Operations engineers commonly program traffic signal controllers to serve the pedestrian movement at the same time as the parallel vehicular-through movement. This requires drivers completing a permissive left-turn movement to yield to opposing vehicles and pedestrians before selecting an appropriate gap. To minimize the potential safety problem, it is critical that drivers and pedestrians understand the permissive left-turn signal indications. The recently completed NCHRP Report 493 identified that a flashing yellow arrow (FYA) permissive indication provided a preferred alternative to the existing circular green permissive indication and recommended that the FYA permissive indication be included in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. This paper presents research findings of a follow-up study that targeted the FYA impact on pedestrians, including driver comprehension of the need to yield to pedestrians and pedestrians' recognition of appropriate crossing opportunities. Driver and pedestrian com...