Unique Coexistence Research Articles

Global dynamics of three species omnivory models with Lotka-Volterra interaction

In this work, we consider the community of three species food web model with Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey interaction. In the absence of other species, each species follows the traditional logistical growth model and the top predator is an omnivore which is defined as feeding on the other two species. It can be seen as a model with one basal resource and two generalist predators, and pairwise interactions of all species are predator-prey type. It is well known that the omnivory module blends the attributes of several well-studied community modules, such as food chains (food chain models), exploitative competition (two predators-one prey models), and apparent competition (one predator-two preys models). With a mild biological restriction, we completely classify all parameters. All local dynamics and most parts of global dynamics are established corresponding to the classification. Moreover, the whole system is uniformly persistent when the unique coexistence appears. Finally, we conclude by discussing the strategy of inferior species to survive and the mechanism of uniform persistence for the three species ecosystem.

Stability analysis of a two-strain epidemic model on complex networks with latency

In this paper, a two-strain epidemic model on a complex network is proposed. The two strains are the drug-sensitive strain and the drug-resistant strain. The related basic reproduction numbers $R_s$ and $R_r$ are obtained. If $R_0=\max\{R_s,R_r\} 1$, then there is a unique drug-resistant strain dominated equilibrium $E_r$, which is locally asymptotically stable if the invasion reproduction number $R_r^s 1$ and $R_s>R_r$, then there is a unique coexistence equilibrium $E^*$. The persistence of the model is also proved. The theoretical results are supported with numerical simulations.

Osteoma and Ectopic Tooth of the Left Maxillary Sinus: A Unique Coexistence.

Ectopic eruption of a tooth or osteoma rarely occurs within the maxillary sinus. Coexistence of these two rare entities in the maxillary sinus has never been reported in the English literature. Herein, we present a 21 year-old male patient with osteoma and ectopic tooth in the left maxillary sinus treated with the removal of the ectopic tooth by endoscopic sinus surgery and excision of the osteoma by the Caldwell-Luc procedure. Unique coexistence of two different entities in the maxillary sinus is most likely due to pediatric facial trauma. Pediatric patients with maxillofacial trauma should be carefully watched for dental injury both clinically and radiologically.

Structural diversity in lithium carbides

The lithium-carbon binary system possesses a broad range of chemical compounds, which exhibit fascinating chemical bonding characteristics that give rise diverse and technologically important properties. While lithium carbides with various compositions have been studied or suggested previously, the crystal structures of these compounds are far from well understood. In this work we present the first comprehensive survey of all ground state (GS) structures of lithium carbides over a broad range of thermodynamic conditions, using \textit{ab initio} density functional theory (DFT) crystal structure searching methods. Thorough searches were performed for 29 stoichiometries ranging from Li$_{12}$C to LiC$_{12}$ at 0 GPa as well as 40 GPa. Based on formation enthalpies from optimized van der Waals density functional calculations, three thermodynamically stable phases (Li$_4$C$_3$, Li$_2$C$_2$ and LiC$_{12}$) were identified at 0 GPa, and seven thermodynamically stable phases (Li$_8$C, Li$_6$C, Li$_4$C, Li$_8$C$_3$, Li$_2$C, Li$_3$C$_4$, and Li$_2$C$_3$) were predicted at 40 GPa. A rich diversity of carbon bonding, including monomers, dimers, trimers, nanoribbons, sheets and frameworks, was found within these structures, and the dimensionality of carbon connectivity existing within each phase was observed to increase with increasing carbon concentration. Of particular interest, we find that the well-known composition LiC$_6$ is actually a metastable one. We also find a unique coexistence of carbon monomers and dimers within the predicted thermodynamically stable phase Li$_8$C$_3$, and different widths of carbon nanoribbons coexist in a metastable phase of Li$_2$C$_2$ (\textit{Imm}2). Interesting mixed \textit{sp}$^2$-\textit{sp}$^3$ carbon frameworks are predicted in metastable phases with composition LiC$_6$.

SAGE: Semantic Annotation of Georeferenced Environments

The emergence of portable 3D mapping systems are revolutionizing the way we generate digital 3D models of environments. These systems are human-centric and require the user to hold or carry the device while continuously walking and mapping an environment. In this paper, we adapt this unique coexistence of man and machines to propose SAGE (Semantic Annotation of Georeferenced Environments). SAGE consists of a portable 3D mobile mapping system and a smartphone that enables the user to assign semantic content to georeferenced 3D point clouds while scanning a scene. The proposed system contains several components including touchless speech acquisition, background noise adaptation, real time audio and vibrotactile feedback, automatic speech recognition, distributed clock synchronization, 3D annotation localization, user interaction, and interactive visualization. The most crucial advantage of SAGE technology is that it can be used to infer dynamic activities within an environment. Such activities are difficult to be identified with existing post-processing semantic annotation techniques. The capability of SAGE leads to many promising applications such as intelligent scene classification, place recognition and navigational aid tasks. We conduct several experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Competition between two similar species in the unstirred chemostat

This paper deals with the competition between two similar speciesin the unstirred chemostat. Due to the strict competition of the unstirred chemostat model,the global dynamics of the system is attained by analyzing the equilibria and their stability.It turns out that the dynamics of the system essentially depends upon certain function of the growth rate.Moreover, one of the semi-trivial stationary solutions or the unique coexistence steady state is a global attractor under certain conditions.Biologically, the results indicate that it is possible for the mutant to force the extinction of resident species or to coexist with it.

Role of neutrons in the coexistence of magnetic and antimagnetic rotation bands inCd107

Negative parity high-spin states of $^{107}\mathrm{Cd}$ have been investigated using the reaction $^{94}\mathrm{Zr}({}^{18}\mathrm{O}$,5n), from the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray coincidence events recorded by the Indian National Gamma Array. A magnetic dipole ($M1$) band structure was established for the first time in this nucleus decaying to the low-spin states via several paths. Lifetimes of five in-band levels in this band have been measured using the Doppler shift attenuation method. The experimentally deduced $B(M1)$ values are found to decrease with increasing spin. The experimental observations, interpreted by the tilted axis cranking calculations, suggest that the $M1$ band is developed from the shears mechanism based on the 5qp configuration $\ensuremath{\pi}({g}_{9/2}^{\ensuremath{-}2})\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}({h}_{11/2}{g}_{7/2}^{2})$, which is then crossed by another 5qp configuration $\ensuremath{\pi}({g}_{9/2}^{\ensuremath{-}2})\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}({h}_{11/2}^{3})$. The semiclassical model of the shears mechanism also reasonably reproduces the decreasing trend of the observed $B(M1)$ values as a function of spin, supporting the above interpretation. The present work highlights the unique coexistence of both magnetic and antimagnetic (observed by us earlier) rotation bands in one nucleus arising from the same proton configuration, but different neutron configurations.

Unique Features of Fish Immune Repertoires: Particularities of Adaptive Immunity Within the Largest Group of Vertebrates.

Fishes (i.e., teleost fishes) are the largest group of vertebrates. Although their immune system is based on the fundamental receptors, pathways, and cell types found in all groups of vertebrates, fishes show a diversity of particular features that challenge some classical concepts of immunology. In this chapter, we discuss the particularities of fish immune repertoires from a comparative perspective. We examine how allelic exclusion can be achieved when multiple Ig loci are present, how isotypic diversity and functional specificity impact clonal complexity, how loss of the MHC class II molecules affects the cooperation between T and B cells, and how deep sequencing technologies bring new insights about somatic hypermutation in the absence of germinal centers. The unique coexistence of two distinct B-cell lineages respectively specialized in systemic and mucosal responses is also discussed. Finally, we try to show that the diverse adaptations of immune repertoires in teleosts can help in understanding how somatic adaptive mechanisms of immunity evolved in parallel in different lineages across vertebrates.

Negotiating Biomedical and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments Among Elderly Chinese Singaporean Women

In this article we examine how elderly Chinese Singaporean women navigated between biomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine in their practices of maintaining well-being. We interviewed 36 elderly women to understand their negotiation of medical choices in the interplay of structure, culture, and personal agency. Our findings show that participants made situational decisions under structural and cultural influences, such as family members' changing expectations and interpretations of medical practices, institutional preferences for biomedicine, and the patients' negotiating position between biomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Participants demonstrated their capacity to enact agency through their examination of the effects and side effects of each medical system and through their integrative use of different medical treatments, depending on the purpose. Through our findings, we unveil contextual meanings of health among elderly women and the unique coexistence of traditional and modern medical practices within the context of Singapore.

Single-mode and multimode Fabry-Pérot interference in suspended graphene

Phase coherence of charge carriers leads to electron-wave interference in ballistic mesoscopic conductors. In graphene, such Fabry-P\'erot-like interference has been observed, but a detailed analysis has been complicated by the two-dimensional nature of conduction, which allows for complex interference patterns. In this work, we have achieved high-quality Fabry-P\'erot interference in a suspended graphene device, both in conductance and in shot noise, and analyzed their structure using Fourier transform techniques. The Fourier analysis reveals two sets of overlapping, coexisting interferences, with the ratios of the diamonds being equal to the width to length ratio of the device. We attribute these sets to a unique coexistence of longitudinal and transverse resonances, with the longitudinal resonances originating from the bunching of modes with low transverse momentum. Furthermore, our results give insight into the renormalization of the Fermi velocity in suspended graphene samples, caused by unscreened many-body interactions.

Unique Coexistence of Severe Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Marfanoid Habitus in a Young Male - An Interesting and Rare Case Report

Unique Coexistence of Severe Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Marfanoid Habitus in a Young Male - An Interesting and Rare Case Report

Orbital Xanthogranuloma in an Adult Patient With Xanthelasma Palpebrarum and Hypercholesterolemia

A 44-year-old man with a history of hypercholesterolemia presented with eyelid lesions and a separate orbital mass. Pathology of eyelid lesions confirmed xanthelasma palpebrarum, and pathology of the orbital mass showed a non-Langerhans cell xanthogranuloma, consistent with a lesion within the spectrum of adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disorders. While xanthelasma palpebrarum is associated with increased serum lipids, adult orbital xanthogranuloma does not share a clear association. Distinct, histology-proven xanthelasma palpebrarum and orbital xanthogranuloma rarely occur together in the literature. This case further represents a unique coexistence between these 2 lesions in an adult with hypercholesterolemia.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and cardiac papillary fibroelastoma

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a complex thrombotic microangiopathy, remains an evolving enigma. A 49-year-old African-American woman presented with acute left hemiplegia, an ischemic cerebrovascular accident involving the right middle cerebral artery. Sequential appearance of thrombocytopenia and evidence of microangiopathic haemolysis led to the diagnosis of acquired idiopathic autoimmune TTP. This was managed with plasma exchange (PEX) and steroids. Early haematologic relapse within a month was managed with the addition of rituximab attaining sustained remission. The patient presented 3 years later with acute confusion and expressive aphasia due to multiple infarcts involving the left parieto-occipital cortex. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a pedunculated 6 mm mitral valvular mass consistent with a papillary fibroelastoma. Anticoagulation was instituted and the patient was continued on therapeutic oral warfarin. A haematologic relapse of TTP eventually emerged and was managed with PEX, steroids and rituximab. This vignette demonstrates several dilemmas in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of TTP in current day practice. Rituximab has adjuvant benefits to PEX and is being investigated as potential first-line therapy. Monitoring ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor titre, as in our case, prove to have prognostic significance. Cardiac fibroelastomas are rare benign cardiac tumours usually arising from valvular endocardium with thromboembolic potential. One of the proposed mechanisms of origin of these masses is organizing thrombi in the setting of endocardial injury and inflammation questioning a possible link to thrombotic microangiopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this unique coexistence.

Coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility in Pt/Nb-doped SrTiO3/In memristive devices

Memristive devices are triggering innovations in the fields of nonvolatile memory, digital logic, analogue circuits, neuromorphic engineering, and so on. Creating new memristive devices with unique characteristics would be significant for these emergent applications. Here we report the coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility in Pt/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (NSTO)/In memristive devices. The Pt/NSTO interface contributes a nonvolatile resistive switching behaviour, whereas the NSTO/In interface displays a volatile hysteresis loop. Combining the two interfaces in the Pt/NSTO/In devices leads to the unique coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility. The results imply more opportunities to invent new memristive devices by engineering both interfaces in metal/insulator/metal structures.

An analysis of transmission dynamics of drug-resistant disease on scale-free networks

In this paper we present an SIR drug-resistant model on scale-free networks. The model has a disease-free equilibrium, which is globally asymptotically stable when a threshold quantity is less than one. The model has a wild strain equilibrium and a resistant strain equilibrium, which are asymptotically stable when their respective reproduction number is great than one. When treatment leads to resistance development, the model can have a unique coexistence equilibrium, and we also prove the persistence of infection. The effects of two immunization schemes, including proportional immunization scheme and targeted immunization scheme, are studied and compared. We find that targeted strategy compare favorably to a proportional immunization has prominent effect to control the disease spread on scale-free networks.

Existence and stability of time periodic traveling waves for a periodic bistable Lotka–Volterra competition system

This paper is concerned with the time periodic Lotka–Volterra competition–diffusion system{ut=d1(t)uxx+u(r1(t)−a1(t)u−b1(t)v),vt=d2(t)vxx+v(r2(t)−a2(t)u−b2(t)v),x∈R,t>0, where di(t),ri(t),ai(t),bi(t)∈Cθ2(R) are T-periodic functions, 0<θ<1, i=1,2. Under certain conditions, the system admits two stable semi-trivial periodic solutions (p(t),0) and (0,q(t)) and a unique coexistence periodic solution (u0(t),v0(t)), which is unstable and satisfies 0<u0(t)<p(t) and 0<v0(t)<q(t) for t∈[0,T]. In this paper we prove that the system admits a time periodic traveling wave solution (u(x,t),v(x,t))=(U(x+ct,t),V(x+ct,t)) connecting two periodic solutions (p(t),0) and (0,q(t)) as x→±∞, where c is the wave speed. By using a dynamical method, we show that the time periodic traveling wave solution (U(x+ct,t),V(x+ct,t)) is asymptotically stable and unique modulo translation for front-like initial values.

Electrolyte Imbalances and Nephrocalcinosis in Acute Phosphate Poisoning on Chronic Type 1 Renal Tubular Acidosis due to Sjögren's Syndrome

Although renal calcium crystal deposits (nephrocalcinosis) may occur in acute phosphate poisoning as well as type 1 renal tubular acidosis (RTA), hyperphosphatemic hypocalcemia is common in the former while normocalcemic hypokalemia is typical in the latter. Here, as a unique coexistence of these two seperated clinical entities, we report a 30-yr-old woman presenting with carpal spasm related to hypocalcemia (ionized calcium of 1.90 mM/L) due to acute phosphate poisoning after oral sodium phosphate bowel preparation, which resolved rapidly after calcium gluconate intravenously. Subsequently, type 1 RTA due to Sjögren's syndrome was unveiled by sustained hypokalemia (3.3 to 3.4 mEq/L), persistent alkaline urine pH (> 6.0) despite metabolic acidosis, and medullary nephrocalcinosis. Through this case report, the differential points of nephrocalcinosis and electrolyte imbalances between them are discussed, and focused more on diagnostic tests and managements of type 1 RTA.

Steady states of a non-cooperative model arising in nuclear engineering

This paper studies the existence and the uniqueness of coexistence states in a spatially heterogeneous reaction diffusion model originated by the theory of nuclear reactors. The mathematical relevance of our analysis relies on the fact that the underlying variational systems are of non-cooperative type and, consequently, the nice comparison techniques available for cooperative systems fail to be true, making the problem of ascertaining whether or not the model admits a unique coexistence state an extremely challenging task. In this paper we are giving a series of new uniqueness results complementing those available in the literature.

Glutamate receptors in tendinopathic patients

Tendinopathy, pain, and degeneration, may be related to the up-regulation of substance P (SP) and its activation of glutamate receptors. We hypothesized that the pathogenesis of tendinopathy involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 1 (NMDAR1) activation (phosphorylated NMDAR1; phospho-NMDAR1) co-existing with SP. Moreover, we examined the presence of metabotropic receptors that increase (mGluR1 and mGluR5) or decrease (mGluR6 and mGluR7) NMDAR1 excitability. Biopsies from patients with patellar tendinopathy (n = 10) and from controls (n = 8) were immunohistochemically analyzed according to the occurrence and tissue distribution of NMDAR1, phosho-NMDAR1, mGluR (1, 5-7), and SP. The biopsies were immunohistochemically single- and double-stained and semi-quantitatively assessed. Tendinopathic biopsies exhibited increased occurrence of NMDAR1, phospho-NMDAR1, SP, and mGluR5, while mGluR6-7 were not increased and mGluR1 was not found. The occurrence of NMDAR1 and SP correlated in tendinopathy (r(2) = 0.54, p = 0.03), but not in the controls (r(2) = 0.11, p = 0.4). Co-localization of SP and phospho-NMDAR1 within the tendon proper was only found in tendinopathy, localized on hypertrophic tenocytes, blood vessels, and penetrating free-nerve fibres. Up-regulation and activation of the glutamate receptor, phospho-NMDAR1, suggests a role in the pathophysiology of tendinopathy. Increased NMDAR1 excitability may be related to increased SP and mGluR5. The unique co-existence of SP and phospho-NMDAR1 in tendinopathy presumably reflects a tissue proliferative and nociceptive role.

Competitive Exclusion and Coexistence of Pathogens in a Homosexually-Transmitted Disease Model

A sexually-transmitted disease model for two strains of pathogen in a one-sex, heterogeneously-mixing population has been studied completely by Jiang and Chai in (J Math Biol 56:373–390, 2008). In this paper, we give a analysis for a SIS STD with two competing strains, where populations are divided into three differential groups based on their susceptibility to two distinct pathogenic strains. We investigate the existence and stability of the boundary equilibria that characterizes competitive exclusion of the two competing strains; we also investigate the existence and stability of the positive coexistence equilibrium, which characterizes the possibility of coexistence of the two strains. We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence and global stability about these equilibria under some assumptions. We verify that there is a strong connection between the stability of the boundary equilibria and the existence of the coexistence equilibrium, that is, there exists a unique coexistence equilibrium if and only if the boundary equilibria both exist and have the same stability, the coexistence equilibrium is globally stable or unstable if and only if the two boundary equilibria are both unstable or both stable.