Union Success Research Articles

Comparison of three methods of greater trochanter fixation in intertrochanteric femur fractures (AO type 31/A2) treated with cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the three most commonly used fixation methods for the fractured trochanter major fragment in patients undergoing uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: The medical records of 231 acute hip fracture cases aged 65 years and older with AO classification 31/A2.2 and 31/A2.3 who underwent unilateral primary cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty at Adana Şehir Training and Research Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The files were classified into three groups based on the fixation technique used in the operation. Results: There were 231 files, with a mean age of 82.3±7.9. The majority (55.8%) were classified as ASA III. The analysis resulted in no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, number of days between the day of the injury and the day of the surgery, fixation failure, nonunion, number of revision surgeries, hospitalization duration, and HHS recorded at the third and sixth-month follow-up visits. Among the 73 males and 158 females, the ratio of the side in which the fracture occurred showed no difference (p=0.854). The female rate was significantly higher in group 3 compared to other groups (p=0.003). Regarding union success, cases in group 1 had significantly lower trochanter major union rates (p

International trade and economic growth in Croatia

This article argues that Croatia’s growth over the past two decades is deeply related to the dynamics of international trade. Under the premise that what is bought and sold in global markets reflects the economy’s fundamentals, we show that the rate of growth compatible with equilibrium in the balance-of-payments, i.e. the dynamic Harrod trade multiplier, is a good predictor of the country’s actual long-run growth rate. For this purpose, we apply a state–space model and the Kalman smoother to obtain time-varying parameter estimates of the exports and imports functions. We use these estimates to investigate the determinants of international non-price competitiveness. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Weighted Average Least Squares (WALS) techniques are combined to tackle model selection uncertainty. It is shown that R&D investments and human capital accumulation are the most important explanatory variables. The success of the European Union’s (EU) integration process depends on the capacity of its new members to achieve a balanced-growth path. Being the last country to join the union, the experience of this single country is particularly relevant to understand possible development alternatives for the region. We conclude by highlighting the policy relevance of our findings to the evaluation of Croatia’s catching-up performance as part of the EU.

Running From the Union Label? Labor and Business Political Mobilization in the Golden Age

This paper assesses labor's political effectiveness in the industrial Midwest at the peak of union strength during the 1950s—a time and place that should have been ripe for labor mobilization. Comparing labor and business mobilization and outcomes across key labor elections, I find that politicians and business groups were often successful in persuading industrial communities to vote against labor's interests while unions struggled to shed outsider and greedy special interest labels. To make sense of labor's mixed performance, I draw on social movement theory and the inter-related nature of union mobilization, countermovement organization, and the framing of labor issues. Labor struggled when facing a well-organized business countermovement, which effectively weaponized the union label against labor. Union success hinged in part on their ability to downplay union identity and to have other more respected community partners do much of the public-facing work, but only when facing a fractured opposition. The findings point to important vulnerabilities unions faced at their peak and suggest a more nuanced view of postwar labor relations. They also extend social movement research on framing by identifying the important role of countermovements and coalitions in shaping what movements can convey and what will resonate.

When opposites attract—Impact of cultural distance and polarised success in the future of economic unions

Aggregations between nations may be originated from many reasons: military, political, religious and especially economic. Basing ourselves on neoclassical economic theory and identity theory (i.e. local versus global), the aim of this research is to focus on international economic unions. Thus, we consider as economic polarizations, to investigate the levels of cultural homogeneity within the single polarization, to verify: i) whether in the single aggregation there is, in addition to economic harmonization, also cultural homogeneity and ii), if cultural homogeneity goes hand in hand with the economic success of the aggregation, with the help of Hofstede Model on 5 international economic unions. We also determine the crucial weight of cultural heterogeneity on the success of economic unions. The results also offer relevant theoretical and managerial implications for future aggregations.

Comparison of Two Different Implants in Medial Malleolus Fracture.

We compared two different techniques used in medial malleolus fracture. It has been hypothesized that the hook plate technique, which has become widespread in recent years, may have an advantage over cannulated screws. Preoperative and postoperative data for medial malleolus fractures operated on between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into those operated on with a hook plate (n = 20) and those operated on with compression screws (n = 20) and were compared in terms of complications, pain, functional recovery, union success, and ankle joint range of motion. Fracture union times were recorded. Between groups, there were no significant differences in time to fracture union, pain, range of motion, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (P = .420). Handling of the implant in a very weak patient in the hook plate group and revision in the cannulated screw group were the differences in complications between groups. The use of hook plates in a patient with medial malleolus fracture with metaphyseal fracture provided significant convenience in osteosynthesis. Use of hook plates provides serious advantages to the surgeon in medial malleolus fractures with small or fragmented fragments and combined with malleolus metaphyseal fractures. Having a larger implant versus a cannulated screw is seen as a disadvantage, but screwing the implant close to the cortex increases its strength. Therefore, its use should be given priority in patients who are mentally unable to weightbear after surgery. Although hook plate is advantageous compared with cannulated screw in appropriate indications, it can be used safely in all malleolus fractures where cannulated screws are used.

Union purpose and power: Regulating the fissured workplace

Notwithstanding long membership decline and fresh threats in workplaces, there is evidence that unions can still exercise power even in the unlikely setting of fissured workplaces. The question is: in what particular ways do unions exercise power and for what purpose? This study of union success in a fissured supply chain argues that, to answer this question, considerations of union power must be tied more explicitly to strategic choices, union purpose, and to how conditions are regulated. In so doing, it challenges the argument in ‘power resources theory’ that power is chiefly measured between actors, and suggests that there is a necessary prior step: considering the power resources available to a specific actor. Similarly, it undermines the idea that power needs to be transformed to be effective and instead suggests that it is only through the interplay of power resources available to unions that any individual power becomes effective.

Comparative study on Kirschner-wire and screw fixation for intra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx head

Purpose: This study compared screw and Kirschner-wire (K-wire) fixation for intra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx head regarding the success of union and functional outcomes.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients with closed intra-articular fractures of the proximal phalangeal head treated between January 2011 and December 2021. Patients with open wounds, tendon or neurovascular injuries, comminuted fractures, or middle phalangeal fractures were excluded. Patients’ demographics, bone union, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint range of motion (ROM), grip power, and complications were collected and analyzed. The percentage of intra-articular surface involvement and the number of bone fragments were also analyzed in relation to the functional results.Results: Among 41 patients, 21 were managed with screw fixation, and the remaining 20 with K-wire fixation. The mean union rate was 100% in the screw fixation group and 95.0% in the K-wire fixation group, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.488). Other functional parameters (PIP joint ROM, time to bone union, and grip power) were not significantly different between the two groups. Regardless of the treatment modality, the PIP joint ROM showed significant negative associations with the involvement of more intra-articular surfaces (p<0.001) and the presence of a greater number of bone fragments (p=0.040).Conclusion: In intra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx head, the treatment modality (screw or K-wire) did not affect the treatment outcome. Instead, the percentage of intra-articular surface involvement and the number of bone fragments showed significant negative associations with the PIP joint ROM after treatment.

Breaking the Blockade: The Bahamas during the Civil War by Charles D. Ross

Reviewed by: Breaking the Blockade: The Bahamas during the Civil War by Charles D. Ross Stephen D. Engle Breaking the Blockade: The Bahamas during the Civil War. By Charles D. Ross. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2021. Pp. xviii, 235. Paper, $30.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-3135-4; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-3134-7.) As the Union and Confederate governments scrambled to put people in the right places to win the Civil War, maintains Charles D. Ross, few could imagine that Nassau, the largest city and capital of the Bahamas, would become a "mixture of Sodom, Gomorrah, and the Dutch tulip craze of the 1600s" thanks [End Page 568] to the transformative wealth that poured into the tiny island between 1861 and 1865 (p. 5). Night and day, the ships rolled in and out of the harbor, generating an illicit trade between the British and the Confederates that not only made islanders richer than they could have imagined but also kept the Confederacy alive. In Breaking the Blockade: The Bahamas during the Civil War, Ross, whose works in the past have enlightened us about technology, acoustical shadows, and gunpowder, now brings forth an underexplored aspect of maritime trade in the Bahamas and its international implications. It is a wartime story that investigates the complex interplay (economic, social, and political) present in a tiny community nearly forgotten in Civil War lore. Torn between economic riches and political loyalty, residents motivated by profits often failed to interfere with a trade that was both lucrative and divisive. In this account, Ross singles out Nassau's pivotal role in participating in a trading system that sustained the Confederate war effort through most of the conflict. What contemporaries characterized as the "Great Carnival" became a wartime history rich in its significance to the people and place of the tiny islands (p. xi). He explores the motivations behind the appreciable growth that transformed into the great wealth that the war brought to these islands, which were ideally situated for the establishment of an oceanic transshipment point. The pro-Confederate population, Ross maintains, turned a blind eye to British neutrality, which allowed massive wealth into the city that not only generated significant internal improvements that left their mark on the local society but also brought crime and corruption. He explores in detail the daily drama that defined the changing culture and describes how local government and business merchants both cooperated and collided in establishing trade and commercial relationships. Yet, as the war endured, and yellow fever epidemics and changing governing structures went in a new direction, the new Bahamian governor was more committed to the United States than to the British, and more committed to following British and international law. However, the Union success by the end of 1864 brought the Great Carnival to an abrupt end, followed two years later by a devastating hurricane that destroyed the island and the wealth generated by the war. Beyond illuminating the international crossroads between the United States, the Bahamas, and the United Kingdom, Ross is perhaps best when he devotes his attention to exploring the daily life of those shaped by the war's transformative life and economic boom. In the streets and shops, he argues, Confederate sympathy existed among the commoners and merchants alike, and the Union's blockade further contributed to the political and cultural mindset that drove them into a greater hostility toward the Union. Deeply and impressively researched in several repositories in the United States, the Bahamas, and the United Kingdom, Breaking the Blockade uses a broad lens and a deft pen to capture an important and compelling story that sheds light on the perils and rewards of blockade-running in the Civil War. Students and enthusiasts alike will find Ross's book to be a model work in every regard, and readers will come away with a better understanding of how and why the Confederacy lasted as long as it did. [End Page 569] Stephen D. Engle Florida Atlantic University Copyright © 2022 The Southern Historical Association

Working towards a green job?: Autoworkers, climate change and the role of collective identity in union renewal

This article examines the important, yet under-examined, issue of green workforce development and industrial relations and the role of unions and workers in shaping a transition to a green economy. Based on interviews with labour leaders and rank-and-file workers in the auto manufacturing sector in Ontario, Canada, this article interrogates how environmentalism and climate change potentially construct a sense of purpose among heterogenous union members, particularly in the context of decreasing union power, de-industrialization and neoliberalism. In order to understand how climate change can shape union purpose, we investigate how a diverse range of union members – beyond leaders – understand climate change and the appropriate strategies to address it and how this sustains or hinders collective identity within the union. We argue that understanding internal differences in collective identities is key for unions to start to rebuild power resources. Our research demonstrates that future union success and solidarity among workers might be dependent on the ability of unions to recognize and negotiate multiple collective identities. By incorporating innovations into the union, a more flexible and multi-dimensional collective identity regarding labour environmentalism could be built and sustained.

Caffeinated Union Organizing

Recently we noted the initial success of union organizing at Starbucks stores in Buffalo, New York. With the ink barely dry on those ballot counts, the Starbucks Workers United union announced upwards of 80 new organizing efforts across the country. In a blitzkrieg‐like strategy, the union is targeting multiple locations simultaneously in an effort that is intended to impair the ability of Starbucks to push back effectively.

​Standardization of Grafting in Bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Background: Commercial cultivation of bitter gourd is affected by biotic stresses like mosaic disease, fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode as well as abiotic stress like drought. Grafting with resistant rootstocks can be a tool to control these problems. In vegetable production, grafting is exploited commercially in many parts of the world. The cultivated area of grafted solanaceae and cucubitaceae plants has increased tremendously in recent years because of the advantages of grafted plants. Commercial use of vegetable grafting is a relatively recent innovation in India and scientific information on grafting in bittergourd is meager. In this context, identification of suitable rootstocks and standardization of grafting techniques that do not have adverse effect on yield and fruit quality not only lay foundation for further evaluation on tolerance to different biotic and abiotic stresses but also enhance the area and production of bitter gourd especially in sustainable production systems. Methods: Grafting in bitter gourd was carried out with three grafting methods such as hole insertion grafting, one cotyledon grafting and cleft grafting using growth regulators viz., alar and CCC to control height of rootstocks in order to identify suitable method, growth regulator and its concentration. The grafting experiment was done independently to four cucurbitaceous rootstocks viz., sponge gourd, pumpkin, bottle gourd and bitter gourd using bittergourd var. Preethi as scion. Height and diameter of the rootstocks before grafting were recorded and then the growth regulators alar and CCC each at 10 mgL-1 and 50 mgL-1 along with distilled water as control were sprayed on rootstocks in order to prevent the lodging of the root stocks and then grafted using different methods. Days taken for graft union and percentage success were also evaluated after grafting. Result: Our study of grafting bitter gourd scion into four cucurbitaceous rootstocks utilizing three methods and two growth regulators at two different concentration along with control exhibited significant difference in graft success among the methods as well as concentration of growth regulator in all four experiments. This work can be further utilized for imparting resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses in bitter gourd by selecting suitable rootstocks.

Role of Trade Union on Labour Administration on its Associate’s Performance in TNSTC, Kumbakonam Division–I

The existence of a recognized and strong trade union is vital for an industrial process to run smoothly. Act 651, also called the Labor Act 2003, was formed to help, and act as a guide to maintain a peaceful relationship between the employees and the management. It becomes important to acknowledge the major role the Union Activities have for an organization. These roles include maintaining harmony among employers and employees of an industry; negotiating or dealing with employees; serving as a director and guide for the employees for directing their concerns; and other similar roles. Decisions taken through a process of collective negotiation and bargaining between unions and the employer are highly influential. Trade unions, along with their important roles, are also helpful in maintaining an effective communication channel between the management and the workers. However, this study revealed the purpose of Job security, to protect from economic hazards, get respect from peers, express grievances through a trade union, get economic security, restrain management from acting, and gain more Bargaining Power is, a few reasons which compel a worker to join with the Trade Unions. The participation of all the employees in trade union activities can be motivated for the success of the trade union of the Corporation. The Union is involved in managing the working hours, holidays, or leaves, Managing the reshuffling or temporary transfers, Managing the dismissals or mandatory retirement, managing the collective agreement, Managing the labor hiring, Managing the employment, and staffing standards, Managing the bonus and wages, the standard for retirement allowance and annuity, Union manages the employee welfare. Hence the trade union has to take serious steps and bargain with the Corporation to ensure the job security of the employees. Hence the present study was aimed at analyzing the union activities on labour management on its member’s performance in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Kumbakonam Division – I.

Risk Sharing in the EMU: A Time‐Varying Perspective

AbstractThe development of effective risk sharing mechanisms is one of the main passages for the success and longevity of a monetary union. In this paper, we study risk sharing, measured as income and consumption smoothing, in the EMU. As we employ time‐varying estimations, we are able to retrieve time patterns of risk sharing for each member country and to compare them with the degree of economic asymmetry within the EMU. Other than documenting the need for stronger risk sharing mechanisms in the EMU, our results also suggest that much more attention should be dedicated to fostering homogeneity in risk sharing across member countries. We document the existence of increasing heterogeneity in the risk sharing capacity between member countries that can potentially exacerbate and amplify the impact of asymmetric shocks and further destabilize the EMU.

Collective bargaining in Canada in the age of precarious employment

ABSTRACT The decline in the prevalence of the Standard Employment Relationship in Canada has created challenges for Canadian unions. This article reviews the available estimates of the prevalence of precarious employment and gig work in Canada. Using data from the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario (PEPSO) research group it evaluates both the success of unions in organising workers in precarious employment and bargaining for them. The last section reviews recent union strategies to organise workers in precarious employment with a focus on the subset of precarious employment referred to as gig work. Organising gig workers presents unique challenges for unions as many are deemed by their employers as independent contractors and as a result not covered by existing Canadian labour legislation and hence not eligible for union membership. The paper concludes by arguing that organising precarious workers is a work in progress, whose ultimate outcome remains uncertain.

Power resources and successful trade union actions that address precarity in adverse contexts: The case of Central and Eastern Europe

Is it possible for trade unions to fight precarity in an adverse global context? Although existing research suggests this is possible, there is limited understanding of the interplay of resources that enable unions to address precarity in deregulated markets. This study employs a power resource approach to investigate how unions overcome their external constraints. It draws upon 130 in-depth interviews with key informants across nine Central and Eastern European countries to investigate successful and unsuccessful union actions in sectors with differing external resources. In each sector, unions that mobilise their internal resources have been able to reduce various precarity dimensions, such as low wages, lack of voice, and irregular working time. The results reveal that unions whose objectives are based on convincing win–win discourses can make strides, acting as drivers of change in precarity patterns even in unfavourable conditions. Moreover, the study introduces a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of union success, identifying union actions that result in measurable improvements in precarity dimensions for all worker types. To deepen understanding of the role unions play in fighting precarity in adverse contexts, future research could investigate union actions that improve a wider range of precarity dimensions for all workers.

A GLOBAL VAR ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SHOCK SPILLOVERS TO WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Motivated by the drive to achieve monetary union in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the vulnerability of member countries to global and regional shocks is examined, using the global VAR (GVAR) framework so constructed for the purpose. The global shocks are those due to global commodity prices, oil and food prices, while the regional shocks capture the influence of their major trading partners; the United States (US) and China. We estimate a 59-unit GVAR model comprising advanced and emerging economies. Two findings are discernible from the results. First, the constituent countries are vulnerable to both global and regional shocks. Second, after grouping the countries into two recognized divisions [i.e., the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)], we find significant variations in their response to shocks. These findings have implications on the common monetary zone agenda for the region, particularly as regards to the heterogeneous response and vulnerability of the constituent countries to shocks. Resolving such vulnerabilities is a major requirement for the success of a monetary union.

Dualism or solidarity? Conditions for union success in regulating precarious work

This article summarizes and reviews research on union responses to precarious work in Europe, based on a systematic coding of 56 case study-based articles published between 2008 and 2019. Analyses of these cases suggest two paths to labour market dualism, with the first involving institutional fragmentation and union division, and the second a combination of weak structural power and partnership-oriented union identities. The authors also identify two paths to solidarity, with the result of reduced precarity for peripheral workers: a conflict-based path and a social partnership-based path. Campaigns to organize migrant workers present distinctive institutional and structural challenges to unions, with studies involving migrants most often finding ‘failed solidarity’, in which inclusive organizing fails to reduce precarity. The article integrates these findings with past frameworks on union responses to precarious work and concludes with recommendations for future research.

Does tackle height influence offload success in rugby union? Analysis from the 2019 Rugby World Cup

Offloads are an effective way of breaking through a defensive line in rugby union. Higher tackle heights are considered an effective strategy to defend against offloads. However, in a bid to reduce head injuries, there is a cultural shift within the rules of the game to tackle lower down on the body. This study used match video analysis of ten games from the 2019 Rugby World Cup to investigate whether tackle height influences offload success for the ball carrier. Each legal tackle was categorised based on tackle height (e.g. shoulder), player body position (e.g. upright), tackle type (e.g. shoulder tackle), tackle direction (e.g. front on) and player position (e.g. tight forwards). For each characteristic, the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated based on offload success outcome. Tackles at the hip (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.96, p = 0.018) and upper leg (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.90, p = 0.001) had a greater propensity to result in offload success while tackles at shoulder height reduced offload success (OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.22, p < 0.001). A bent at the waist tackler against an upright ball carrier had a greater propensity to result in offload success (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.54, p = 0.004). Tackling lower increased the chances of offload success for the ball carrier. The cultural shift towards lower tackle heights is likely to result in an increased number of offloads and it is up to players, coaches and defensive systems to be able to adapt to this.

Impact of Hardware Choice on Talonavicular Arthrodesis Non-Union Rate

Category:Midfoot/Forefoot; Ankle Arthritis; HindfootIntroduction/Purpose:Talonavicular arthrodesis is a commonly performed procedure in orthopedic foot and ankle surgery, for conditions including osteoarthritis, instability, and others. The surgery is frequently performed as part of a double or triple arthrodesis. Multiple surgical constructs have been described, including screws, plate/screw constructs, and staple/screw constructs. Few studies exist that specifically focus on the talonavicular joint, and those that do are often limited by low patient volumes. Studies that do study non-union of the talonavicular joint do not offer comparative data on non-union rates between the different methods of fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of arthrodesis in talonavicular fusion surgery among different fixation techniques and determine if hardware has a significant effect on union rate.Methods:This study is a retrospective single institution, multi-surgeon study evaluating arthrodesis rates in the talonavicular joint. Adult patients undergoing primary talonavicular fusion (isolated or as part of double/triple arthrodesis) from 2015-2018 with a minimum of 3 month radiographic follow-up were studied. Patients undergoing revision talonavicular fusion or fusion as part of Charcot reconstruction were excluded. Patient radiographic and chart notes were reviewed to assess fixation type (single screw, 2-hole compression plate, screw + staple, or 4-hole plate), the status of the arthrodesis at >=3 months and any hardware complications or reoperations following the index procedure. Descriptive statistics were generated for standard patient demographics and co-morbidities. Non-union rates were calculated for the cohort as a whole and for each fixation technique utilized along with the frequency of hardware complications/removal. Univariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for increased non-union rate, including patient demographics, co-morbidities, and fixation technique.Results:A total of 101 patients were included. Hardware included 69 single screws, 27 two-hole compression plates, and 4 screw + staple constructs. Four patients (3.96%) went on to develop a nonunion of the talonavicular joint, while 10 patients (9.9%) required a removal of hardware procedure following the initial arthrodesis. Of nonunion cases, 3 patients had single screw hardware while 1 had a two-hole plate. Removal of hardware was necessary in 5/69 patients with single screws (7.2%) and 4/27 patients with 2-hole plates (14.8%). Statistical significance could not be concluded when comparing union vs. nonunion patients due to the success of union across hardware groups that resulted in a scarce nonunion patient population (4 patients).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that there are multiple types of hardware appropriate for achieving and maintaining talonavicular fusion. One limitation of this report is that the majority of non-single screw cases utilized a 2-hole plate, with significantly fewer patients utilizing screw + staple and 4-hole plate constructs. Single screw and 2-hole plate hardware techniques achieve excellent rate of union, and physicians can make decisions of which to utilize based on patient factors. Further study is indcated on even larger patient cohorts with increased population of nonunion cases so that significant patient risk factors for nonunion of the joint can be identified.

Training Load, Injury Burden, and Team Success in Professional Rugby Union: Risk Versus Reward.

Individual and team injury burden and performance are 2 key considerations facing practitioners in the daily prescription of an athlete's training load. Whereas a considerable number of researchers have examined univariate relationships between training load and performance, training load and injury, or injury and performance, few investigators have examined all 3 concurrently. To assess the association among training load, injury burden, and performance in professional rugby union. Descriptive epidemiology study. The English Premiership competition. Individual injury and training load data, as well as team performance data, were captured during the 2015-2016 (n = 433 players) and 2016-2017 (n = 569 players) seasons. Data were aggregated into team average scores for each week, including weekly (acute) load, smoothed chronic load, changes in load, injury burden, and weekly performance. Linear mixed modelling techniques were used to assess the association among measures. Injury burden was negatively associated with performance, with a high weekly burden associated with a likely harmful (P = .01) decrease in performance. Training load measures displayed only trivial associations with performance. Only the acute:chronic workload ratio measure was clearly associated with injury burden, with a possibly harmful effect (P = .02). Both squad size and player availability were associated with only trivial changes in performance. Whereas no association between average training load and performance existed, associations between training load and injury burden and between injury burden and performance were clear. Further investigation using more sensitive and individualized measures of load, performance, and injury may elicit a clearer relationship and should be considered for future work.