Unique Idea Research Articles

Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new way for OVA-induced atopic dermatitis of juvenile mice

Children all over the world suffer from atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent condition that impairs their health. Corticosteroids, which have long-term negative effects, are frequently used to treat AD. There has been a growing body of research on the gut microbiota’s function in AD. Nevertheless, the function and underlying mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in AD children remain to be established. Therefore, in order to assess the preventive effects of FMT treatment on AD and investigate the mechanisms, we constructed an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced juvenile mouse AD model in this investigation. This study explored the role and mechanism of FMT treatment in AD through 16S RNA sequencing, pathological histological staining, molecular biology, and Flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that the FMT treatment improved the gut microbiota’s diversity and composition, bringing it back to a level similar to that of a close donor. Following FMT treatment, OVA-specific antibodies were inhibited, immunoglobulin (Ig) E production was decreased, the quantity of mast cells and eosinophils was decreased, and specific inflammatory markers in the skin and serum were decreased. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FMT treatment induced CD103+ DCs and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression in skin-draining lymph nodes and promoted Treg production to induce immune tolerance and suppress skin inflammation. Meanwhile, changes in the gut microbiota were substantially correlated with Th2 cytokines, OVA-specific antibodies, and PD-L1/PD-1. In conclusion, FMT regulates the Th1/Th2 immunological balance and the gut microbiota. It may also inhibit AD-induced allergy responses through the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, and providing a unique idea and possibly a fresh approach to the treatment of AD.

Suma Jakaña: Interacción Socio-Ética Familiar y Comunitaria Aimara

Objective: Describe, identify and interpret the manifestations of the sum jakaña in its dimension of socio-ethical family and community interaction expressed in the daily life of the Aymara population, district of Acora. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework used is the concepts and definition of Good Living and Living Well, the etymology and linguistic analysis of the terms sum qamaña, sumq kawsay, sum jakaña. Method: The research has been approached through the qualitative approach, ethnographic method, in-depth interview techniques and participant observation. Results and Discussion: For families and community members, the sum jakaña is manifested in harmonious marital, interfamilial, community, intercommunity interactions, in the integrative relationship of the human being with his natural environment, deities and the deceased, processes that are fluid by ethical values. morals, such as the reciprocity practiced in agricultural-pastoral work, in the celebrations of social and vital events. Research implications: Aymara families in yesteryear practiced various customs related to cooperation, “The word sums jakaña; It means that we live well, we die well. So we must understand the Aymaras as a “great Aymara family” or a “great Aymara community”, united by language, by community norms, by ethical-moral principles, by cosmolife. The sum jakaña will serve as a model of life to be followed by generations worldwide. Originality/Value: This research work is original first-hand, the informants were selected for their wisdom and experience; the same one that has been worked in a context of coexistence and collective participation resorting to the same source in the customary festive activities of the community, therefore, it is subjected to its own work with a unique idea.

Structural phase transition and potential superconductivity initiated by pressure-driven in 1T–CrSe2

The exploration of the superconducting properties of antiferromagnetic parent compounds containing transition metals under pressure provides a unique idea for finding and designing superconducting materials with better performance. In this paper, the close relationship between the possible superconductivity and structure phase transition of the typical van der Waals layered material 1 T–CrSe2 induced by pressure is studied by means of electrical transport and x-ray diffraction for the first time. We introduce the possibility of pressure-induced superconductivity at 20 GPa, with a critical T c of approximately at 4 K. The superconductivity persists up to the highest measured pressure of 70 GPa, with a maximum T c ∼ 5 K at 24 GPa. We observed a structure phase transition from P-3 m1 to C2/m space group in the range of 9.4–11.7 GPa. The results show that the structural phase transition leads to the metallization of 1 T–CrSe2 and the further pressure effect makes the superconductivity appear in the new structure. The material undergoes a transition from a two-dimensional layered structure to a three-dimensional structure under pressure. This is the first time that possible superconductivity has been observed in 1 T–CrSe2.

In situ construction of metal organic framework derived FeNiCoSe@NiV-LDH polymetallic heterostructures for high energy density hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials

Metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives as supercapacitor electrodes are limited by their poor conductivity and capacitance properties. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the performance by constructing a rational structure. Here, MIL-88A is converted into a unique hollow heterostructure FeNiCoSe@NiV layered double hydroxide (FeNiCoSe@NiV-LDH, simplified as FNCS@NVL) by a simple ion-exchange combined with co-precipitation technique. The Ni-Co ratio is modulated by an intermediate optimization strategy. Owing to the multi-metal sites and the unique structure, the designed FNCS@NVL shows excellent electrochemical properties as expected. It exhibits excellent specific capacity (1964.4 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1) and capacitance retention (82.1 % at 10,000 cycles) at three-electrode setup. In addition, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled by FNCS@NVL as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode also exhibits a high energy density of 71.9 W h·kg−1 at a power density of 800.01 W·kg−1. These results demonstrate that the designed FNCS@NVL complex is an excellent energy storage material and further validate the great potential of polymetallic materials in energy storage. It provides a unique idea for constructing supercapacitors with high energy density and power density.

Dimerized small molecule donor enables efficient ternary organic solar cells

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are the feasible and efficient strategy to achieve the high-performance OSCs. It is of great significance to develop a superior third component candidate for constructing efficient ternary OSCs. In this work, we intelligently designed and synthesized a dimerized small molecule donor by connecting two asymmetric small molecule donors with the vinyl group, which is named DSMD-βV. This innovative oligomeric molecule DSMD-βV not only exhibits the complementary absorption and the cascade energy level arrangement with PM6 and BTP-eC9, but also regulates the phase separation micromorphology based on PM6:BTP-eC9. Consequently, PM6:DSMD-βV:BTP-eC9 based ternary device exhibits the improved exciton dissociation, charge transport and decreased recombination, thus achieving a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.26 %, surpassing PM6:BTP-eC9 based binary (17.63 %). This work indicates that the dimerized small molecule donor is able to become a promising third component candidate, which also opens up a unique idea for the construction of efficient ternary organic solar cells.

Electrochemical determination of dopamine by poly (methyl orange) shape memory alloy modified carbon paste electrode

We have successfully prepared 50Ni-30Ti-20Hf shape memory alloy powders using a high-energy planetary ball mill for 20 h by wet milling. The fabricated shape memory alloy powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the phases present and the morphology of the powders respectively. The use of 50Ni-30Ti-20Hf (nitinol) shape memory alloy powders as electro-catalytic materials is a unique and new idea. We are the first researchers to use nitinol powders as dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensors. For better electrochemical oxidation and higher current response of DA, we have electro-polymerized the surface of nitinol-modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) with methyl orange (MO). Using poly(MO)-NiTiHf-MCPE, we have determined the DA using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) respectively. The calculated active surface area for BCPE, NiTiHf-MCPE, and the poly(MO)-NiTiHf-MCPE were found to be 0.044, 0.089, and 0.098 cm2 respectively. The electro-polymerized nitinol MCPE not only increased the surface area but also increased the electron transfer kinetics. Our results confirmed the participation of 2 electrons and 2 protons in the electrochemical redox reaction.

Unique Idea: Using the KliniTray "Breast Board" for Immobilization of Digital Amputates During Replantation.

The KliniTray "breast board" used by many oncological breast surgeons is an innovative idea to succor microsurgical digital replantation. This piece of sterile equipment is readily available and provides excellent immobilization and retraction of the skin of digital amputates with minimal trauma. The fine metal pins are the key to its efficacy. They provide the flexibility to alter the position of the amputated part and alter the retraction of skin edges as many times as necessary. The construct acts as a tremor-free assistant for a single surgeon to efficiently prepare the amputated part of a digit, saving time including expensive theatre time.

Novel design of composite broad-crested weir for determining open-channel emissions.

The current study deals with a composite broad-crested weir which is specially designed with the unique idea for a 'constant discharge coefficient (Cd) of 0.6'. It is investigated experimentally and numerically. The available designs of the weir are unable to give constant Cd over a wide range of discharge as 'Cd' itself is relative to the head over the weir crest. Therefore an attempt is made to restrict Cd value to 0.6 irrespective of the variable head on the weir crest. This is achieved by adjusting the widths of the weir. With the novel objective, Cd is frozen to constant value and instead of it, 'b' is allowed to vary. The weir so designed is capable of producing constant Cd over a wide range of discharge and hence will be helpful from the viewpoint of field applications. Under existing laboratory conditions, the research reports for emissions varying from 20 to 100% of the design discharge. The numerical performance of the CBC weir through FLOW 3D is experimentally validated to examine the crest width effect and head over weir crest. In the experiments, Cd is found to vary proportionally with discharge from 0.518 to 0.648. The R-value is 0.999, with a mean error in discharge measurement being much less.

Inverse design of twisted bilayer graphene metasurface for terahertz absorption broadening based on artificial neural network

With the development of terahertz (THz) technology, achieving ultra-wideband absorption of THz waves has become a significant challenge that researchers are striving to address. Different from the complex stacking of multiple graphene layers in the traditional design, inspired by the twisted magic angle of graphene structures, a twisted bilayer graphene metasurface absorber (TBGMA) is innovatively investigated for THz wave absorption broadening inverse design based on artificial neural network (ANN). Compared with the traditional manual parameter tuning, the ANN-based inverse design method can quickly accomplish the selection of the structural parameters and twist angles of the TBGMA, realizing the ultra-wideband absorption of THz waves (6.046 THz). The relationship between twisted SGLs and broadened effective absorption bandwidths is thoroughly analyzed through a combination of the electric field distribution and effective medium theory (EMT). Additionally, the tunability and absorption spectra of TBGMA under different incidence conditions have been discussed. The study of the twisted angle of SGLs can provide a unique idea for expanding the absorption bandwidth, and the inverse design of structural and angle parameters in conjunction with ANN is expected to be extended to the design of other precision structures in nanophotonics.

Smart and Secure Vehicle Parking System to Avoid Theft Using Deep Image Recognition

Secure intelligent parking systems are complicated issues around the world. A secure parking system that is larceny-free is considered a luxury now. Parking is expensive and limited in almost all large cities. This research study presents a unique, safe, intelligent parking system based on deep image recognition techniques. To solve this tedious problem, an object detection deep learning model such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) is used. The proposed model is divided into three steps. The first step captures the car's image while entering the parking area. The second step is License plate recognition, in which the license plate is detected and saved the individual characters, and the recognized dataset is used when the driver leaves the parking area. The third step is facing detection and recognition of the taken plate. The fourth step is that the printer generates an invoice code used in case of a mismatch in the face of the driver. Evaluation of the proposed model indicates its efficiency. Accuracy of the following modules is achieved for vehicle detection (99%), number plate detection and recognition 98%, and 95%, respectively, and face detection and recognition 99%, and 97%, respectively. The proposed model's efficiency is shown through its evaluation. To get more security, a two-way screening procedure is used to keep the vehicles secure. So, the identification system's unique idea is to achieve better results by using two cameras and two-way authentication. It also forbids the entrance of those vehicles and drivers who are unauthorized or not allowed by the firm. Moreover, these modules were successfully implemented and evaluated using various performance measures, including precision, recall, and mean average precision.

Paraffin-Enabled Superlattice Customization for a Photostimulated Gradient-Responsive Artificial Reflex Arc.

The development of photostimulated-motion artificial reflex arcs - a neural circuit inspired by light-driven motion reflexes - holds significant promises for advancements in robotic perception, navigation, and motion control. However, the fabrication of such systems, especially those that accommodate multiple actions and exhibit gradient responses, remains challenging. Here, a gradient-responsive photostimulated-motion artificial reflex arc is developed by integrating a programmable and tunable photoreceptor based on folded MoS2 at different twist angles. The twisted folded bilayer MoS2 used as photoreceptors can be customized via the transfer technique using patternable paraffin, where the twist angle and fold-line could be controlled. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is 3.7 times higher at a twist angle of 29° compared to that at 0°, showing a monotonically decreasing indirect bandgap. Through tunable interlayer carrier transport, photoreceptors fabricated using folded bilayer MoS2 at different twist angles demonstrate gradient response time, enabling the photostimulated-motion artificial reflex arc for multiaction responses. They are transformed to digital command flow and studied via machine learning to control the gestures of a robotic hand, showing a prototype of photostimulated gradient-responsive artificial reflex arcs for the first time. This work provides a unique idea for developing intelligent soft robots and next-generation human-computer interfaces.

In situ displacement reactions of molten sodium anode and multi-cationic halide electrolytes enabling high-performance liquid metal batteries

Sodium liquid metal battery has attracted attention for large-scale energy storage applications due to its low-cost, long-lifespan and high-safety. However, the self-discharging caused by sodium dissolving in the molten salt electrolyte reduces the efficiency of the battery and restricts the practical development of this chemistry. In this work, a low-melting point multi-cationic electrolyte (LiCl-NaCl-KCl) was designed to inhibit the dissolution of sodium in the electrolyte. The displacement reaction of Na and molten LiCl at high temperature were revealed for the first time, and the mechanism of improving battery performance was demonstrated in the Na| LiCl-NaCl-KCl |Sb-Bi batteries. Based on the displacement reaction mechanisms, the Na||Bi9Sb cell based on LiCl-KCl (54:46 mol%) electrolyte, without NaCl at the initial state, was constructed, which exhibited high coulombic efficiency of over 98 % and excellent cyclic performance (∼100 % capacity retention after 2500 cycles) at 450 °C. This work provides a unique idea of electrolyte design that can both inhibit the dissolution of metals in molten salts and ensure long-term stable battery operation by using electrolyte–electrode interactions, and provides a new way for the practical development of low-cost and long-lifespan liquid metal battery energy storage technology.

Thioredoxin Reductase-Mediated Reaction Evokes In Situ Surface Polarization Effect on BiOIO3: Toward a New Sensing Strategy for Cathodic Photoelectrochemistry.

We have witnessed the fast progress of cathodic photoelectrochemistry over the past decades, though its signal transduction tactic still lacks diversity. Exploring new sensing strategies for cathodic photoelectrochemistry is extremely demanding yet hugely challenging. This article puts forward a unique idea to incorporate an enzymatic reaction-invoked surface polarization effect (SPE) on the surface of BiOIO3 to implement an innovative cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis. Specifically, the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-mediated reaction produced the polar glutathione (GSH), which spontaneously coordinated to the surface of BiOIO3 and induced SPE by forming a polarized electric field, resulting in improved electron (e-) and hole (h+) pair separation efficiency and an enhanced photocurrent output. Correlating this phenomenon with the detection of TrxR exhibited a high performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, achieving a linear range of 0.007-0.5 μM and a low detection limit of 2.0 nM (S/N = 3). This study brings refreshing inspiration for the cathodic PEC signal transduction tactic through enzyme-mediated in situ reaction to introduce SPE, which enriches the diversity of available signaling molecules. Moreover, this study unveils the potential of in situ generated SPE for extended and futuristic applications.

Writing a literature review as a class project in an upper-level undergraduate biochemistry course.

A literature review is an important part of conducting academic research. Knowing how to conduct a literature search and write a high-quality literature review is a valuable skill. Herein, the authors describe the method of introducing a literature review writing exercise in an upper-level biochemistry course. Since 2020, authors have collaborated with numerous undergraduates writing literature reviews on topics in biochemistry that resulted in peer-reviewed publications. Authors believe that this unique idea of providing a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) to many undergraduates, especially those who otherwise do not receive collaborative research experience through traditional research paths, must be shared with other instructors.

Enhancing Model Calibration and Uncertainty Estimation through Multi-Objective Optimization with SUFI-2 Algorithm

The research aimed to quantify the uncertainty in hydrological modeling results, especially in data-scarce areas like the Teesta River. The developed grid-based model from Texas Agricultural and Management University (TAMU) with the help of simulation plugin Quantum Soil and Water Assessment Tools (QSWAT) and calibration (CAL) & validation (VAL) using SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Program (CUP). Multiple algorithms Minimize & Maximize (MIN & MAX), specifically with Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version-2 (SUFI-2) algorithm (Best fitted simulation), were used as the popular for the many ideal simulations as possible that are within 95% of the true predictions. The research investigated how eleven different objective functions (OBJF) influenced the CAL results, parameterization, and surface water estimation for the stream flow of the Teesta River. While several OBJF performed well, eight of them, namely Chi-square (Chi2), Multiplicative (Multi), Modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency factor (MNSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), summation (SUM), Coefficient of determination (R2), Modified coefficient of determination (bR2), and Relative Squared Error (RSR), consistently yielded very similar results because of mostly used MIN methods. For instance, NSE resulted in a CAL & VAL score of 0.85 and 0.88, while R2, MNSE, and bR2 had scores of 0.88 and 0.89 during both CAL & VAL periods. All results from NSE, R2 and bR2 show a correlation between 0.84 to 0.90. However, other OBJF provided slightly different sensitivity values. The Percentage Bias (PBIAS) scored 0.76 for CAL and 0.77 for VAL. The Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) scored 0.79 during both the CAL & VAL periods. Additionally, the sum of squares (SSQR) obtained shallow values for both CAL & VAL processes. The aforementioned research shows that varied OBJF can affect CAL findings and hydrological modelling parameter values, emphasizing the need to use several OBJF in uncertainty analysis for more accurate water resource estimation the calibrated model and its outputs aid hydrologists and water resource administrators in agricultural and water assessment. They also support research on climate change's effects on water supply and quality, droughts, and food. The unique idea and flexible techniques make them suitable for most countries.

Biologic and genomic characterization of a novel virulent Aeromonas hydrophila phage phiA051, with high homology to prophages.

Aeromonas hydrophila is particularly harmful to freshwater aquaculture, and the search for phage is an effective biological control method, but reports of possible temperate phages and their mutants are rare in this field. In this study, a virulent phage highly homologous to prophage in the genomes of A. hydrophila was collected and preliminary biological characterization was carried out to understand its nature. Water samples taken from eel ponds in Fujian, China were combined with the strain. Spot test method and double-layer agar plate assay was used for confirmation and purification. Phage virions were observed using transmission electron microscope. A total of 68 strains of Aeromonas spp. were used to determine the host range. MOI groups of 1,000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001 were prepared to detect the optimal MOI. The conditions of thermal stability assay were set as 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C for 1 h, respectively, and conditions of acid and alkali stability assay were set as 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 of pH. MOI of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, are set to determine the inhibitory capacity of phage. A novel virulent A. hydrophila phage designated phiA051 has been isolated from aquaculture water. Electron microscopic observation showed that the phage phiA051 was composed of an icosahedral capsid. The phage phiA051 possesses an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, and its burst size was 108 PFU/cell. The phage maintained a high viability at temperatures of 30-50°C or pH 6.0-10.0 for 1 h. Phage phiA051 has certain potentials in rapidly inhibiting the spread of pathogen early in the outbreak, and it has a linear dsDNA with GC content of 60.55% and a total length of 32,212 bp, including 46 ORFs. The phage phiA051 behaved as a virulent phage. However, the BLASTN result showed that 23 of the top 25 hits were genomes of Aeromonas strains. It was suggested that phiA051 was probably derived from some prophage in the chromosome of Aeromonas. Further investigation of the mechanism how phage phiA051 transforms from a temperate phage to a virulent phage will provide a unique perspective and idea to explore the potential of prophages.

The evolution of Xuantong in early Daoist philosophy

ABSTRACT Xuantong 玄同 (tentatively translated as dark oneness) is a unique Daoist idea that represents an ideally mental and physical state as a result of cultivation. However, owing to limited context in the Laozi, there is no consensus on the interpretation of xuantong. Contemporary studies have also neglected xuantong’s evolution in early texts and assumed a homogeneous understanding, and hence, failed to provide a nuanced account. In this article, I investigate how xuantong evolves from the Guodian Laozi to the Huainanzi and Wenzi. I argue that although xuantong may originate from the Laozi, it is in the Wenzi that a coherent theory of xuantong is accomplished. This theory advocates an orderly process of cultivation that covers internal mental states, external acts, and integration with the whole universe. The cultivation would eventually lead people to adopt an undifferentiated perspective on, and reach oneness with, all things in the universe.

Inducing a magnetic morphotropic phase boundary in (0.7) BiNdxFeO3-(0.3)BaTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) system

Multiferroics materials processing ferroelectric and magnetic properties are being explored widely for device applications around the world. Herein, a composite multiferroic material was designed which is expected to show enhanced magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic properties. In this unique idea, a lead free (0.7)BiFeO3-(0.3)BaTiO3 system with ferroelectric morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was chosen and a magnetic MPB is induced through Nd incorporation. The MPB was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and Raman studies. The hysteresis loops confirmed the ferroelectric nature of solid solutions and the increase in polarization is related to the induced structural changes. A consistent increase in magnetization with Nd content indicates weaking of R3c symmetry of BiFeO3 due to continuous suppression of the spiral spin structure leading to transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic response. The presence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nature along with the existence of MPB indicates that solid solutions are promising candidates for magnetoelectric multiferroic applications.

A Flexible and Wearable Visual Pressure Sensing System Based on Piezoresistive Sensors and Alternating Current Electroluminescence Devices

Flexible pressure sensor, as an important research branch of electronic skin (e‐skin), has attracted much attention and has been widely developed in recent years. However, pressure sensors normally transfer the pressure signals into electrical signals for sensing, and that requires the assistance of signal processing and readout circuits. Herein, an alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) device, a piezoresistive sensor, and an AC driver in series, forming a visual pressure sensing system (VPSS) is connected. The VPSS, as a stand‐alone sensing system without readout circuit, can directly convert pressure signals into luminous intensity, which can be observed directly with the naked eyes. In order to obtain flexible and wearable functions, the integrated VPSSs are further designed and manufactured. The integrated VPSS with single sensing unit can be attached on human finger and foot for sensing human movements, such as finger bending and walking. The integrated VPSS with 2×2 sensing units can be used for sensing pressure distribution, such as sensing the pressure distribution inside the robotic gripper. The integrated VPSSs can be easily installed as stand‐alone sensing modules and can be extended to more application fields, providing a unique idea for flexible pressure sensing.

Type-II CoMoO4/Graphdiyne heterojunction promotes visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production activity

Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology has great challenges in designing and synthesizing stable photocatalyst and inhibiting high recombination rate of carriers. In this paper, CoMoO4/GDY type-II heterojunctions were successfully constructed by coupling a new two-dimensional layered carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) with molybdate (CoMoO4), and the positive effect of GDY on photocatalytic hydrogen production system was studied. The introduction of GDY provides a large number of reaction sites for the reaction. Moreover, due to the strong light absorption and excellent electrical conductivity of GDY, the photoelectrochemical properties of molybdate (CoMoO4) are enhanced. The construction of type-II heterojunctions effectively promotes the spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The electron transfer mechanism of the photocatalyst was verified based on DFT and in-situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic performance of CoMoO4/GDY photocatalyst is the best (121 μmol), which is 2 times and 45 times that of CoMoO4 and GDY, respectively. This study provides a unique idea for the application of GDY in the field of photocatalysis.