Unigraphics NX Research Articles

Measurement of the root surface area in rat molars through three-dimensional modeling

ObjectivesRats are used as animal models for basic and applied research related to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The magnitude of mechanical force in OTM rat models mainly depends on the supporting capability of the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is highly associated with the root surface area (RSA). But the size of rat RSA remains unknown, which is the reason why there are still debates on the magnitude of mechanical force in OTM rat models. This study aimed to explore a method for measuring the RSA in rat molars. DesignThe maxillary and mandibular samples of rats were scanned by Micro-CT to generate three-dimensional (3D) images, followed by 3D reconstruction of every molar through Mimics Medical 21.0. Geomagic Wrap 2021 and Unigraphics NX 12.0 were utilized to smooth teeth surface and mark the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Finally, the RSA in rat molars was measured. ResultsThe results showed that for the six-, eight-, or ten-week-old rats, the average RSA of maxillary first, second, and third molars was 25.90 ± 2.29 mm2, 15.92 ± 2.14 mm2, and 10.34 ± 1.94 mm2. The RSA of mandibular first, second, and third molars was 27.03 ± 2.63 mm2, 17.16 ± 1.61 mm2, and 11.39 ± 2.13 mm2. ConclusionsThrough 3D modelling, we provided data of rat RSA, and observed the trend of increasing RSA mean values with age. These data are pivotal for determining the magnitude of mechanical force required to move rat molars, especially when conducting research related to OTM using rat models.

Precise prediction of size of a foldable capsular vitreous body via computerized three-dimensional ocular reconstruction in severe retinal detachment

BackgroundThis study aimed to precisely predict the size and silicone oil injection of a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) via computerized three-dimensional (3D) ocular reconstruction in the treatment of severe retinal detachment in China.MethodsThe 3D software Unigraphics NX was applied to determine the volume of the inner cavity with 16–30 mm axial length, assigning the anterior and posterior chambers, the FCVB sizes, and the silicone oil injection volume, and modeling the data between the axial length and the FCVB size. In clinical practice, IOL Master was applied to accurately measure the axial length of the contralateral healthy eye to anchor the anterior-posterior and horizontal diameters of the operated eye in horizontal position CT, and compared with the model to recommend the FCVB size and silicone oil amount, and the clinical effect was validated in cases across five hospitals in China.ResultsFor the axial length of 16–30 mm, the volume of the inner cavity is 1.2 ml-8.4 ml. FCVB size and silicone oil volume were recommended based on this volume of the inner cavity. Of 253 cases, we noted 11 cases implanted with AV-10P and 1.05 ± 0.21 ml of silicone oil, 41 with AV-12P and 1.58 ± 0.18 ml of silicone oil, 163 with AV-13.5P and 2.48 ± 0.29 ml of silicone oil, 31 with AV-15P and 3.57 ± 0.39 ml of silicone oil, and 7 with AV-17P and 5.71 ± 0.81 ml of silicone oil. There was no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity scores compared with preoperative (P = 0.097), postoperative IOP(10.29 ± 0.57mmHg)was slightly higher than preoperative IOP (9.76 ± 0.48 mmHg), but there was still no statistically significant difference between the two comparisons (P = 0.405).ConclusionThree-dimensional reconstruction prediction is a good solution for eyeballs with obvious individualized changes in severe retinal detachment, and this method helps doctors standardize FCVB size selection and the silicone oil amount for patients.

Numerical simulation of fish damage in a bulb tubular turbine with different guide vane openings

Abstract Tubular turbines have advantages in developing low-head hydropower, however, the development of hydropower shouldn’t forget to maintain a balance with ecology. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of the flow channel of a low-head power plant bulb tubular turbine unit is established using Unigraphics NX, and the hydraulic characteristics and fish damage mechanisms of the turbine under different guide vane openings of 45∼85 mm in rated operating conditions are simulated and analyzed using STAR-CCM+, and it is found that the fish mainly suffers from impact damage and pressure damage in the downstream process with the highest probabilities of 15.73% and 15.72%, respectively. Furthermore, with the increase of the opening of the guide vane, the probability of shear damage to the fish first decreases and then increases, while the probability of pressure, pressure gradient, and impact damage all gradually increase, and the probability of all four types of damage reaches the highest when the opening of the guide vane is 85 mm. Although the unit will have a large output at large opening operating conditions, from the point of view of fish protection, it is better for such turbines not to be operated with large opening of the guide vane for a long time.

Визначення власних частот та форм коливань лопатки турбіни, виготовленої зі сплаву на основі алюмініду титану

This paper investigates the possibility of manufacturing the working blade of the 2nd stage of the free turbine from an experimental alloy based on titanium aluminide of the Ti-28Al-7Nb-2Mo-0.3 (Y, Re, B) system. Alloys of this class are important structural materials with a unique set of physical and mechanical characteristics. Alloys based on aluminide are characterized by low density, high heat strength, and heat resistance and have a high potential to replace nickel-based alloys designed for operation at temperatures no higher than 850°C. However, the use of a new alloy for the manufacture of a turbine blade involves calculations of the strength and oscillations of the blades. The purpose of the calculations is to determine the possibility of using an aluminide-based alloy of the Ti-28Al-7Nb-2Mo-0.3 (Y, Re, B) system instead of the VZHL12E-VI alloy for the selected working blade. The research was carried out by performing a modal analysis, determining the stress-deformed state, and checking the strength and mass characteristics. The physical properties of the materials were used as the initial data for the calculation. The geometry and temperature distribution of the blade and its fixing remained constant for the two options. A three-dimensional model of the experimental vane was built using the Unigraphics NX system, and a finite element model was developed using the Ansys software complex. It was established that when an experimental alloy is used, the mass of one blade is reduced by almost 40%. Using the finite element method, the natural frequencies and forms of blade oscillations were calculated, and Campbell’s diagrams were constructed for the original and experimental blades for the nominal operation of the engine. When using an experimental alloy, the frequencies of the blades’ natural oscillations are further from the resonant frequency. The distribution of equivalent stresses was determined, and it was shown that the maximum stresses act in the root section of the blade feather. When using the experimental alloy based on titanium aluminide, the equivalent stresses are reduced by 35% compared with the initial values. It is shown that the safety margin of the proposed material is not less than that of the VZHL12E-VI alloy.

Optimised design of downhole turbodrills with bending-torsional tilting blade

Deep dry hot rock mining drilling operations confronts several challenges including the high-temperature conditions in the downhole environment, the unreliable performance of surface drives, and the difficult drillability of geothermal reservoir rocks. As a result, the use of downhole motors in drilling operations becomes an imperative selection. The all-metal turbodrill presently stands as the sole downhole motor capable of effectively drilling in deep wells with temperatures exceeding 180°. Although it can withstand high temperature, the output torque is small. In this study, we focus on the optimised design of the turbodrill blades with the objective of enhancing the output torque, addressing the prevailing issue of limited output torque. First, the structural parameters and parametric design are determined based on turbine blade design theory. Utilizing the quintic polynomial method, a two-dimensional blade profile is generated. Subsequently, an output torque model applicable to unsteady flow conditions is derived using the moment of momentum theorem in its integral form; Utilizing the designed blade profile, the Unigraphics NX (UG) software is used to illustrate the combination of spatial twisting, bending and tilting of the blade for the combination of the modelling method, and a three-dimensional bending-torsional tilting blade was achieved. Subsequently, numerical analysis, employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation software, was conducted to examine the impact of intricate spatial modelling on the blade's flow field parameters. The optimal parameters for blade spatial modelling were ascertained to be a twist lofting radius of 63 mm, a bending angle of 30°, and an inclination angle of 3°. The blade in the hydraulic efficiency is reduced by only 2.7% of the case, the output torque increased by 18.87%, improving the performance of the turbodrill, so that the turbodrill in the geothermal development drilling has a good application prospect.

Design and Implementation of a Three-Dimensional CAD Graphics Support Platform for Pumps Based on Open CASCADE

In the pump industry, designers commonly utilize mainstream three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) software (Unigraphics NX 12.0 and SolidWorks 2023). However, these CAD packages are generic and not optimized for the specific requirements of the pump industry. This leads to a lack of flexibility and increased complexity in their usage, as well as higher computational demands, resulting in elevated learning and operational costs. Additionally, there are concerns about potential information leaks and software restrictions. In this paper, we studied the organization architecture of commercial three-dimensional CAD software, and compared and analyzed the geometric kernels and rendering engines of mainstream three-dimensional software. Using the Open CASCADE geometric kernel and OpenSceneGraph rendering engine, together with the Visual Studio 2021 development environment and Qt interface library, we developed an autonomous copyright three-dimensional CAD graphics support platform for pumps. Based on the three-dimensional platform, we tested the commonly used graphics elements and basic algorithms required for pump modeling, and successfully designed and modeled the impeller and volute casing of a centrifugal pump. Through computational simulations and experimental verifications, we demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the pump model designed on this platform meets the design requirements, indicating that this platform has practical pump design and modeling capabilities. Compared to commercial three-dimensional CAD software, this platform exhibits superior flexibility and interactivity in three-dimensional modeling that is specifically tailored for pump products. Consequently, it fully satisfies the needs for three-dimensional parameterized modeling and visualization of pumps.

Structural Optimization of Long and Flexible Composite Cover with Topography Method and Examination of Frequency Values

In this study, the finite element model of the long, thin, and flexible carbon fiber reinforced composite cover design prepared using the Unigraphics NX program CAD module was analyzed in ANSYS program. Topography optimization was performed by transferring the analysis results to the GENESIS program. The cover rib created after optimization was combined with the initial design, and necessary corrections were made in the design based on the topography guide. The rib design, created by conventional methods, weigh the same as the optimum design, is combined with of the initial design. Modal analysis of initial, conventional rib and optimum rib design was performed in ANSYS environment. When the findings were evaluated it was observed that the composite cover, which was remodeled after topography optimization, increased by 33.3% compared to the initial design, while its natural frequency (mode 2) increased approximately 1.6 times. In addition, the lowest moment of inertia value has been obtained in the cover design with optimum design geometry. Then, the conventional design, which has the same mass as the new design, was compared and it was revealed by the data that the new design was more resistant. According to the results obtained, the most suitable rib geometry to be preferred for this and similar types of long and flexible structures to have a more resistant structure has been determined.

Experimental Study on Optical Imaging of Convex Mode-2 Internal Solitary Waves in Calm Water

The optical imaging mechanism of convex mode-2 Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) in calm water without wind is investigated based on experimental and simulation calculations. By constructing an optical imaging system in the laboratory, the optical images of ISWs, the matching in-situ data, and the free surface displacement caused by ISWs are acquired simultaneously. The experimental outcomes show that the convex mode-2 ISWs exhibit bright-dark stripes in the optical image and produce a depressed free surface displacement on the water surface. The physical model of free surface displacement is constructed in Unigraphics NX (UG) and imported into Light Tools (LT) for ray tracing. The consistency between simulation calculations and experimental results shows that the free surface displacement generated by the mode-2 ISWs will change the reflection of light, leading to bright-dark stripes in the optical image. A series of experiments were designed to explore the influence of amplitude on the optical imaging of mode-2 ISWs when the thickness of the intermediate layer is different or the same. The results show that the amplitude of the wave will affect the imaging effect of ISWs in optical image, and the large amplitude will make the stripes clearer in the image.

Modal Research of a Certain Type of Gas Turbine Rotor

At present, one of the bottlenecks that currently restrict the reliability and lifetime of the whole machine is the rotor-bearing system of gas turbines. This paper firstly introduces the background of gas turbines and the current research situation, and then carries out 3D modelling using UG (Unigraphics NX) software according to the available 2D drawings of the original rotor and relevant parameters. In view of the complex structure of the original rotor and the technical problems in the actual installation process, the original bearing-rotor system was modified and modelled in 3D as well, followed by modal analysis and Campbell diagrams based on Ansys Workbench software. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the theoretical results to verify the feasibility of the scheme and to provide theoretical support for the subsequent 1:1 gas turbine rotor-bearing performance test-bed for the comprehensive performance experimental study of the research and development of gas turbine bearings.

Вирощування авіаційної деталі «Завихрувач» з жароміцного сплаву Inconel 718 за технологією селективного лазерного спікання

In order to solve the problems of improving the reliability and efficiency of aircraft engines, the paper considers as an alternative to traditional methods of obtaining aviation parts using additive production. According to the three-dimensional digital model (CAD/CAM/CAE-systems), additive technologies allow creating complex structures with high mechanical and operational characteristics. They must be complied with the standard ASTM F2792.1549323-1. The process of additive production is characterized by a sequence of operations: construction of a digital 3D–model → the choice of additive technology and its implementation → obtaining the finished part. In the work it is proposed to consider the possibility of growing the aircraft part «Swirler» from heat-resistant nickel alloy Inconel 718 by selective laser sintering technology in a 3D–printer type EOS M400 under the conditions of JSC «Motor Sich». Spherical nickel-based powders from Sino-Euro Materials Technologies of Xi'an Co., Ltd. were used as starting powder materials. (Sino Euro, China) and LPW Technology, Ltd (LPW, UK). The dependence of the mechanical and heat-resistant properties of the Inconel 718 alloy on the direction of growth of the part (in particular, the horizontal direction XY and the vertical direction Z) was established experimentally. Metallographic studies of Inconel 718 alloy samples before and after the heat treatment process were performed. With the help of Unigraphics NX 7.5, the modeling of an aircraft part was performed, which begins with the construction of a sketch, design of a digital 3D–model of the part and its editing. It is shown that the cultivation of the aviation part «Swirler» by the technology of selective laser sintering is characterized by: a smaller number of technological operations for the manufacture of «complex» in the geometric configuration of the part; reducing up to 6 times the lack of finished parts; reduction of material costs for equipment and additional machining; reduction to 12–17 % of the weight of the part in comparison with its metal analogue obtained by machining. Keywords: additive technologies, selective laser sintering, Inconel 718, 3D–model, aviation part.

Analysis of Flow Channel Structure Parameter and Optimization Study on Tooth Spacing of Drip Irrigation Tape

The flow channel structure is the main factor affecting the hydraulic performance, anti-clogging and energy dissipation performance of drip irrigation tape. Proper exploring of the performance-related but hard-to-measure structure parameters in the flow channel emitter of drip irrigation tape is imperative. However, the traditional studying methods may lead to large systematic errors and human errors, resulting in inaccurate estimations of the parameters and an unreasonable design. This paper aims to find an effective way to optimize the most significant channel structural parameter through studying 18 kinds of drip irrigation belts commonly used in the agricultural irrigation field. Unigraphics NX and Spaceclaim were applied to measure the eight main structure parameters of the selected drip irrigation tapes. The one critical parameter that affects the emitter hydraulic performance—tooth spacing—was found by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Therefore, we designed three plans where the tooth spacing decreased by 0.1, 0.2, and 0.29 mm to 1.36, 1.26, and 1.17 mm, respectively, and, finally, formed two types of flow channels. Flow channel 1 with a tooth base is represented by Plan 1 and Plan 2, and flow channel 2 without a tooth base is represented by Plan 3. Then, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow characteristics of the emitters in the three plans. The results demonstrate that flow channel 2 without a tooth base, represented by Plan 3, has a greater kinetic energy and hydraulic performance than flow channel 1. Compared with the control group, the changes in Plan 3 were the most obvious, with the changes in the flow index, flow coefficient, and average flow rate by −14.50%, −5.08%, and 12.50%, respectively. The flow indexes in the three plans are all less than 0.5, while the smallest of Plan 3 is 0.395. Therefore, the hydraulic performance of flow channel 2 represented by Plan 3 is better. The narrowing of the tooth spacing makes the space for vortexing between the serrated teeth smaller. The flow velocity in Plan 3 is generally increased by 3 m/s from 2.3 to 4.1 m/s, becoming more uniform. Due to a high velocity of the water flow and less vortexing, the deposition of suspended solids in the flow channel is avoided to a certain extent, and for the flow channel in Plan 3, the improvement in the hydraulic performance is greater than the reduction in the energy dissipation performance. The ratio of the decrease in the flow index to the increase in the average outflow of the emitter in Plan 3 is 1.16:1. In conclusion, the overall performance of Plan 3 is optimal for all schemes. Flow channel 2 can improve the hydraulic performance and reduce the production costs. Therefore, this study could provide a theoretical induction for inner drip irrigation tape application and production.

Determination and Investigation of Natural Frequency Values of A Composite Cover With Rib Design Added

In this study, a long, thin and flexible carbon fiber reinforced composite cover was designed using the CAD module of Unigraphics NX program. Analysis results for different modes were obtained by applying modal analysis to this design with finite element method in ANSYS environment. The modal analysis process is explained in detail, and basic methods and mathematical equations are mentioned. Analysis results were examined in detail, and bending and torsion conditions were evaluated. Based on the analysis results, in order to improve the stiffness of the composite cover, a rib design was made and added to the initial design. A modal analysis process was carried out for ribbed cover design. As a result of the modal analysis, natural frequency values in different mode parameters were obtained and evaluated. With the addition of ribs to the initial valve design, an improvement of %35.52, % 38.79,% 58.07,% 129.11,% 100.35 and % 106.65 was observed in mode 1, mode 2, mode 3, mode 4, mode 5 and mode 6 values, respectively.

Study of injection molding process simulation and mold design of automotive back door panel

Numerical simulation of the injection molding process of the outer panel of the automotive plastic rear door and mold design is presented here. Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA) is employed to design the original automotive steel structure, and the modal and thermodynamic properties of the plastic back door outer panel are changed by changing the different injection materials of the back door outer panel. In order to efficiently design the panels, finite element analysis is used to verify whether the designed parts meet the mechanical properties requirements such as light weight, low fuel consumption, short production cycle, strong modeling design, high corrosion resistance and good recovery, the above main parameters have been evaluated, and the above main parameters are carried out evaluate. To simulate the injection molding process, computer aided engineering (CAE) software such as ANSYS and HyperWorks are used to analyze the back door of the selected material. After the numerical analysis, suitable material is selected, so that the modal and thermodynamic properties of the product could be satisfied as well as improved. Unigraphics NX (UG) is employed to design the convex and concave mold for the injection molding of the automobile’s plastic back door panel. Combined with the characteristics of the parts and the design requirements of the injection mold, the multi-scheme design of the pouring and cooling system is carried out. By comparing the effects of different gating and cooling systems on injection molding, the best gating and cooling system is selected. The artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to optimize the process parameters of the injection molding process, and the best combination of the injection molding process parameters of the outer panel of the rear door of the automobile is obtained.

Evaluation of Ankle Fractures in 228 Patients From a Single Center Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Mapping.

Purpose: The ankle joint has a complex anatomy structure with many causative factors and various injury mechanisms, and the clinical presentation of ankle fractures is diverse. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of ankle fractures by applicating three-dimensional fracture line mapping technique. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 228 patients with ankle fractures. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by CT images and the fracture reconstruction model was superimposed onto a standard model of the tibiofibula for fracture line drawing. Then the fracture lines were converted into a three-dimensional coordinate point data set. And the fracture line maps as well as the fracture line heat maps were generated in 3-Matic software and Unigraphics NX software, respectively. Results: The dense area of the fibular fracture lines was located above the tibiofibular joint ligament and wrapped obliquely around the distal fibula from the anterior edge of the fibular neck. The fibular fracture line could be divided into three categories according to the degree of denseness. The dense area of the tibial fracture line is located within the anterior tibial fornix, the anterolateral corner, and the fibular notch. The tibial fracture lines can be classified into four categories according to the density of the fracture lines. The combined medial malleolus + posterior malleolar fracture line situation was found to be not encompassed by the existing AO and Lauge-Hansen (LH) classification systems according to this classification. Conclusion: The 3D fracture line mapping technique can better reflect the distribution of ankle fracture lines and could help to establish a new ankle fracture typing system in the future.

Laboratory Study of the Impact of the Surface Solitary Waves Created by the Internal Solitary Waves on Optical Imaging

AbstractThe effects of Surface Solitary Waves (SSWs), which are created by Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs), on optical imaging were investigated in this paper. We explored the connection between SSWs and optical images using simulations and experiments with calm water surface conditions. An experimental platform was built in a controlled laboratory environment where optical images and in‐situ wave data could be gathered simultaneously. SSWs created by different ISWs were successfully observed. The optical images revealed inverse bright and dark patterns for different ISW types (depression or elevation type). Based on theories and experimental results, simulation models of the ISWs and SSWs were built in Unigraphics NX. Using the illumination simulation function of Light Tools, the reason underlying the reversed patterns was explained by the irradiance distribution. Both the experiment and simulation indicated that the SSWs created by the ISWs affected the characteristics of optical images. To further explore how SSWs affect imaging, 16 experiments were designed to investigate the effects of ISW type, amplitude, and water density ratio. It is found that the relationship among the SSW amplitude, ISW amplitude, and density ratio was consistent with earlier studies. The relationships between imaging characteristics (grayscale differences and pattern widths) and the two types of SSWs were consistent.

Multi‐core accelerated simulation of x‐ray projection based on Unigraphics NX model

AbstractIn computed tomography, the simulation of x‐ray projection is very important for developing and evaluating image reconstruction methods. Currently, the computer aided design models have been used for projection simulation. Compared with the stereolithographic model, the Unigraphics NX (UG) model can describe complex objects with multiple materials. However, calculating the intersection of a ray with a UG model can only be performed by an internal function, which greatly decreases the efficiency of the projection simulation. Therefore, we propose a fast method for projection simulation based on multi‐core. In this method, we use the internal function to calculate the intersection points and the corresponding face normal vectors for a ray. By computing the dot product between the direction vector of the ray and the face normal vectors, we can determine the entry and exit point pairs, and further obtain the simulation projection. On this basis, the projection simulation tasks are evenly decomposed to multiple processes. Then, we invoke these processes by multi‐thread in a main process, and realize parallel implementation of the projection simulation. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method, and we can obtain nearly linear speedup of the multi‐core acceleration.

Numerical Simulation and Research of the Axial Flow Fish-friendly Turbine in Plateau Area

Based on the design methods of fish friendly hydraulic turbines at home and abroad and traditional hydraulic turbines, this paper designs an axial flow fish friendly hydraulic turbine in plateau area by using Unigraphics NX. The steady-state simulation of the turbine is carried out by fluent, and the energy characteristics of the three blade runner are analyzed. Through the transient computation, the pressure fluctuation characteristics in the leafless area of the turbine with guide vane opening of 18.2° and 14.2° are studied, and the fish passing characteristics are analyzed. Compared with the evaluation criteria of fish friendly water turbine, the variation rate of pressure obtained is less than 550.3kpa/s, which meets the design criteria of fish friendly water turbine and basically meets the demand of fish passing down the dam.

Finite Element Analysis of Shock Absorption of Porous Soles Established by Grasshopper and UG Secondary Development

On the basis of computer aided modeling technology, this paper proposes a porous structure modeling method based on Grasshopper visual programming language and Unigraphics NX (UG) secondary development platform. The finite element model of the foot was established, and then models of shoe soles with four basic porous structures of cross, diamond, star, and x were established. Each structure was set with a cylindrical radius of 1, 2, and 3 mm, and a total of 12 porous structure sole models were established. The shock absorption effect of the sole on the foot was evaluated by the deformation of the sole, the peak plantar pressure, and the peak stress of metatarsal bones. It is found that the maximum value of the sole deformation of the diamond porous sole is 4.725 mm, the peak plantar pressure is 105.1 Pa, and the first and second metatarsal peak pressures are 2.230 MPa and 3.407 MPa, which have the best shock absorption effect. It shows that the porous structure plays an important role in the cushioning of the sole. The biomechanical effects of porous soles on feet are studied by computer-aided technology and finite element analysis. This study provides a new research method for the cushioning design of shoe soles and has important reference value for the design of footwear.

Static structural Analysis on Femur Bone Using Different Plate Material

Femur bone is the longest and strongest bone in the human body which is also known as thigh bone. The femur is responsible to bear the largest percentage of body weight during normal weight its length is 25% of the person’s total height. In this, a normal femur bone is reconstructed from DICOM files from CT scan using software 3D slicer and Blender. Meshing and Analysis are carried out in Ansys Workbench environment. Based on the weak zone areas that are obtained after a sudden a load is applied are taken as our zone of interest. Considering the zone of interest prosthetic plates and screws are modelled using Unigraphics NX 11.0 version and are assembled in the assembly module of the same software. In this, we constrain the bottom end of the femur bone

A FEA on Assembled fractured human femur bone with and without HA coated prosthetic plate material

Femur, also called thighbone or hind leg in human body supports the maximum weight of the body under loading conditions. In this present work, the fractured femur bone is reconstructed using DICOM files obtained from Computed Tomography scan images using software’s 3D slicer and blender. In accordance with the crack, prosthetic plate was modelled in Unigraphics NX 11.0 version. The plate is then assembled with the fractured femur bone using Assembly module of the Unigraphics NX 11.0 version. Then Static structure Finite element Analysis was performed on the Assembly for different prosthetic plate materials like SS316L, Alumina, Nylon, Titanium, PMMA and PEEK with and without Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the prosthetic plate. It was proved in this work that best results are obtained with HA coated prosthetic plate material that means the bone healing will be much faster when prosthetic plated are coated with Hydroxyapetite