Unique Character Research Articles

The Influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s Reggae Music in Post-independence Côte d’Ivoire

Tiken Jah Fakoly, a prominent Ivoirian reggae artist, has played an important role in the social and political development of post-independence Côte d’Ivoire. This paper explores the impact and influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music on the socio-political dynamics of the country, especially as these relate to national unity, political awareness, and social movements. To assess Fakoly’s influence on the social fabric of Côte d’Ivoire, we administered a questionnaire-based survey to a diverse sample of participants. The questions included information on demographics, music consumption habits, familiarity with Fakoly’s music, perceptions of his recordings, his influence of their sense of identity, and their impressions of the impact his music has on social and political issues. The results show that Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music has had a significant effect on the attitudes of Ivoirians and has helped shape the unique character of Ivorian reggae. His music has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity among Ivorians, and it has inspired numerous individuals to take part in advocacy and activism-related activities. The outcomes of this research have broad implications for the role African music plays in nation-building processes, in the creation of a sense of cultural identity, and in the capacity to motivate political and social movements.

Integrative description of Grevenius annulatus (Eutardigrada, Isohypsibioidea) from North‐West Russia with new data on the species cuticular structure leads to the institution of a new genus

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of the tardigrade species Grevenius annulatus was clarified using specimens from North‐West Russia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed close affinity of this species with the family Isohypsibiidae. At the same time, its isolated position within this clade, supported by a set of unique morphological and biological characters, prompted the distinguishing of a new genus Cucumibius gen. nov. A new genus Chilibius gen. nov. was also established for Isohypsibius sculptus. We provide a detailed description of the ultrastructure of C. annulatus comb. nov. body cuticle. The newly discovered presence of a complex cuticle of the ‘heterotardigrade type’ in the superfamily Isohypsibioidea is discussed.

THE PORTRAYAL OF BLACK FEMINISM IN GARY GRAY'S SET IT OFF THROUGH CRITICAL RACE THEORY

Stories in films are based on social realities in people's lives, embedding messages behind them. Each film is packed with unique characters, events and issues reflecting aspects of life from a particular perspective. One of which is the principles of black feminism in the main characters and to analyze how economic and racial factors influence the character's decision to confront existing injustices depicted in Gary Grey’s Set It Off (1996). The method used is a qualitative research method. Data collection is conducted to sort and understand the research topic by using data from scenes, dialogues, words, and phrases obtained from the film. The main theories used in this research are the Critical Race theory by Kimberlé Crenshaw and the Feminist Economics theory by Marilyn Waring. The findings reveal that the film encompasses principles of black feminism such as racial discrimination, sexism and social class which are portrayed by each main character in the film. This article also depicts the influence of economic and racial factors on the character's decisions in confronting existing injustices. Analyzing this film aims to trigger and enrich the analysis of how films depict the struggle of black women with various problems, especially racial and economic issues.

Three new species of Tmesiphorini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from the Nanling Mountains, China

Three new tmesiphorine species from the Nanling Mountains, Raphitreus septuacarinatus sp. nov., Tmesiphorus huapingensis sp. nov., and Tmesiphorus maoermontis sp. nov., are described, with illustrations of the habitus and diagnostic features. All species can be readily separated from congeners by the unique male characters as well as structure of the aedeagus. A key to genera of Tmesiphorini from Nanling is provided.

Financial Development of Disney: Analyzing Box Office Revenue, Derivative Products, and Audience Demographics

Disney is known around the world for its unique animated films, theme parks and classic characters. Through continuous innovation and development, Disney has combined The traditional art of animation with modern technology to create many classic animated films such as "The Lion King," "Frozen" and "Beauty and the Beast."This paper explores Disney's success factors in terms of box office revenue, derivative products, and audience demographiAnalyzingzing relevant literature and it summarizes how Disney has solidified its leading position in the global entertainment industry through high-grossing films, a wide range of derivative products, and precise market positioning. The study reveals that Disney's continuous innovation and market adaptation, including the introduction of new content and diverse products, have successfully attracted audiences of all ages. The paper also provides recommendations for further enhancing Disney's market position and audience engagement, such as investing in original content, emphasizing diversity and inclusivity, and expanding digital and interactive experiences.

Morphology of the unique egg cases of hornsharks (Heterodontiformes: Heterodontidae).

Many of the egg cases of oviparous chondrichthyans remain unknown and undescribed in the literature. Egg cases can be a useful taxonomic character for species distinction and can be a valuable indicator of a species distribution in the field. In this study, the egg cases for 9 of the 10 nominal species of Heterodontus are described and compared, and the terminology and methodology for studying them are standardized. Heterodontus egg cases are distinct and easily identifiable from other oviparous egg cases by having a unique corkscrew shape formed by a pair of lateral keels spiraling along its length. Heterodontus egg cases range between 7.5 and 14.5 cm in egg case length, 3.7 and 5.8 cm in egg case width at midportion, and have 0.75-4 complete rotations. Morphometric measurements of egg cases from the nine species were subjected to multivariate analysis, with unique characters enabling distinction between them. Egg cases can be separated into three morphotypes: the "wide keels lacking tendrils" group, the "narrow keels with tendrils" group, and the "wide keels with tendrils" group. The egg case of Heterodontus ramalheira remains unknown.

Illuminating tandem reactions characterized by temporal separation of catalytic activities via DFT calculations: A case study of Ni-catalyzed alkyne semi-hydrogenation

The concept of “temporal separation of catalytic activities” outlines a scenario where multiple transformations within a catalytic tandem reaction proceed sequentially over time without mutual interference. After presenting several examples of such reactions, we specifically focus on an example of the Ni-catalyzed alkyne semi-hydrogenation as a significant case study. By performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we illuminate the unique dynamic character of the reaction that the intermediate remains dormant until the reactant exhausted. The insights gained from the present calculations have led us to propose a comprehensive energy landscape model for the catalytic tandem reactions with temporal separation of catalytic activities, which offers a logical explanation for the temporal dormancy of the intermediate. This class of reactions is expected to be highly valuable as it presents the opportunity to fine-tune individual reaction steps, thereby introducing fresh concepts for precise control of reactions in one-pot chemistry.

Enhancing Team Cohesion Through a Custom MOBA Game: Development, Implementation & Impact

The quality of a team in organizations has an impact on the success of the team in achieving their goals. Team building activities are one of the elements which can improve relationships in different kinds of teams. One of those can be playing competitive digital games, whether for teams working remotely or on site. This paper presents a case study that explores the design and development process of an innovative online game that combines elements of third-person action and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games to provide an experience that strengthens team cohesion. The game design and mechanics support distribution of team roles based on Belbin's theory, highlighting the importance of diverse roles for balanced team functionality. By integrating unique character functions, the game encourages players to understand and appreciate the different roles individuals play in a team, enhancing empathy and mutual respect among team members. The game is uniquely designed to be simpler and more accessible than typical MOBAs, making it an ideal tool for educational and organizational settings to boost team cohesion and communication skills among people from various backgrounds. The leveling of the playing field allows individuals with minimal gaming experience to participate fully and effectively. The design principles ensure that the core mechanics of the game encourage teamwork and effective communication over individual skill, emphasizing collective success. The case study delves into the development process, the challenges faced, the solutions implemented, and the outcomes observed as part of a research project conducted between 2022-2023. The findings suggest that game-based learning can significantly transform traditional team-building methods, introducing a new paradigm for fostering high-performance teams in an increasingly digital world.

Low‐Temperature Domestic Deep‐Frying of Soybean‐Cake Tempe in Vegetable Cooking Oils: How Many Times Are Stable to Use?

ABSTRACTTempe has gained global popularity, with local vegetable oils commonly used for frying. This study evaluates the cooking temperature and stability of five vegetable oils (olive [Oo], palm [Po], canola [Cnlo], sunflower [Sfo], and coconut [Cco]) for deep‐frying Tempe, using acid and peroxide values (AV and PV), antiradical activity, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. AV, PV, and linolenic acid (LNA) were referenced to international standards for vegetable oil (0.6 mg KOH/g, 10 mEq of oxygen/kg oil, and 2% for AV, PV, LNA respectively). The initial oil temperature was 130°C ± 1°C, with final temperatures between 145.7°C ± 6.8°C at the lowest and 156.8°C ± 13.0°C at the highest, well below existing studies (≥170°C–250°C). Based on AV and PV, Oo, Po, and Cco were stable up to the fourth, fifth, and eighth frying repeat (FR). The PV of Cnlo (10.2 mEq of oxygen/kg oil) and Sfo (15.5 mEq of oxygen/kg oil) exceeded the maximum limit after one use. The Fresh Cnlo LNA (7.35%) was higher than the limit, while the rest of the oils remained lower and stable until the seventh FR. Po exhibited the highest average antiradical activity (85.42% ± 4.63%), followed by Oo (31.01% ± 10.26%), Sfo (27.96% ± 9.67%), Cnlo (21.85% ± 5.71%), and Cco (14.40% ± 3.46%). Cco had the highest saturated fatty acids (SFA), Oo had the highest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Sfo had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). No significant SFA, MUFA, or PUFA changes were observed up to the seventh FR. Trans‐fatty acids C18:1n 9T and C18:2n 6T were undetected in fresh and used oil, indicating a unique character in low‐temperature deep‐frying in domestic settings. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of low‐temperature deep‐frying of Tempe. It suggests that Oo, Po, Cnlo, Sfo, and Cco were stable to deep‐fried Tempe for four, five, zero, one, and eight FR, respectively. Deep‐frying Tempe at lower temperatures and for a shorter duration may enhance its health benefits and help retain its flavor.”

Embryonic development of the world's smallest puffer fish, Carinotetraodon travancoricus - a threatened freshwater fish of the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot.

The Malabar dwarf puffer, Carinotetraodon travancoricus is the smallest known pufferfish (family Tetraodontidae) and one of the smallest freshwater fishes of the Indian subcontinent. Due to their miniature size, wacky behaviour and appearance, they are much preferred in the international aquarium fish trade, although little is known regarding their breeding activity in captivity and their embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to fill these knowledge gaps. Wild-caught Malabar dwarf puffers were acclimatised to conditions, and pairs were introduced to breeding tanks. Adult fishes were fed with live and frozen diets including Artemia nauplii, moina and bloodworm. During spawning seasons, adult fish displayed elaborate courtship behaviour around sunset. Carinotetraodon travancoricus is a batch spawner releasing 1 to 5 eggs per diem. The eggs were spherical, and non-sticky, with a diameter of 1.48 ± 0.1 mm, and hatching took place after 108 to 116 h post-incubation. The newly hatched larvae were 3.5 ± 0.2 mm in length, and weighed 2.9 ± 0.4 mg. The early larvae have substantial yolk and oil globules as an energy reserve. Histological studies on mature females suggested the batch spawning nature of the species and low fecundity. Given its unique reproductive behaviour and characters, in situ protected habitats are required to ensure their continued survival in the wild, apart from encouraging captive breeding to augment the demand in the international aquarium fish trade.

EKSPLORASI PENOKOHAN DAN KONFLIK INTERPERSONAL DALAM NOVEL PERANG BUBAT KARYA AAN MERDEKA PERMANA

The urgency for innovation in senior high school literature teaching materials has prompted this research. Historical novels with a psychological literary perspective are still rarely used as teaching materials. Hence, this research focuses on analyzing the characterization and conflicts in Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat as an alternative teaching material for senior high school literature. Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, this research gathered data in the form of words and analyzed it using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The analyzed characters include Dyah Pitaloka, Hayam Wuruk, Gajah Mada, and Prabu Lingga Buana. The findings reveal unique character traits in the characters of Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat. These unique characteristics are classified into the id, ego, and superego. The research results were then transformed into senior high school literature teaching materials in the form of teaching modules and handouts. It is recommended that Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat be used as a teaching material for senior high school literature, particularly for grade XII, as an alternative to outdated teaching materials. The proposed teaching materials in this research are teaching modules and handouts designed to facilitate the understanding of the novel.

“Unreal city”: Juxtaposition of Calcutta-past and Kolkata-present in Sarnath Banerjee’s The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers

ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore the construction of the cityspace in Sarnath Banerjee’s graphic novel The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers (2007). It argues that such an analysis of Kolkata would help to better understand the unique spatiotemporal identity of the city. The study employs a close reading of Banerjee’s graphic narrative to comprehend how it depicts Kolkata as a city suspended across space-time. The analysis includes examining the use of multiple authorial voices, representation of time periods, and the strategic utilisation of visual elements to convey political themes, and even to regulate the narrative flow. The paper asserts that Banerjee’s graphic novel presents Kolkata as a simulacrum, blending past and present timeframes to construct a dialectical existence of the city. It adds to the existing discourse by highlighting the significance of economic and political realities in shaping perceptions of space, in addition to socio-cultural factors. The paper also emphasises the importance of indigenous perspectives in interpreting the text, particularly in relation to Kolkata’s unique postcolonial character.

Structural and Coherence Analysis Towards The Renunciation

While many researchers have paid attention to Rabindranath Tagore's poems, few have analyzed his short stories, still less on a specific story, like The Renunciation. The fiction critiques the caste system of Hinduism and portrays a unique female character. This paper proposes that structural and coherence analysis can assist in a better appreciation of the story. The disruption of the timeline emphasizes the importance of a series of events occurred in the past. Coherence relations within them are established and analyzed so that the caste system's role as the origin of perpetuating tragedy among Hindus is explicitly revealed. The blank in the timeline along with the nightingale which appears throughout the novel indicates the plight of women in Hindu society. Analyses in this paper provide argumentation for views proposed in previous studies, namely Tagore's firm stance against the caste system and his empathy for suffering women, from a new angle. It also demonstrates the feasibility of linguistic theories appliance to the field of literary criticism.

Analysis of the electronic nature and transport properties of Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa by computational electronic structure calculations

AbstractElectronic and thermoelectric properties of the full‐Heusler materials Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa are studied, using first‐principles full potential linearized augmented plane waves method. To treat the exchange correlation, Generalized Gradient Approximation parameterized by PBE‐sol with the inclusion of spin polarization is used. The frequency fluctuation order is continual at 300 K after heating to 3 ps with very small distraction in the atomic structure conforming the structure stability of the studied structures. Also inclusion of spin‐orbit coupling effect on density of states undermines significant change in peaks specially d‐states in the materials and caused a degeneracy. Band structure analysis clarified that states crossing the Fermi level have the importance for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of the materials. The topology of the states indicates a gap at the bulk level, which is the unique character of the heavy elements in the materials Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa. Thermoelectric properties are calculated for a temperature of 300 K using semi‐classical Boltzmann's theory implemented in BoltzTraP code. In these calculations, it is found that these materials favor electron doping with having maximum values of ZT in the n‐type region.

Two new species of Hamaxas Burr, 1907 (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae) from China

ABSTRACT Two new species of the chelisochid genus Hamaxas Burr, 1907, Hamaxas dayaoshana sp. nov. and Hamaxas yunnana sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Guangxi Province and Yunnan Province of China, respectively. The two new species are distinguished by unique morphological characters of male forceps and genitalia. A key to species of Hamaxas of China is provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1DDDD77D-338D-45C1-BE42-39C604E46959

Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) in Historic Coal Mining Settings for Landscape Conservation: A Systematic Review

Landscape character assessment (LCA) is a crucial tool for conserving an area’s unique character. However, in our literature review, we found no data linking LCA to historic coal mining settings. This systematic review explores the ways in which the landscape character assessment (LCA) methodology has been applied, as well as the factors that influence it, in the conservation of historic coal mine landscapes. It focuses on three areas: analyzing the ways in which LCA has been applied in landscape conservation, proposing recommendations for the application of LCA in historic coal mine setting landscapes, and summarizing the factors that influence LCA in landscape conservation in historic coal mine settings. Methods: This study used the Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to perform the systematic review. The whole review was selected from 2030 potential articles; a total of 21 articles were included. Results: This study demonstrates that the LCA approach can be operationalized in the conservation of environmental landscapes in historic coal mines by combining cluster analysis and multi-scale assessment and incorporating other theories. The quality of the results can be affected by factors such as the accuracy and completeness of the data and the complexity and tractability of the model. Conclusions: Future research should focus on improving the data capture technology, model complexity, and design of actionable models. Additionally, we recommend the strategies of enhancing stakeholder engagement and raising public awareness.

Phase retrieval from a single diffraction intensity pattern by generating the support constraint using deep learning

Phase retrieval is an essential technique for imaging applications in many fields such as biology and materials science. The fundamental challenge lies in reconstructing objects from measured intensity patterns. A prevalent solution involves an iterative strategy that alternates projections between the object and detector planes. However, reconstructing objects from a single diffraction intensity pattern remains challenging due to the absence of constraints at the object plane. Here, we propose a learning-based approach that generates reliable object support in real time from its autocorrelation support. With the generated support as the constraint for the object plane, we show that the convergence of iterative phase retrieval algorithms can be markedly enhanced. Compared with the end-to-end learning-based methods, the proposed method has a unique character that the training features are binary supports, instead of the type and content of objects, so that our approach has better generalization. Furthermore, one of the advantages of our method is that it uses simulated data for training, eliminating the need for experimental data collection.

The history and future of IPCC special reports: A dual role of politicisation and normalisation

The special reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have a unique character in IPCC scientific assessment. Their main purpose is to address specific timely issues of policy relevance. This article explores the nature and role of IPCC special reports along the lines of three questions: (1) the history (‘where they come from’); (2) the function (‘what they are doing’); and (3) the future (‘where they are going’). In earlier assessment cycles, special reports were characterised mostly as a direct channel for quickly responding to the request from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The conduct of special reports has been gradually institutionalised to embed its planning in the overall scoping of the entire assessment cycle. More recently, they have become a vehicle to consolidate cross-cutting scientific perspectives and serve the diverse needs of the international policy community, not only the UNFCCC. This historical evolution is, in a sense, the result of striving for greater policy relevance. Special reports have a dual political function—namely, turning into the site or object of politicised debates on science (politicisation) and serving as ‘de facto governance’ with the effect of normalising politically contested ideas (normalisation). This dual function is two different faces emerging from the process into which the IPCC is brought to deal with political controversy. The duality of the two functions also manifests inherent tensions that lie behind the IPCC’s ‘policy-relevant but not policy-prescriptive’ principle. For the future of special reports, the IPCC could reconsider the role of special reports in light of the priority over comprehensive assessment reports, the responsiveness to the UNFCCC request and the selection and scope definition of timely topics. However, there will remain a trade-off between provisional science and lasting political impact caused by the future undertaking of IPCC special reports on any topic.

Pendampingan Penyusunan Konsep Wisata Berbasis Potensi Lokal pada Objek Wisata Pulau Semut Kelurahan Limbungan

Riverside areas have unique and varied characters that are not the same as others in terms of social, economic, cultural, and environmental aspects. The unique and specific character of the Pulau Semut Tourism object located in the Limbungan Village Pengambangan Area can be developed according to its potential. The location is on the side of the river which is still natural because it has a mangrove forest that is still beautiful. The local wisdom of this tourist attraction is that it is managed by the local community, with tourist destinations that are still natural, and there are several local products from fish processing that are worth developing as a local potential-based tourism concept. Partners still need to be assisted in terms of preparing local potential-based tourism concepts. The methods used are the discussion method, activity planning method, and implementation method. The result is that the concept displayed on the map is the local potential, namely the balimau spot and the culinary meatballs of rasau fish. In conclusion, the preparation of the Ant Island tourism concept emphasizes the local potential of Ant Island tourism.

THE PORTRAYAL OF JAKE SULLY PERSONALITY TRAITS AND HIS SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE AVATAR MOVIE

Every person is created with a unique character that distinguishes one from another in terms of personality traits that defines the way he interacts with the society. Jake Sully, as the main character in the Avatar movie, portrays this relationship between personality traits and social interactions. This research used the Avatar (2009) movie by James Cameron as the object of the research and applied the personality traits theory from Costa and McCrae and the social interaction theory from Tischler. The research methodology used was descriptive qualitative. Two types of data were primary and secondary data. Primary data were taken from the movie Avatar. Meanwhile, secondary data were taken from e-books, e-journals, and articles about personality traits and social interaction. Watching the movie, reading the movies script, identifying data, classifying data, and reducing data were done in collecting the data. The result finds that the personality traits in Jake Sully are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Moreover, the social interactions experienced by Jake Sully are non-verbal behavioral, exchange, cooperation, and conflict. Finally, it can be concluded that personality traits influences the social interaction of a person.