Unilateral Ones Research Articles

Clinical and laboratory symptoms of changes in the pyelocaliceal system in pyelonephritis in children

It was found that the clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis in children are a reflection of changes in the calyx-pelvis system. Clinical manifestations such as asthenia, dysuric disorders, pain in the abdomen and lower back, with bilateral changes in the calyx-pelvic system, occur 2-4 times more often than with unilateral ones. The degree of impairment of the outflow of urine from the kidneys also clearly affects the frequency of asthenia, abdominal pain, dysuric and dyspeptic disorders. With pyelonephritis, the excretion of ammonia decreases and the release of oxalates, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus increases in proportion to the severity of changes in the pyelocaliceal system.

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING OF UPPER EXTREMITY AMPUTEES

The authors studied Activities of Daily Living (A. D. L.) of 33 upper extremity amputees (25 unilateral, 8 bilateral) by interview in order to know, firstly, the dimension of their disability, secondly, the usefulness of the prosthesis.For each of 126 activities (personal hygiene, eating, dressing, communication, use of tools), the interviewer scored specially designed questionnaire, from which following results were obtained.1. Upper extremity amputees are essentially independent in A.D.L. (97% of test activities). However, “hidden disabilities”, such as slowness of performance (11% of independent activities), change of motion patterns (41%), use of self help devices (3%) and avoidance of performance (1% of necessary activities) were noted.2. Dressing activities, especially knotting, use of cuff buttons, are the most difficult among 5 categories of A. D. L.3. Unilateral amputees use active prosthesis rarely (12% of cases) and their A. D. L. are accomplished by residual function (remaining hand, mouth, foot, etc.). 40% of unilateral amputees use routinely some type of prosthesis.4. Bilateral amputees tend to use exclusively either active prosthesis or their prehensile stumps (Krukenberg stump or cleft partial hand). Bilateral amputees except for one bilateral above-elbow amputee live within sufficient level of independence, but they avoid to perform more activities than unilateral ones.

Les premiers stades de la formation de I’ébauche de nageoire pelvienne de Truite(Salmo farioetSalmo gairdneri): III—Capacités de régulation

ABSTRACTThe first stages of genesis of the pelvic fin aniage in the trout (Salmo fario and Salmo gairdneri). III. Regulation capacitiesIn S. fario and S. gairdneri, microsurgical excisions of parts of pelvic fin-buds showed the important regulation capacities of the fin anlage. At the stages studied, a complete unilateral excision is generally not followed by a regulatory response. On the contrary, a unilateral partial excision performed at the same developmental stages is followed by a regulatory response. Bilateral excisions of the fin-buds, performed at earlier developmental stages than unilateral ones (and at a slightly different level for mesoderm) are followed by regulation.The results are discussed in this article. It appears that the mesoderm is a determining factor in the development of the fin-buds; the epidermis does not appear influential -at least in the first stages of regulation.We noticed a higher percentage of regulation in S. gairdneri than in S. fario’, the results obtained are analysed with regard to histoenzymological data.

Electron-probe check of fe-distribution in sphalerite grains of the Nagybörzsöny hydrothermal ore deposits, Hungary

Micron-scale iron-distribution patterns in sphalerite grains derived from two contrasting mineral assemblages of the Nagyborzsony hydrothermal ore deposits (“high temperature” stockwork and “low temperature” veins), were determined with electron microprobe, pointcounter and continuous chart-recorder measurements along radial profiles. A significant oscillation of iron-content ranging from 8.1 to 18 per cent for stockwork and 4.3 to 15.8 per cent for veins took place during crystal growth. Homogeneous crystal cores are characteristic for vein-filling, while replacement occurring in deeper levels of the stockwork results in mosaic cores. Frequent oscillation of iron content is relevant to top-sections of the ore bodies, copious supply being recorded in recurring shells, whereas scanty, unilateral ones produce crescents arranged in onion-like structure.

Transfer-function synthesis with nonreciprocal constant-resistance two-port networks

The conventional method of transfer-function synthesis, which employs the passive symmetrical lattice network satisfying the constant-resistance driving-point condition, is applied to a nonreciprocal active network. This network has lattice-like properties, including the non-minimum-phase feature, even though it is unbalanced, thereby avoiding the problem of lattice-to-ladder conversion. A greater variety of single-ended constant-resistance sections is made available for synthesis purposes, including a constant-resistance amplifier and nonreciprocal versions of the well known passive (e.g. attenuation equaliser) sections, as well as non-minimum-phase types (such as phase equalisers). Although active and nonreciprocal (i.e. having internal feedback), the sections are shown to be stable under the constant-resistance condition. The synthesis technique may be extended to derived networks, e.g. purely unilateral ones.

Visual acuity as a reinforcement in learning to control pupil size

Cervical sympathectomy was performed unilaterally on twenty-three cats and bilaterally on five cats. In one experiment we measured the size of the normal pupil which is known to dilate consensually after unilateral sympathectomy. The change in size of the normal pupils of eight cats housed together in a large, well-lighted room was compared with that of seven cats housed separately in dimly lighted cages. One week postoperatively the return to normal size from postoperative dilation was further advanced in the free-ranging animals than in the caged ones. In another experiment, where the interest was in the changes in size of the sympathectomized pupil, five cats with bilateral cervical sympathectomy had more nearly recovered normal pupil size 2 weeks after surgery than had fifteen cats with unilateral sympathectomy, although the treatment of the two groups was identical in other respects. We interpret the differences between the groups in both experiments as being results of learning in the autonomic nervous system, the reinforcement being the improvement in visual acuity resulting from random fluctuations in the size of the pupil. In the first experiment these fluctuations were produced more frequently in the free-ranging animals than in the caged ones. In the second experiment increased visual acuity was more reinforcing for the animals with bilateral sympathectomy than for the unilateral ones, for the former could not rely upon almost normal vision in an unoperated eye.