostic accuracy of these two methods was also compared. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Wardha district of Maharashtra state. We randomly selected and interviewed 688 pregnant women. A total of 534 (77.61%) participants gave stool samples. Two containers (60 mL) labeled with a unique identification number were given to pregnant women to collect stool samples for Kato-Katz microscopy and qPCR. Stool specimens were transported to an accredited lab and examined within 24 hours. Suitable examinations were conducted to compare sensitivity between two tests. The results are presented for 534 participants who gave stool samples. The prevalence of any STH by Kato-Katz stool microscopy was 6.55% (95%CI 4.46-12.19), and that by qPCR was 20.41 (95%CI 17.53-29.40). The sensitivity of Kato-Katz microscopy was 29.17% compared to sensitivity of 90.83% by qPCR (P = 0.001). Pregnant women with STH infection have a significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy, and the majority were either mild or moderate anemic compared to those without STH. The study highlighted significant differences in prevalence of STH among pregnant women by Kato-Katz microscopy and qPCR. The sensitivity of qPCR for detecting STH was higher than that of Kato-Katz microscopy.

Effects of thyroid hormones modify the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and GDM: evidence from a mediation analysis.

Conflicting associations have been noted between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with indications that pre-pregnancy BMI might influence these relationships. This study aims to examine the effect of thyroid hormone indices and their mediation role on the risk of GDM. Pregnant women in our study were recruited from the Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, Zhejiang Province, China. Participants who had their first prenatal follow-up and measured thyroid biomarkers in the first trimester, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) records in the second trimester were eligible for inclusion in this study. The data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record System database, at Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital. Maternal information about sociodemographic and health-related characteristics was extracted from the dataset. A unique personal identification number was provided to link both datasets. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the correlations between thyroid hormone indices with GDM. The interaction effects of first-trimester thyroid hormone indices with pre-pregnancy BMI on GDM risk using a generalized linear regression model. Furthermore, the mediation analysis was used to explore the potential mediating effects of thyroid hormone indices on the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM. Overall, 5895 pregnant women were included in this study. The first-trimester FT4, thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyrotropin index (TSHI) and thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) levels were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG2H) in the second trimester (all P<0.05); FT3 and the FT3-to-FT4 ratio levels were positively associated with PBG1H and PBG2H in the second trimester (all P<0.05). Moreover, there were significant correlations between the highest quartile FT4, FT3, FT3-to-FT4 ratio, TSHI, and TFQI with GDM (all P < 0.05). The mediating effect of thyroid hormone parameters was 24.9% on the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM. In conclusion, the low FT4, high FT3-to-FT4 ratio, and low TFQI in the first trimester significantly increase the risk of GDM and should be given more attention. Furthermore, increased pre-pregnancy BMI might partially increase the risk of GDM by influencing the body's thyroid function.

SCIENTIST PROFILE IN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS AS AN INDICATOR OF PUBLICATION ACTIVITY OF A SCIENTIST: THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

The article deals with the features of international identification systems of scientists. The author analyzes the profile of a scientist tied to a single unique number identifier as the most important criterion for identifying scientific articles of the author in databases of scientific citation. The directions of activity of the Scientific Library of the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, which are aimed at to increase the indicators of publication activity and citations by providing information support of university scientists, popularization of the achievements of leading scientists. Conclusions. The system of accounting for scientific publications in an organization involves: identifying all author identifiers in the main scientific citation systems; combining information into a single profile with a unique identification number of each system; displaying indexed scientific publications in the ORCID system (author responsibility), and actively involving researchers in the work of reputable international professional social networks. It is proved that the formation of a package of new services provided by the Scientific Library: assistance in in the preparation of manuscripts according to the requirements of publishers; consulting on the state of the author's profile in various scientometric systems; selection of scientific journals for publication of research; maintaining retrospective and current information on the publications of higher education institutions contribute to increasing the publication activity of university researchers.

Met and unmet prison-based treatment needs for people who are incarcerated with a history of substance use disorder: A nationwide cohort study

BackgroundSubstance use disorders (SUD) are highly prevalent among incarcerated people. However, in some prisons, only a small percentage of those who need treatment receive it. The aims of this study were to examine coverage of treatment for SUD in Danish prisons and assess whether treatment differed by substance class. Further, we examined factors associated with receiving treatment for SUD, and types of services received. Data and methodsWe linked multiple Danish register data using unique personal identification numbers. This study retrospectively analysed data for 49,330 individuals (aged 18–90) incarcerated in Danish prisons between 2008 and 2018. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to predict enrolment in treatment for SUD in prison. ResultsOf incarcerated people with a history of SUD, 34.6 % received treatment care during incarceration. We observed only minor variations in terms of substance classes concerning the type of treatment. Those who were women, immigrants, had higher education, or were married were less likely to receive treatment. ConclusionsImproving access and increasing treatment coverage in the Danish Prison and Probation Services is crucial to reduce the burden of SUD in incarcerated populations.

Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps in the Danish population: A large nationwide register-based cohort study

Abstract Background and study aims Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps (SPs) include hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated lesions-/+dysplasia (SSL/SSL-D), and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). From 20% to 30% of colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from SP. We present incidence and baseline characteristics of SP in a Danish cohort. Patients and methods We used The Danish Pathology Registry to include all SPs in the Danish population from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. Based on the unique Danish personal identification number and SNOMED-codes, combined with the age and sex of patients, and date of procedure, we determined the incidence of the SP subtypes, anatomical location, and changes over time. Results During the period from 2000 to 2021, a total of 292,761 SPs were removed from 163,840 patients: 51,649 SSLs, 5959 SSL-Ds, 224,860 HDs, and 10,293 TSAs. The median age of patients was 64.1 years (range 55.2–71.6) and 53.3% were male. We found a general increase in SPs from 3525 in 2000 to 25,853 in 2021 and a rise in the SSL proportion from 1.7% in 2006 to 38% in 2021. Half of all patients had more than one lesion at endoscopy with conventional adenomas being the most common. CRC was found along with SPs in 3.3% of procedures, while 1% to 2.5% of the patients developed metachronous CRC. Conclusions We found an increasing number of SPs, especially SSLs. From 2019 to 2021 the number of SPs seem to stabilize, while the proportion of SSLs keeps rising. Synchronous lesions were common along all subtypes of SP.

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring's Risk for Bone Fracture in Childhood and Adolescence.

Conditions during gestation, such as maternal smoking, may affect offspring's bone structure. This could increase the offspring's risk of bone fractures during childhood. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and childhood bone fracture risk. We used a register-based birth cohort that included all children born in Finland between January 1987 and September 1990. After exclusions, the final study population consisted of 220,699 persons. Using a unique national identification number, we linked the cohort data to the fracture diagnosis in specialty care and covariate data using the Medical Birth Register (MBR), Statistics Finland and Care Register for Health Care (CRHC). The fractures were analyzed in three groups: all fractures, non-high-energy fractures, and high-energy fractures. The analyses were adjusted for sex, parity, child's year of birth, mother's age at childbirth, mother's and father's educational level, and mother's fracture status. We tested the association in three age groups: <1 year, 1-<5 years, and 5-<15 years using Cox and (recurrent fractures) Poisson regression. A total of 18,857 (8.5%) persons had at least one bone fracture diagnosis before the age of 15 years. In the age group 5-<15 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher fracture risk in all of the studied fracture groups: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.17) in all fractures, 1.13 (95% CI 1.07-1.19) in non-high-energy, and 1.15 (95% CI 1.00-1.32) in high-energy fractures. There were no significant associations in other age groups in any of the fracture groups. No statistically significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's risk of recurrent fractures was found. In conclusion, 5- to 15-year-olds whose mothers have smoked during pregnancy have an increased risk of bone fractures treated in specialty care. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Bias Cuts and Data Dumps

Bias Cuts and Data Dumps

Social Services Post-discharge and Their Association With Readmission in a 2016 Swedish Geriatric Cohort

ObjectivesTo describe the social services received by a 2016 Swedish cohort after discharge from inpatient geriatric care and to analyze the association between level of social services post-discharge and 30-day readmission. DesignObservational, closed-cohort study. Setting and ParticipantsAll patients admitted to 1 of 3 regionally operated inpatient geriatric care settings in Region Stockholm, Sweden, in 2016 (n = 7453). MethodsIndividual-level data from medical records and population registries were linked using unique personal identification numbers. Descriptive statistics were reported for 4 levels of municipal social services post-discharge: long-term care, 1 to 50 home help hours per month, >50 home help hours per month, and no home help. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between level of social services post-discharge and 3 outcomes within 30 days: readmission, death without readmission, or neither readmission nor death. ResultsResults show that almost 11% of patients were discharged to long-term care and 54% received municipal home help services. Individuals with no municipal home help or with 1 to 50 hours per month were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days compared with those in long-term care. Living with more than 50 hours of help was not associated with an increased likelihood of 30-day readmission. Conclusions and ImplicationsPatients who received inpatient geriatric care are significant users of municipal social services post-discharge. Living in long-term care or with extensive home help appears to be a protective factor in preventing readmission compared with more limited or no home help services. Care transitions for this frail patient group require careful social care planning. Supporting individuals discharged with fewer social service hours may help reduce readmissions.