Unique Equipment Research Articles

ВІРТУАЛЬНИЙ ЛАБОРАТОРНИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН

In the article the way of using information technology in the natural education is activated, such as computer modeling of chemical, physical or biological phenomenon processes, introduction into the educational process of the virtual laboratory works. The relevance of the introduction of virtual laboratories in educational practice is due, firstly, to the information challenges of the time, and secondly, the regulatory requirements for the organization of the educational process of general secondary and higher education. It is mentioned that the use of virtual laboratories in the educational process allows students to conduct experiments with equipment and materials that he is able to use due to lack of a real laboratory or its lack of technical content, get practical skills of conducting experiments of integrated natural direction initiating computer models and the process of operation of unique equipment of chemical, physical, biological laboratory, to study dangerous in the real situation processes and phenomena of natural origin, without fear of possible consequences. The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of using a virtual laboratory workshop during the study of natural sciences. Possibilities of modern virtual laboratories of a natural direction which allow to model objects and processes of the surrounding world and also to organize computer access to the real laboratory equipment. The possibility of realization of a virtual laboratory workshop on chemical disciplines of the natural cycle in the environment of a virtual simulator of the laboratory IrYdiumChemistryLab is shown. This virtual laboratory involves the formulation of specific tasks or the formation of its own strategy for planning the experiment,the resource immediately differs in the ability to intervene in the program and design your own virtual experiment Created on the basis of IrYdiumChemistryLab virtual laboratory works allow to prepare diluent of various concentrations, to calculate and measure concentrations of ions in solutions of strong and weak electrolytes, to titrate, etc. Virtual laboratories must be present in the practice of teaching natural sciences (chemistry, physics, biology). The need to use a virtual laboratory workshop during distance learning is especially relevant.

Differences between retort distillation and double distillation in cherry spirits with double-kettle equipment

Abstract The effects of retort distillation (RD) and double distillation (DD) for producing cherry spirits using unique double-kettle equipment were compared, for the first time. RD improved distillation efficiency and kept methanol at a safe level. Compared with DD, the contents of higher alcohols increased with RD: isobutanol, propanol, and benzyl alcohol increased by 15.5, 32.9, and 37.9%, respectively, with the content of ethyl esters being reduced. In contrast, isoamyl formate, with its cherry aroma, was not detected in DD spirits, but was present at up to 10.71 mgL−1 in RD spirits. Six terpenoids were detected in RD spirits, but only four in DD spirits. These changes were also reflected in the sensory scores. Although the purity and elegance of the RD spirits decreased, their complication, richness, and honey aroma increased. These changes are very important for guaranteeing spirits quality, providing a reference for research and production of cherry distilled spirits.

GAME-BASED LEARNING SYSTEM: AN EXCEPTIONAL LEARNERS MOTIVATION FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE

Special education is a specialized area of education which uses unique instructional methods, materials, learning aids, and equipment to meet the educational needs of students with learning disabilities. Exceptional learner is an inclusive term that refers to students with learning and behavior problems, students with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and students who are intellectually gifted or have a special talent. Computer games are increasingly part of the daily activities of students of all ages, and have been shown to support student motivation and learning however can be challenging to implement in the classroom. Gamification involves incorporating elements of computer games such as points, leaderboards, and badges into non-game contexts in order to take advantage of the motivation provided by a game environment. Based from literature analysis points, badges and achievements, leaderboards and levels are the most commonly implemented form of gamification. The study aims to determine to what extent gamification supports student achievement and motivation among exceptional learners. Incorporating gamification elements into exceptional learners’ environments can motivate students and support their achievement. Increased class attendance and participation, which is positively correlated with improved student performance, was seen as a result of gamification. The user acceptability test was used to determine the proficiency of the system to help the teachers in teaching exceptional learners in the approach of their learning. To test the acceptability of the developed system, the researchers floated an acceptability questionnaire to stakeholders where the target user enjoys exploring the content of the system. Based on their rating, the researchers motivated to enhance the functionality of the system. The target user strongly agrees with a ratio of 4.5 which mean that the system has the functionality needed in their school process

Adaptive system for visualization of the electromagnetic scattering field of aircraft

The space industry has always set ambitious tasks to create unique equipment, including control equipment. Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of such systems is carried out at all stages of the life cycle of an aircraft (AC), starting from its development, including testing and stages of operation. Digital technology is characterized by high noise immunity. However, any modern technical system in the aggregate contains sensors, communication lines and receiving antennas sensitive to the effects of external interfering signals that propagate both through wires and over the air. Hence, the relevance of ensuring the EMC of integrated technical systems that perform the functions of measurement, data processing and the formation of control actions, both digital and analog, is obvious. The electromagnetic compatibility of a sophisticated aircraft or spaceship technical system with other systems is a prerequisite for their sustainable operation. Aerospace technology, where both highly sensitive measurements and energetic control effects are closely combined in the dense layout of an aircraft, requires a solution to the EMC problem. This paper shows the need for effective technology to control the electromagnetic radiation created in the surrounding space, both by subsystems of aircraft and by the whole object. A method for visualizing 3D electromagnetic field both in space and in time is considered.

Pouch‐Cell Architecture Downscaled to Coin Cells for Electrochemical Characterization of Bilateral Electrodes**

AbstractResearch groups all over the world are testing new innovative electrodes for batteries aimed at being the next generation of energy‐storage devices. To date, the lab‐scale coin cells, which house two one‐sided electrodes, remain the most common tool to test new battery electrodes. However, many novel electrodes are bilateral by design. In addition, many new electrodes, such as silicon‐ and sulfur‐based, enable large areal capacities that might not be properly tested with any single counter electrode. Here, we suggest a technique to assemble coin cells that incorporate two unilateral electrodes with a bilateral electrode sandwiched between them. This method requires no unique equipment, and can help laboratories with limited resources to test their electrodes under realistic conditions that can better display the capabilities of their research products.

Conceptual Directions of Creating Digital Twins for Electrotechnical Systems of Rolling Mill Facilities

This article considers the development of digital twins (DT) for the mechatronic facilities of the coiling machine group in a wide-strip hot rolling mill. The analysis of Russian and foreign sources confirmed that a lot of attention is paid to the economy digitalization. All of the leading metal plant equipment and electrical engineering system manufacturers are working on creating DTs. The analysis of the literature showed that the authors lack a uniform understanding of the conceptual directions in the creation of DTs and there are many definitions of this term. Therefore, the first part of the article deals with the analysis of the digital twin concepts according to their application at industrial companies. The authors substantiate the feasibility of the DT de-velopment for the electromechanical and mechatronic systems of the most complex metal production components, i.e., rolling mills. This initiative development is relevant due to the reconstruction of the 2500 wide-strip hot rolling mill at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works PJSC (MMK PJSC) that involves the installation of unique equipment. Due to this, the development of DTs to implement the virtual commissioning of the equipment becomes a priority. The virtual adjustment of automation and process control systems is also required. This problem can be solved through the example of three coiling machines, each of which has electric and hydraulic auxiliary equipment. These coiling machines are used for rolling the heavy hot-rolled bar and they feature a unique design. Therefore, the development of DTs for mechatronic facilities is a novel scientific problem. The authors propose the methods for the development of DTs used in the virtual commissioning of process control systems. They present the structure of the coiling section automation system and the structure of the DT imple-mented on the basis of programmable logic controllers (PLC). The authors provide the specifications for the Siemens PLCs installed at each of the coiling machines and the coiling machine master controller. To develop the control systems for electric and hydraulic drives, it is recommended to use the Matlab Simulink software package. The authors provide temporal dependencies obtained using DTs and other similar oscillograph charts produced during the operation of the coiling machine that can help model the operation of the mechanisms in question. The results of their comparison show that the processes correspond to each other. Thus, the use of the developed DT to adjust the electrotechnical systems of rolling mills is reasoned. The accepted concept of making digital twins for the electrotechnical systems of rolling mill components is relevant and technically feasible

JUSTIFICATION OF POSSIBILITY OF UKRANIAN NPP’S EXPLOITATION TIME ASSESSMENT BY EXPERT METHODS

The goal of research is the study of problems, which are connected with Ukrainian NPPs life cycle. Particular attention in the study of the problem of the resource of complex objects, such as nuclear power plants, must be paid to the set of technical characteristics of equipment and pipelines that determine the possibility of their operation, and the resource of operation. From an organizational point of view, the assessment of the resource characteristics of complex objects takes place based on a systematic approach to interacting, highly reliable, unique equipment with limited operational information, which has a significant distinction. Therefore, models have been built for expert evaluation of the resource characteristics of complex objects, involving the use of subject area to study the dynamics of changes in the resource of equipment for critical systems. In particular, in nuclear industry, there is the problem of assessing the real level of the resource of complex objects that are exposed during operation to the effects of aging, fatigue, wear and degradation. The influence of the human factor on their longevity should also be considered.Up to date, a large number of Ukrainian NPP’s nuclear blocks are on the verge of exhaustion of the assigned resource, which is equal to 30 years of operation. However, the practice of operation shows that nuclear power units, generally, still have a sufficient resource reserve. Thus, the operating organizations face with the problem of deciding either to extend the life of the equipment of the NPP, or to replace it. This decision should be fully justified by the safety requirements of nuclear power plants, as well as economically. The basis for such a decision should be the assessment and prediction of the real condition of the equipment, its resource characteristics, satisfying scientifically based requirements. Therefore, a systematic study of the resource characteristics of the components of nuclear power units, the identification of problems and deficiencies in the field of the quality of assessment and forecasting of these characteristics is relevant. In this paper, problems, which are connected with justification of possibility of Ukrainian NPP’s exploitation time assessment by expert methods, were considered

Self-oscillations of the cutting cutters

The design and construction of products that are subjected to variable forces during operation should be based on calculations of the dynamic properties of the structures being created. This applies most to structures that contain thin-walled elements. In this regard, the development of a reliable method for determining the own dynamic characteristics of cutting tools in the form of cutting circles and cutters is relevant.An engineering method for calculating the frequencies and forms of natural oscillations of disk cutting mills of variable thickness in the radial direction is considered. The results of the calculation were confirmed by the proposed method using data from experiments conducted using unique modern equipment. Thus, it was established that the proposed method can be applied to the analysis of the dynamic properties of the considered type of disk cutting tools and their design with the specified dynamic characteristics. The results obtained are necessary for evaluating the critical operating conditions of the mills under study.

Collaboration with JINR as Key for Nuclear Physics Development in Ukraine

Introduction. Today, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is a kind of scientific and technical framework for Ukrainian nuclear researchers who are directly involved in conducting the cutting-edge nuclear physics experiments. Problem Statement. An important aspect of international cooperation for the Ukrainian researchers in the field of nuclear physics and materials science is to consolidate scholarly research, engineering, and financial resources of countries for creating international research organizations and implementing large-scale projects in modern science and technology. Purpose. Analysis of the factors that contribute to the development of nuclear physics and research in related disciplines in Ukraine, involvement of Ukrainian researchers in international research processes, and assessment of the future prospects. Materials and Methods. Analysis of scholarly research trends in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and review of achievements of Ukrainian researchers, in particular, young researchers, in implementation of international projects in nuclear physics and related disciplines. Results. The background of nuclear physics research in Ukraine, the way of international cooperation development, and its impact on education and training of researchers have been analyzed. The examples of research results of Ukrainian nuclear physicists have been given. The cooperation of Ukrainian R&D organizations and companies with JINR has been shown to have a positive effect on creative and innovative processes, including the development and study of new high-tech materials. Conclusions. Collaboration with JINR gives Ukrainian researchers access to modern methods of physical research and unique equipment at leading international R&D centers, while planning and implementing large-scale experiments in nuclear physics, and enables studying the problems of the Universe. Teachers, students, and schoolchildren from Ukraine have additional opportunities to work with the cutting-edge methods, modern equipment and innovative approaches in the field of science and technology.

Defect Characterization in Layered Composites using a Pulsed Eddy-Current Technique

The practical possibility of determining the size of the delamination area and its depth of location in nonmetallic multilayer low-conductive materials is demonstrated using the unique pulsed eddy current equipment facilities. Operational integrity and efficiency of the application of the developed techniques and engineering solutions are confirmed by the results of the experimental studies performed on the carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic specimens with artificial defects in the form of delaminations varying in sizes and shapes.

Energy-Efficient Cooling and Hydraulic Descaling Systems

Determination of real boundary cooling conditions is a fundamental requirement for numerical models and simulations to optimize and control selected processes in metallurgy. To obtain these boundary conditions, a special method has been developed. The input temperature history of cooling is obtained from experiments. The measured data are then mathematically evaluated. Realistic boundary conditions, as the heat transfer coefficient between hot surface and the coolant, allow optimization of the cooling sections and the design of their configurations. To realize the cooling test, unique laboratory equipment was developed. It allows setting of cooling conditions close to the plant conditions. The paper presents examples of optimization of work roll cooling, examples of design of sections for in-line heat treatment of metals and procedure for designing new high-pressure descaling sections. The methodology proposed by the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory of the Brno University of Technology is typically used to determine the heat-transfer coefficient on the surface of high-temperature material in the applications of heat treatment, cooling of rolls of hot rolling mills, and high- pressure descaling. The methodology enables identifying the effect of nozzle water jets on the heat-transfer coefficient or on removal of high-temperature scale and leads to cooling and descaling optimization for industrial partners.

Влияние новых медицинских технологий на качество медицинской помощи в мегаполисах (на примере города Москвы)

Background. The effective development of healthcare and, in particular, clinical medicine, increasingly depends on the unique medical technologies and modern equipment used. Therefore, in order to form a competitive healthcare system in a megapolis, it is important to introduce a management mechanism that allows constant monitoring of emerging new technologies and a comprehensive assessment of their impact on changing the quality of medical care, assessing their contribution to public health, that is, creating a “technological funnel” for the healthcare system. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify the urgent problems in the analysis and comprehensive assessment of new medical technologies and determine the possible mechanisms for their introduction into clinical practice. Materials and methods. The methodology of this work is to study the literature and research of the most successful practices of introducing new medical technologies (on the example of the capital's healthcare), study the opinions of the population and healthcare professionals based on the analysis of social networks. Results. Based on the systematization of information obtained by the authors in the course of the study, authors identified the most important new medical technologies for the population and health care professionals, which, in their opinion, have changed the landscape of the capital's health care for the better. Authors determined significant criteria for improving the efficiency of the health care system through the search, comprehensive assessment and scaling of innovative practices in clinical medicine. Discussion. The creation of a "technological funnel" in the health care system of the capital makes it possible to conduct comparable research on the quality of medical care provided with many countries of the world. In addition, the constant search and comprehensive assessment of new medical technologies, potentially suitable for implementation in city clinics, can significantly influence the improvement of the quality of medical care provided to the population. Conclusion. Solving the problems associated with the optimization of search processes, comprehensive assessment, unification of the processes of introducing new medical technologies, can significantly improve the quality of medical care, as well as affect the contribution of health care to the health of citizens. At the same time, such studies require careful research and search for approaches that meet modern realities.

THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF PNEUMOVESICOSCOPIC URETERAL REIMPLANTATION IN CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE

Actuality. To date, there are few publications focused on pneumovesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation in young children. The article is devoted to surgical interventions in this age group. Material and methods. Surgical interventions on small volume bladder have significant technical difficulties. The authors assessed potentials for performing pneumovesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation by the Cohen technique in 14 children under 2 with various obstructive uropathies. Results. In all children, surgical interventions were performed according to preoperative plans. There were no conversions to an open procedure. As it has been found out, patient’s age and bladder volume were not limiting factors for this type of intervention. Conclusion. The pneumovesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation in young children is a hi-tech procedure which requires a unique equipment and a highly qualified surgical team. To reduce the procedure duration, further experience and more information are needed.

PECULIARITIES OF MACHINERY CONDITION VIBRATION MONITORING WITH USING THE S-DISCRIMINANTS

The paper presents the results of the specific vibration condition monitoring approach for maintenance of unique critical equipment provided complete access impossibility to its components (due to radiation environment) throughout the entire operation period. The approach bases on the previously proposed S-discriminants of vibrations which are calculated with adaptation to the reference state of the equipment. The method showed its high efficiency in detecting the moment of machine operation process imbalance and in tracking the equipment components degradation, starting from the earliest stage. It is illustrated on the example of the movable neutron reflector PO-3 of the IBR-2 research reactor that it is possible not only to detect in time the moment when a fault occurs, but also to make a preliminary express diagnosis of its condition.

ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS AND POSSIBILITIES OF HIGH-VOLTAGE COMPLEX SCIENTIFIC-&-RESEARCH PLANNING-&-DESIGN INSTITUTE «MOLNIYA» OF NTU «KHPI» FOR THE TESTS OF OBJECTS OF ENERGY, ARMAMENT, AVIATION AND SPACE-ROCKET TECHNIQUE ON ELECTRIC SAFETY AND EMC

Purpose. Implementation of analysis of basic technical descriptions and new possibilities of separate electric options of unique high-voltage electrical engineering complex Scientific-&-Research Planning-&-Design Institute «Molniya» of NTU «KhPI», intended for testing objects of industrial energy (IE) on electric safety, action on them of standard storm and interconnect pulses of voltage (current), and also objects of armament and military technique (OAMT), aviation (AT) and space-rocket (SRT) technique on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and resistibility at direct action on them of the rationed pulses of current of artificial lightning and row of no-spread temporal functions of pulses of current (high-voltage). Methodology. Basis of the applied electrical engineering, electroenergy and electromechanics, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulse currents, bases of the applied instrument-making, high-voltage measuring technique and standardization. Results. Description of basic technical descriptions and new possibilities of component parts of unique high-voltage electrical engineering complex Scientific-&-Research Planning-&-Design Institute «Molniya» of NTU «KhPI», intended for testing different objects of IE on electric safety, their resistibility to direct (indirect) action of standard aperiodic storm and interconnect pulses of voltage (current), and also OAMT, AT and SRT on EMC and resistibility to lightning at a direct action on them of the rationed pulses of current of artificial lightning. It is shown that these tests can be conducted in accordance with the requirements of normative documents of the USA of SAE ARP| 5412: 2013, SAE ARP 5414: 2013, SAE ARP 5416: 2013, RTCA DO-160G: 2011, military Standards of the USA of MIL-STD-464C: 2010, MIL-STD-461G: 2015, Standards of NATO AECTP-500: 2016, AECTP-250: 2014, International Standards of IEC 62305-1: 2010, IEC 61024-1: 1990 and intergovernmental Standard GOST 1516.2-97 on the domestic high-voltage options of type of UITOM-1, GTM-10/350, GKIN-2, TI-CS115 (NCS08), TI-CS116 (NCS09), G-NCS10, MV 1000 and IK-1U with the rationed descriptions. Examples and results of tests of row of technical objects are resulted on indicated high-voltage little- and heavy-current electric options. Originality. First in a complex kind basic technical descriptions and proof-of-concept possibilities of unique high-voltage electrical equipment of Scientific-&-Research Planning-&-Design Institute «Molniya» of NTU «KhPI» are presented, being in Ukraine head organization in area of development, creation and practical application of the indicated high-voltage technique in behalf of domestic industries of IE, airplane and rocket production, and also defense industries of industry. Practical value. Application of the described domestic high-voltage proof-of-concept electrical equipment at tests on electric safety, EMC and resistibility to lightning of different objects of IE, OAMT, AT and SRT will be instrumental in the increase of reliability of their functioning in the conditions of striking (destabilizing) action on them of powerful electromagnetic hindrances of natural and artificial origin.

Improvement of technology for repair of ore-bucket unloader metal structure working under cyclic loading

ABSTRACT The basis of all machines and mechanisms of cranes is a metal structure, more often welded; therefore, the further operation of the machine is influenced by reliability and safety of operation of a metal structure. With the operation of such unique equipment as ore-grab loaders, the problem of ensuring trouble-free operation is becoming more acute and relevant every year. There are methods that increase the current density of the arc by compressing it during plasma welding, cutting, as well as injected into the coating of the electrodes of substances with high affinity for the electron. However, at repair welding, manual welding by an artificial electrode is most often applied. The research work was conducted on modernisation of the power supply to increase the depth of penetration during welding. The studies of changes in penetration depth on the same technological modes for a typical and upgraded power supply were performed. It was found that the penetration depth increases by more than 30% as a result of the final welding stresses, deformations, the risk of fatigue cracks decreases. After repairs with an upgraded power supply, there are no stress concentrators, reduced thermal impact zone and, as a result, reduced final welding stresses.

USNS COMFORT (T-AH 20) Surgical Services Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.

USNS COMFORT (T-AH 20) Surgical Services Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.

Співробітництво з ОІЯД — запорука розвитку ядерної фізики в Україні

Introduction. Today, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is a kind of scientific and technical framework for Ukrainian nuclear researchers who are directly involved in conducting the cutting-edge nuclear physics experiments. Problem Statement. An important aspect of international cooperation for the Ukrainian researchers in the field of nuclear physics and materials science is to consolidate scholarly research, engineering, and financial resources of countries for creating international research organizations and implementing large-scale projects in modern science and technology. Purpose. Analysis of the factors that contribute to the development of nuclear physics and research in related disciplines in Ukraine, involvement of Ukrainian researchers in international research processes, and assessment of the future prospects. Materials and Methods. Analysis of scholarly research trends in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and review of achievements of Ukrainian researchers, in particular, young researchers, in implementation of international projects in nuclear physics and related disciplines. Results. The background of nuclear physics research in Ukraine, the way of international cooperation development, and its impact on education and training of researchers have been analyzed. The examples of research results of Ukrainian nuclear physicists have been given. The cooperation of Ukrainian R&D organizations and companies with JINR has been shown to have a positive effect on creative and innovative processes, including the development and study of new high-tech materials. Conclusions. Collaboration with JINR gives Ukrainian researchers access to modern methods of physical research and unique equipment at leading international R&D centers, while planning and implementing large-scale experiments in nuclear physics, and enables studying the problems of the Universe. Teachers, students, and schoolchildren from Ukraine have additional opportunities to work with the cutting-edge methods, modern equipment and innovative approaches in the field of science and technology.

Equipment for Testing Measuring Devices at a Low-Level Radon Activity Concentration.

The National Institute for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Protection, under the European project 16ENV10 MetroRADON (the European metrology program for innovation and research, EMPIR), has developed unique equipment for the testing of measuring devices at low-level radon activity concentrations. The equipment consists particularly of an airtight low-level radon chamber (LLRCH) with an inner volume of 324 liters; a Rn-222 type RF 5 flow-through source with a Ra-226 activity of 4.955 kBq developed by Czech Metrological Institute within the above-mentioned project; and a pressure vessel as a radon-free air source. The mass flow controller of the Bronkhorst EL-Flow type is a part of the apparatus and ensures the requested airflow through the radon source—partialized if necessary—through the chamber. The homogeneity of the atmosphere in the chamber is ensured by means of a continuously regulated fan (airflows in the range of 0.1–3.5 m·s−1 can be established). Another important chamber component is the measuring device of climatic conditions, since temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity must be determined. The construction of the equipment allows the time-stable radon activity concentration to be maintained at a precise level for several days. Radon concentration values can be arbitrarily and continuously set in the range from 100 Bq·m−3 to 300 Bq·m−3.

Идентификация дефектов в слоистых композитах с помощью импульсного вихретокового метода

This paper describes the practical possibility of determining the size and depth of the delamination in non-metallic multilayer weakly conducting materials using a unique pulsed eddy-current equipment. The efficiency of the developed methods and technical solutions is confirmed by the results of experimental investigation. The objects of control were carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimens with artificially created delaminations in the material structure. Defects had different sizes and shapes.