Uniform Trajectory Research Articles

Uniform attractors for the Bingham model

In this paper, on the base of the theory of attractors for non-invariant trajectory spaces, the limiting behavior of solutions to a periodic in spatial variables problem for the Bingham model is investigated. For the considered problem, necessary exponential estimates are established, the trajectory space is determined, and the existence of a minimal uniform trajectory and uniform global attractors is proved.

Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases.

In the current study, we utilized molecular modeling and simulation approaches to define putative potential molecular targets for Burdock Inulin, including inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β. Molecular docking results revealed potential interactions and good binding affinity for these targets; however, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS were identified as the best targets for Inulin. Molecular simulation-based stability assessment demonstrated that inulin could primarily target iNOS and may also supplementarily target COX-2 and IL-1β during DSS-induced colitis to reduce the role of these inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, residual flexibility, hydrogen bonding, and structural packing were reported with uniform trajectories, showing no significant perturbation throughout the simulation. The protein motions within the simulation trajectories were clustered using principal component analysis (PCA). The IL-1β-Inulin complex, approximately 70% of the total motion was attributed to the first three eigenvectors, while the remaining motion was contributed by the remaining eigenvectors. In contrast, for the COX2-Inulin complex, 75% of the total motion was attributed to the eigenvectors. Furthermore, in the iNOS-Inulin complex, the first three eigenvectors contributed to 60% of the total motion. Furthermore, the iNOS-Inulin complex contributed 60% to the total motion through the first three eigenvectors. To explore thermodynamically favorable changes upon mutation, motion mode analysis was carried out. The Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results demonstrated that the IL-1β-Inulin achieved a single conformation with the lowest energy, while COX2-Inulin and iNOS-Inulin exhibited two lowest-energy conformations each. IL-1β-Inulin and COX2-Inulin displayed total binding free energies of - 27.76kcal/mol and - 37.78kcal/mol, respectively, while iNOS-Inulin demonstrated the best binding free energy results at - 45.89kcal/mol. This indicates a stronger pharmacological potential of iNOS than the other two complexes. Thus, further experiments are needed to use inulin to target iNOS and reduce DSS-induced colitis and other autoimmune diseases.

Narratives of Children’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea

Do leave-taking fathers who 'undo' gender in their division of domestic labour and responsibilities also ‘undo’ gender in relation to their children’s gender socialization? This exploratory qualitative study seeks to understand how leave-taking fathers in South Korea (N = 17) experience and envision their children’s gender socialization by identifying three types of fathers. For ‘committed’ fathers, leave-taking is an extension of their genuine convictions and best efforts to raise children based on feminist ideals, but contradictory messages from non-parental influences such as preschools pose challenges. ‘Conflicted’ fathers undergo significant changes in their views about men and women’s roles through leave uptake but confess to still holding rigid views about children’s gender socialization. ‘Receptive’ fathers demonstrate more open and moderately flexible attitudes to children’s gender roles than the ‘conflicted’ fathers, although not as consciously, proactively, or consistently as the ‘committed’ fathers. The findings indicate that fathers’ uptake of leave leads to diverging, rather than uniform trajectories in fathers’ development of attitudes and behaviours toward children’s socialization. The findings point to the need to consider inconsistencies operating at multiple levels of the ‘gender trap,’ including between fathers’ attitudes toward adult and children’s gender roles, fathers’ behaviours and attitudes, and parental and non-parental influences.

Local and Contextual: John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women

The reception of John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women (1869) has changed considerably during the last half century. In the increasingly positive reading and re‐reading of the book, one criticism persists unchallenged: Mill's argument was universalistic. Not only did his analysis posit a uniform trajectory of both the subjection and the liberation of women, critics argue; also, they add, Mill failed to acknowledge the interrelation of identity and society by adhering to an abstract view of persons. This interpretation does not do justice to Subjection's text and context: Mill's legal prescriptions were not merely a symptom of a liberal theory of progress. He thought the unobstructed participation in the public life of the community the only way out of the vicious circle of habituation and oppression for women. This paper argues that his conclusion was grounded on ethological analyses of English national character, legal history, social institutions, and practices.

A novel devaney chaotic map with uniform trajectory for color image encryption

The design of chaotic image encryption algorithms has become a hotspot. This paper first proposes a novel Devaney chaotic map with uniform trajectories to overcome the problems of weak chaotic behaviors and uneven trajectory distribution of the existing chaotic systems. We prove that our chaotic map possesses the three principal features of the Devaney definition and preserves uniform trajectory distribution through symbolic dynamics and the probability theory. In addition, simulation experiments show that our chaotic map has the advantages of fast efficiency and high security. Then, we design a color image encryption algorithm, which uses our Devaney chaotic map to generate digital chaotic pseudo-random sequences, and improves the confusion and diffusion structure of existing image encryption algorithms from the perspectives of pixels and planes. Although our algorithm does not use the hash value of plain images, it achieves excellent diffusion and confusion ability. Therefore, it avoids the failure of decryption caused by the tampering of hash value in the transmission process. Experimental results show that our image encryption algorithm can well resist probabilistic attacks and differential attacks.

Multi-lane multi-platoon control with collision avoidance

Cooperative control for multiple vehicles has evolved as a promising technology to improve traffic safety and efficiency. However, due to the complexity and variability in traffic, especially multiple lanes’ varied conditions and functions, nearby vehicles and obstructions always present in a manner that is unpredictable. Therefore, this paper handles the issue of controlling Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) convoy in heterogeneous multi-lane scenarios in the presence of stochastic, dynamic surrounding vehicles and unknown obstacles. A novel approach based on Laplacian feedback control is proposed to address these issues, which aims to avoid collisions, to produce steady, smooth, and uniform trajectories and to reconfigure arbitrary shapes to respond to complex traffic conditions. The presented method is a coupling in terms of distributed graph theory and artificial potential field, in which lane-keeping, collision avoidance, and following behaviors are integrated into the proposed motion planning model. In addition, a MPC-based vehicle dynamics controller is introduced to accomplish trajectory tracking robustly. Simulation experiment indicates that the proposed method enables the convoy to successfully avoid all collisions within 30s and to follow stably.

Divergent Cortical Tau Positron Emission Tomography Patterns Among Patients With Preclinical Alzheimer Disease

Characterization of early tau deposition in individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) is critical for prevention trials that aim to select individuals at risk for AD and halt the progression of disease. To evaluate the prevalence of cortical tau positron emission tomography (PET) heterogeneity in a large cohort of clinically unimpaired older adults with elevated β-amyloid (A+). This cross-sectional study examined prerandomized tau PET, amyloid PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging, demographic, and cognitive data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic AD (A4) Study from April 2014 to December 2017. Follow-up analyses used observational tau PET data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS), and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (together hereinafter referred to as Wisconsin) to evaluate consistency. Participants were clinically unimpaired at the study visit closest to the tau PET scan and had available amyloid and tau PET data (A4 Study, n = 447; ADNI, n = 433; HABS, n = 190; and Wisconsin, n = 328). No participants who met eligibility criteria were excluded. Data were analyzed from May 11, 2021, to January 25, 2022. Individuals with preclinical AD with heterogeneous cortical tau PET patterns (A+T cortical+) were identified by examining asymmetrical cortical tau signal and disproportionate cortical tau signal relative to medial temporal lobe (MTL) tau. Voxelwise tau patterns, amyloid, neurodegeneration, cognition, and demographic characteristics were examined. The 447 A4 participants (A+ group, 392; and normal β-amyloid group, 55), with a mean (SD) age of 71.8 (4.8) years, included 239 women (54%). A total of 36 individuals in the A+ group (9% of the A+ group) exhibited heterogeneous cortical tau patterns and were further categorized into 3 subtypes: asymmetrical left, precuneus dominant, and asymmetrical right. A total of 116 individuals in the A+ group (30% of the A+ group) showed elevated MTL tau (A+T MTL+). Individuals in the A+T cortical+ group were younger than those in the A+T MTL+ group (t61.867 = -2.597; P = .03). Across the A+T cortical+ and A+T MTL+ groups, increased regional tau was associated with reduced hippocampal volume and MTL thickness but not with cortical thickness. Memory scores were comparable between the A+T cortical+ and A+T MTL+ groups, whereas executive functioning scores were lower for the A+T cortical+ group than for the A+T MTL+ group. The prevalence of the A+T cortical+ group and tau patterns within the A+T cortical+ group were consistent in ADNI, HABS, and Wisconsin. This study suggests that early tau deposition may follow multiple trajectories during preclinical AD and may involve several cortical regions. Staging procedures, especially those based on neuropathology, that assume a uniform trajectory across individuals are insufficient for disease monitoring with tau imaging.

Dynamic prostate cancer transcriptome analysis delineates the trajectory to disease progression

Comprehensive genomic studies have delineated key driver mutations linked to disease progression for most cancers. However, corresponding transcriptional changes remain largely elusive because of the bias associated with cross-study analysis. Here, we overcome these hurdles and generate a comprehensive prostate cancer transcriptome atlas that describes the roadmap to tumor progression in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Most cancers follow a uniform trajectory characterized by upregulation of polycomb-repressive-complex-2, G2-M checkpoints, and M2 macrophage polarization. Using patient-derived xenograft models, we functionally validate our observations and add single-cell resolution. Thereby, we show that tumor progression occurs through transcriptional adaption rather than a selection of pre-existing cancer cell clusters. Moreover, we determine at the single-cell level how inhibition of EZH2 - the top upregulated gene along the trajectory – reverts tumor progression and macrophage polarization. Finally, a user-friendly web-resource is provided enabling the investigation of dynamic transcriptional perturbations linked to disease progression.

Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals a highly coordinated transcriptional program in mouse germ cells during primordial follicle formation.

The assembly of primordial follicles in mammals represents one of the most critical processes in ovarian biology. It directly affects the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Premature depletion of primordial follicles contributes to the ovarian pathology primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). To delineate the developmental trajectory and regulatory mechanisms of oocytes during the process, we performed RNA‐seq on single germ cells from newborn (P0.5) ovaries. Three cell clusters were classified which corresponded to three cell states (germ cell cyst, cyst breakdown, and follicle) in the newborn ovary. By Monocle analysis, a uniform trajectory of oocyte development was built with a series of genes showed dynamic changes along the pseudo‐timeline. Gene Ontology term enrichment revealed a significant decrease in meiosis‐related genes and a dramatic increase in oocyte‐specific genes which marked the transition from a germ cell to a functional oocyte. We then established a network of regulons by using single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm and identified possible candidate transcription factors that may maintain transcription programs during follicle formation. Following functional studies further revealed the differential regulation of the identified regulon Id2 and its family member Id1, on the establishment of primordial follicle pool by using siRNA knockdown and genetic modified mouse models. In summary, our study systematically reconstructed molecular cascades in oocytes and identified a series of genes and molecular pathways in follicle formation and development.

Proton beam emittance growth in multipicosecond laser-solid interactions

High intensity laser-solid interactions can accelerate high energy, low emittance proton beams via the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Such beams are useful for a number of applications, including time-resolved proton radiography for basic plasma and high energy density physics studies. In experiments using the OMEGA EP laser system, we perform the first measurements of TNSA proton beams generated by up to 100 ps, kilojoule-class laser pulses with relativistic intensities. By systematically varying the laser pulse duration, we measure degradation of the accelerated proton beam quality as the pulse length increases. Two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and simple scaling arguments suggest that ion motion during the rise time of the longer pulses leads to extended preformed plasma expansion from the rear target surface and strong filamentary field structures which can deflect ions away from uniform trajectories and therefore lead to large emittance growth.

College-Going Trajectories Across Early Adulthood: An Inquiry Using Sequence Analysis

ABSTRACTThough the diversification of pathways through higher education is widely recognized, little is known about longer-term patterns of undergraduate participation and attainment. I used sequence analysis to examine college-going across early and middle adulthood in nationally-representative data. Clustering of sequence data revealed four latent groups of college-goers: marginal students, rapid completers, lifelong students, and delayed completers. Rapid completers cleaved closest to “normal” college attendance, though even among this group non-standard practices were evident. I also examined how employment, marital, and parental transitions vary among these clusters. Rapid completers were most distinctive, and had the most uniform employment and family trajectories. Other clusters had trajectories that were less uniform and involved earlier transitions than rapid completers, but were more uniform and had later transitions than those who never attended college. Findings support the contention that non-standard pathways through higher education are a mechanism for the reproduction of inequality among college-goers.

Neolithisation in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains: lithic technologies and ecological adaptation

Abstract

Attractors for Model of Viscoelastic Media with Memory Motion in Non-Autonomous Case

We study attractors existence of weak solutions to viscoelastic media with memory motion model in non-autonomous case. The theory of trajectory attractors for non-invariant trajectory spaces is applied and the existence of uniform trajectory attractor and uniform global attractor for this system is proved. The proof of existence theorems is based on the approximation-topological method.

A Novel Efficient Traffic Estimation Strategy Using Hello Messaging Through Local Link Connectivity in MANETs

Network traffic estimation under random mobility of network nodes is one of the key challenges for effective communication in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Under random movement of network nodes and uniform distribution of path durations among neighboring nodes, there must be a unified model to determine an adequate network traffic estimation strategy in MANETs. In this paper, a local link connectivity model that guarantees effective communication among the neighboring nodes inside a cluster is presented. Furthermore, a novel efficient traffic estimation (ETE) strategy is presented using a Markov chain process and Hello messaging through local link connectivity among neighboring nodes under uniform speed and random trajectories of mobile nodes. It has been observed that the ETE strategy is affected by the transmission rate of Hello messages, link probability at current time step of the Markov process, expected number of nodes inside a cluster, received signal strength, and probability of successful reception of the expected Hello messages at next time step of the Markov process. An expected increase in the critical transmission range of a network node as a result of possible overlapping with its neighboring nodes inside the cluster due to random mobility has also been investigated. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate efficacy of the proposed ETE strategy in terms of successful reachability of transmitted Hello messages, mean connection time, mean CH degree, queuing delay, and load balancing. In addition, the ETE strategy achieves better local link connectivity among neighboring nodes, lower Hello messages transmission latency, and better throughput in terms of successful reception of Hello messages by a neighboring node.

A novel technique to determine the required capacitance for a single phase induction motor by applying roundness algorithm

This research paper presents a novel technique to determine the required value of capacitor used in a capacitor-run single phase induction motor. Dynamic analysis of main winding and auxiliary winding currents are performed and the electromagnetic flux revolving in the stator-rotor air gap is studied. In capacitor-run single phase induction motors, the most suitable capacitor is one that produces an electromagnetic flux that has a uniform trajectory (distribution) along the air gap. The novel technique presented in this research paper is the application of roundness algorithm to determine the most uniform trajectory of electromagnetic flux produced by varying auxiliary winding capacitors. The value of capacitance thus found from the proposed technique is compared with the motor manufacturer recommended capacitance. The agreement of the comparison validates the usefulness of the proposed technique.

Attractors for Weak Solutions of a Regularized Model of Viscoelastic Mediums Motion With Memory in Non-Autonomous Case

We study existence of attractors for weak solutions of the regularized model for viscoelastic medium motion with memory in non-autonomous case. We apply the theory of trajectory attractors for non-invariant trajectory spaces and prove the existence of trajectory attractor, global attractor, uniform trajectory attractor, and uniform global attractor for this system.

Managing the late effects of chemoradiation on swallowing: bolstering the beginning, minding the middle, and cocreating the end.

Late dysphagia has a profound impact on quality of life in patients treated with chemoradiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer and the number of survivors is growing. Traditional treatment methods are not uniformly successful in reducing the swallow impairment in these patients. Manifestations of late dysphagia are complex and do not follow a uniform trajectory. Patient's experience of eating and engagement in treatment is critical given the complex, variable nature of late dysphagia. Novel swallow treatment methods target respiratory function including coordination and strength as well as patient adherence. Head and neck cancer survivors deserve routine and fastidious surveillance beyond the 5-year survival point with respect to swallow function if the enormous biopsychosocial burden of late dysphagia is to be addressed.

A Novel Dynamic Link Connectivity Strategy Using Hello Messaging for Maintaining Link Stability in MANETs

Maintaining link stability among randomly deployed network nodes is one of the key challenges for effective communication in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Under uniform speed and random trajectory of mobile nodes, there must be a unified model to determine an adequate strategy that addresses the issue of link stability in MANETs. We present a novel dynamic link connectivity (DLC) strategy that maintains link stability through efficient link connectivity among the neighboring nodes using Hello messaging. We also perform stochastic analysis of the proposed strategy, which predicts the future link status among the neighboring nodes at different time steps of a Markov process. We find that the link stability is affected by the received signal strength, signal‐to‐noise ratio, transition rates between the connection and disconnection states, and probabilities of link connectivity and disconnectivity at steady state. Analytical and simulation results indicate efficacy of the proposed strategy in terms of reduced communication overhead, lower propagation delay, and better energy efficiency of the network. The results also demonstrate that the proposed strategy minimizes the average response time, increases the throughput, and reduces the packet loss ratio, thereby, maintaining efficient link stability among the neighboring nodes.

Existence of the uniform trajectory attractor for a 3D incompressible non-Newtonian fluid flow

This paper studies the trajectory asymptotic behavior of a non-autonomous incompressible non-Newtonian fluid in 3D bounded domains. In appropriate topologies, the authors prove the existence of the uniform trajectory attractor for the translation semigroup acting on the united trajectory space.

Heterochrony in the evolution of Trinidadian guppy offspring size: maturation along a uniform ontogenetic trajectory.

The size and maturity of Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) offspring vary among populations adapted to environments of differential predation. Guppy offspring born to low-predation, high-competition environments are larger and more mature than their high-predation ancestors. Here we ask: what specific changes in developmental or birth timing occur to produce the larger, more mature neonates? We collected specimens across the perinatal window of development from five populations and quantified musculoskeletal maturation. We found that all populations undergo similar ontogenetic trajectories in skeletal and muscle acquisition; the only difference among populations is when neonates emerge along the trajectory. The smallest neonates are born with 20% of their skeleton ossified, whereas the largest neonates are born with over 70% of their skeleton ossified. The area of the major jaw-closing muscle is relatively larger in larger offspring, scaling with length as L2.5. The size range over which offspring are birthed among populations sits along the steepest part of the size–maturity relationship, which provides a large marginal increase in fitness for the high-competition female. Because of the functional effects of producing more mature offspring at birth, offspring size may be the first and most critical life-history trait selected upon in highly competitive environments.