Unified Unit Research Articles

Acceleration of 2-D Multiplicative Regularized Contrast Source Inversion Algorithm Using Paralleled Computing Architecture

Nonlinear inversion algorithms of electromagnetic data have been widely used. However, computational cost is still one of the bottlenecks for their applications. In this letter, we study an acceleration scheme for the multifrequency multiplicative regularized contrast source inversion algorithm using compute unified device architecture and graphic process unit (GPU). Numerical results show that the optimized algorithm on paralleled computing device outperforms the one on CPU processors with a significant reduction on computing time while keeping the same level of reconstruction quality. By using this algorithm, we successfully invert the microwave experimental data (2-D Fresnel dataset) in only a few minutes.

ГИДРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ХОДОВОЙ ЧАСТИ АКСИАЛЬНО-ПОРШНЕВОЙ ГИДРОМАШИНЫ

Specific power increase in hydraulic actuators requires the accuracy increase in computation procedures at designing elements of drives and hydromachines. A running gear of a hydromachine is a unified unit, a basic element of a system defining its reliability and servicing characteristics. It finds its equilibrium position at a complex impact of power factors of dif-ferent origin: a hydromechanical effect of working liquid, a thermal effect of liquid and a contact and friction of mechanical parts. A classic decomposition and analysis of separate simulators break the integrity of a working process and its equilibrium position. For taking into account the influence upon hydromachine functionality hydrodynamics and deformation of me-chanical elements forming a flowing part we developed a complex model of functioning a running gear of an axial-piston hydromachine taking into account the existence and interference of power factors with different physical origin. In the paper there are shown the results of the simulation of hydrodynamics, deformation and strength in a complex setting.

Evaluating renewable natural resources flow and net primary productivity with a GIS-Emergy approach: A case study of Hokkaido, Japan.

Renewable natural resources, such as solar radiation, rainfall, wind, and geothermal heat, together with ecosystem services, provide the elementary supports for the sustainable development of human society. To improve regional sustainability, we studied the spatial distributions and quantities of renewable natural resources and net primary productivity (NPP) in Hokkaido, which is the second largest island of Japan. With the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) software, distribution maps for each type of renewable natural resource were generated by kriging interpolation based on statistical records. A composite map of the flow of all types of renewable natural resources was also generated by map layer overlapping. Additionally, we utilized emergy analysis to convert each renewable flow with different attributes into a unified unit (i.e., solar equivalent joules [sej]). As a result, the spatial distributions of the flow of renewable natural resources of the Hokkaido region are presented in the form of thematic emergy maps. Thus, the areas with higher renewable emergy can be easily visualized and identified. The dominant renewable flow in certain areas can also be directly distinguished. The results can provide useful information for regional sustainable development, environmental conservation and ecological management.

A fiber quantum communication system based on an autocompensation optical circuit

An experimental setup for studying the distribution of a quantum key in a fiber optic communication line designed at the Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch is presented. The structure of a unified control unit for studying the distributed quantum key setup using the BB84 protocol with phase encoding is described. Experimental results on quantum key generation are given.

Multiple Time Resolution Stochastic Scheduling for Systems with High Renewable Penetration

This paper presents a stochastic unified unit commitment and economic dispatch model for short-term operations scheduling of power systems with high renewable penetration. The model is a unique stochastic real-time tool that performs economic dispatch with up to 36-hour look-ahead capability, providing dispatch instructions for the first time interval and advisory commitment and dispatch schedules for the remaining scheduling horizon. Variable time resolution is used to contain computational requirements, i.e., finer time resolution is used during the first hours and coarser time resolution during the last hours of the scheduling horizon. The mathematical formulation comprises a MILP problem and it is presented as a two-stage scenario-based stochastic, multiple time resolution unit commitment model. The proposed stochastic model is tested against its deterministic counterpart via an annual simulation of Greek power system short-term operations using real 2013 data. Performance indices concerning dispatch costs, energy balances, and unit cycling are calculated and discussed.

Architecture of unified network based on programmable control gateway

Due to the long-term coexistence of Internet Protocol( IP) and non-IP networks,there exist interconnection and interworking difficulties in heterogeneous networks for the difference of network architectures and protocols. Focusing on the gateway,the key node of heterogeneous networks interconnection,a unified network architecture based on programmable gateway is proposed to solve this problem,which separated the control plane from the data forwarding plane and extracted the combination of the management and control functionality and application service. The unified network architecture divides the network into three layers,which were unified network collaborative management and control unit,programmable gateway,and heterogeneous subnet. The interconnection protocol stack for the typical heterogeneous networks is designed to integrate different protocols. Then the key techniques and theory for the programmable gateway are given and analyzed based on the unified network architecture,including the abstraction and description of heterogeneous networks,intelligent adaptation technology based on programmable gateway,resource management and optimization of unified network,etc. Finally,a typical application case of interconnection networks in civil aviation is given as an illustration to demonstrate the proposed network architecture.

Comparison of advanced power system operations models for large-scale renewable integration

Increased renewable energy sources (RES) penetration requires significant changes in the short-term power system operations practice. Both current industry practices and relevant literature investigate models that operate on variable time scales to address RES uncertainty and variability. This paper presents a comparison of three different integrated short-term power system operations models regarding their ability to deal with large amounts of renewable penetration. The first model is a rolling unified unit commitment-economic dispatch (UUCED) model with variable time resolution, recently introduced by the authors. The second scheduling model comprises a rolling intraday unit commitment and a real-time dispatch with look-ahead capability (two-level model). The third model operates the system on a three-level hierarchy: it comprises a 48-h reliability unit commitment (deterministic or stochastic), a rolling intraday unit commitment and a real-time dispatch with look-ahead capability. The comparison is performed on the basis of an annual simulation of the Greek Interconnected Power System using 2013 historic wind power and load data. Simulation results demonstrate that the UUCED model better accommodates the increasing RES production by minimizing the system operating costs without jeopardizing system security.

Library Statistics: The Russian National Standard

Goals for developing the Russian national standard GOST 7.0.20—2014, System of Standards for Information, Librarianship, and Publishing: Library Statistics: Indicators and Units of Calculation, were to create lists of statistical indicators for library and documentation activities and to establish the statistical units for measuring those activities. The regulations included in the new standard will improve Russian library statistics, since its indicators cover all areas of modern library work. Unified indicators and units of calculation will promote uniformity in the primary statistical data submitted. Such uniformity facilitates accurate comparison and analysis for planning, accounting, and forecasting.

Odor Emission Factors from Livestock Production

The aim of this study was to review papers about odor emissions from livestock production published between 1997 and 2013. The study concerned three animal species: poultry, swine, and dairy cattle. The results of the research are presented in different units, making it difficult to compare them. For this purpose, the odor emission factors were converted with respect to 1 LU (livestock unit=500 kg). The calculated mean odor emission factor was greatest for poultry, followed by swine and dairy cattle, but the coefficient of variation for all animal species was high. Such a variability could be caused by weather and microclimate conditions, the housing system, and measurement methods. Therefore, it is reasonable to continue the odor emission research in order to precisely determine the values of odor emission factors. It is also necessary to develop the common unified methods for air sample collecting as well as unified unit of odor emission factor to make odor emission factors more comaparable. It may be useful in establishing any legal regulations on this subject.

The role of social dimensions on the urban sustainability (Study on the form and social structure integration in the peri-urban areas in Sulaimanyiah city)

Urban development and urban expansion, usually followed by transformations of cities and their surroundings (rural, urban or both). Communities , which have been lived in environments different from those experienced today, became living in hybrid environment, where different urban environments blend. Addressed to the State that result from this development and expansion, emerging negative social effects, which took as a base in exploring a rule of design strategies in restructuring of these areas. It is necessary in thus rapid urbanization situations, which causes an increased fragmentation and heterogeneity around cities, to create urban forms most appropriate for residual growth of these peri-urban settlements on the one hand, and for overall growth of the city as a unified unit, on the other hand. The importance of the study emerged from solving the problem of (integration of urban form and social structure) that may occur during and after the change in peri- urban areas surrounding the southern part of Sulaimaniyah city, due to building a new city (2020) as planned. The paper is trying to explore an appropriate strategy and a mechanism for how this process (reshaping) will occurred, in order to achieve the urban sustainability. So the social dimensions which have a crucial influences on sustainable re-configuration of the city, took as a study hypothec, in order to avoid a state of (urban segregation). To reach this goal, the (Qualitative methods) based as methodology, depending on the introspective views and inductive approaches to draw the proposed frame work, which treated by the study as a (new context), requires the new strategy, for areas around the city described as fragmented, affecting the overall view of urban form, and social cohesion in each settlement as well.
 The study at last, achieved that the configuration will come from the human interaction with both dynamic (social environment), and fixed attributes (natural environment). Besides of that, the social dimensions have had the crucial influences on the urban form in one side, and on the sustainable re-configurations process in the peri-urban areas in the other side.

A Demonstrated System of Earthquake Emergency Auto-Handling Applied in Water Supply

In various kinds of natural disasters, earthquake is one of the most serious threats to the lifeline engineering systems. In the earthquake, except of the structure was destroyed, the function of the lifeline engineering systems was often subject to serious damages or totally loss, even caused fire or blood, or gave away poisonous gas and other series of major secondary disasters. To strengthen the function of the lifeline engineering and avoid or reduce the occurrence of secondary disasters, a demonstrated system of earthquake emergency auto-handling applied in water supply was built. The system was composed by the ED-1 type ground motion sensor module unit, the Panasonic FP-X C30R type PLC unit, The Kunlun Tongtai TPC7062K type unified touch screen unit and the multifunction water tower testing unit. The STA/LTA method and spectral intensity method were applied to deal with the distant earthquake and the near earthquake separately. Through theory and experiment analysis, the earthquake emergency auto-handling system could accurately measures the seismic records and performs the earthquake emergency auto-handling rapidly.

Multiple Time Resolution Unit Commitment for Short-Term Operations Scheduling Under High Renewable Penetration

This paper introduces the idea of unified unit commitment and economic dispatch modeling within a unique tool that performs economic dispatch with up to 24-hour look-ahead capability. The tool provides financially binding dispatch and ex-ante locational marginal prices (LMPs) for the next 5-min interval and advisory commitment, dispatch schedule and prices for the remaining scheduling horizon. Variable time resolution and variable modeling complexity are used in order to reduce computational requirements. A finer time resolution and detailed modeling are used during the first hours of the scheduling horizon while coarser time resolution and simplified modeling during the last ones. The viability of the method for medium-sized systems is demonstrated through its application to the Greek power system.

A Strategy of Constructing Heterogeneous Cost-Sensitive Decision Tree

Usually, the algorithm of constructing cost-sensitive decision tree assume that all types of cost can be converted into a unified units of the same price, apparently how to construct an cost conversion function is an challenge. In this paper, a strategy of constructing heterogeneous cost-sensitive decision tree is designed and the different cost are take into account together in split attribute selection. Whats more, an attribute selection model based on heterogeneous cost-sensitive is constructed and the pruning strategy based on cost-sencitive is designed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is correct and more efficient than the present other methods

Quantifying the emission’s impact of coal mining activities on the environment and human health in process

Discharges and emissions in the coal mining process have a strong effect both on the environment and on human health. This problem is usually be a negative one and has only been recognized qualitatively, due to the lack of effective quantitative methods. Based on emergy theory and accounting methodology, a set of quantitative methods for accounting the environmental support due to pollutants emissions was first introduced. Then impacts on environment and effects on human health were quantified using the unified units. The results indicated that water pollutants caused more impacts on the environment than air pollutants did, i.e., more environmental contributions are needed to dilute and absorb water pollutants. The occupation of land caused by coal mining gangue waste stacking has led to a huge loss of environmental services over the years. Moreover, the potential damage on the human condition health caused by CO2 through climate change cannot be ignored. Finally, the impacts of mining activities on environmental and human health in unified units are shown to provide a quantitative insight into the disadvantage of coal mining. The comparable results of the method indicate the different influence of various pollutants and the contribution of ‘natural capital’ directly. This work is a part of ongoing thermodynamic input-output analysis and life cycle analysis of coal mining systems (which are in process.)

Changes in Vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures due to Rebasing with Different Techniques

ABSTRACT Dental literature is devoid of information in respect of altered incisal pin relation due to compression molding in a single denture. It is to be reckoned that in rebasing technique, the entire segment of teeth remain fixed through a matrix of set polymethylmethacrylate that binds all the teeth. Thus, the artificial teeth do not remain as individual but act as a single unified unit of all the teeth. In view of lack of information in change in vertical dimension due to rebasing procedures and with the aim of determining the method of rebasing that result in minimal changes in occlusal discrepancy, the study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in vertical dimension of occlusion after rebasing using two different methods. How to cite this article Mohammed S, Alla RK, Devarhubli A, Shakeel SK. Changes in Vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures due to Rebasing with Different Techniques. World J Dent 2013;4(2):96-99.

1612 Premedication for Neonatal Intubation: Current Practice in Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveDespite strong evidence of the benefits of rapid sequence intubation in neonates, it is still infrequently utilized in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), contributing to avoidable pain and secondary procedure-related...

Adsorption desalination: An emerging low-cost thermal desalination method

Desalination, other than the natural water cycle, is hailed as the panacea to alleviate the problems of fresh water shortage in many water stressed countries. However, the main drawback of conventional desalination methods is that they are energy intensive. In many instances, they consumed electricity, chemicals for pre- and post-treatment of water. For each kWh of energy consumed, there is an unavoidable emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) at the power stations as well as the discharge of chemically-laden brine into the environment. Thus, there is a motivation to find new direction or methods of desalination that consumed less chemicals, thermal energy and electricity.This paper describes an emerging and yet low cost method of desalination that employs only low-temperature waste heat, which is available in abundance from either the renewable energy sources or exhaust of industrial processes. With only one heat input, the Adsorption Desalination (AD) cycle produces two useful effects, i.e., high grade potable water and cooling. In this article, a brief literature review, the theoretical framework for adsorption thermodynamics, a lumped-parameter model and the experimental tests for a wide range of operational conditions on the basic and the hybrid AD cycles are discussed. Predictions from the model are validated with measured performances from two pilot plants, i.e., a basic AD and the advanced AD cycles. The energetic efficiency of AD cycles has been compared against the conventional desalination methods. Owing to the unique features of AD cycle, i.e., the simultaneous production of dual useful effects, it is proposed that the life cycle cost (LCC) of AD is evaluated against the LCC of combined machines that are needed to deliver the same quantities of useful effects using a unified unit of $/MWh. In closing, an ideal desalination system with zero emission of CO2 is presented where geo-thermal heat is employed for powering a temperature-cascaded cogeneration plant.

Premedication for neonatal intubation: Current practice in Saudi Arabia

Background:Despite strong evidence of the benefits of rapid sequence intubation in neonates, it is still infrequently utilized in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), contributing to avoidable pain and secondary procedure-related physiological disturbances.Objectives:The primary objective of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the practice of premedication and regimens commonly used before elective endotracheal intubation in NICUs in Saudi Arabia. The secondary aim was to explore neonatal physicians’ attitudes regarding this intervention in institutions across Saudi Arabia.Methods:A web-based, structured questionnaire was distributed by the Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, to neonatal physicians and consultants of 10 NICUs across the country by E-mail. Responses were tabulated and descriptive statistics were conducted on the variables extracted.Results:85% responded to the survey. Although 70% believed it was essential to routinely use premedication for all elective intubations, only 41% implemented this strategy. 60% cited fear of potential side effects for avoiding premedication and 40% indicated that the procedure could be executed more rapidly without drug therapy. Treatment regimens varied widely among respondents.Conclusion:Rates of premedication use prior to non-emergent neonatal intubation are suboptimal. Flawed information and lack of unified unit policies hampered effective implementation. Evidence-based guidelines may influence country-wide adoption of this practice.

Decision tree classifiers sensitive to heterogeneous costs

There are nine major types of cost involved in cost-sensitive learning that are with heterogeneous units in general, referred to heterogeneous costs. Extant cost-sensitive learning (CSL) algorithms are based on the assumption that all involved costs can be transformed into a unified unit, called as homogeneous assumption of costs. While it is a challenge to construct many suitable transformation functions for the costs with diverse units, this paper designs a heterogeneous-cost sensitive learning (HCSL) algorithm to make split attribute selection more effective. This paper first proposes an efficient method of reducing the heterogeneity caused by both cost mechanisms and attribute information. And then, all heterogeneous costs with attribution information together are incorporated into the process of split attribute selection, called as HCAI-based split attribute selection. Third, the over-fitting is tackled by designing a simple and effective smoothing strategy, so as to build cost-sensitive decision tree classifiers with the HCSL algorithm. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed HCSL algorithm on six UCI datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods for handling the heterogeneity caused by cost mechanisms and attribute information.

Emergy analysis of the urban metabolism of Beijing

Cities can be modeled as if they were superorganisms with a range of metabolic processes. Research on this urban metabolism can contribute to solving urban environmental problems by revealing details of the metabolic throughput of the system. A key issue is how to find a common basis for measuring the environmental and economic values. By providing a single unified unit, emergy theory integrates the natural and socioeconomic systems and thoroughly evaluates a system's metabolism. We analyzed Beijing's urban metabolic system using emergy synthesis to evaluate its environmental resources, economy, and environmental and economic relations with the regions outside the city during 14 years of development. We compared Beijing's emergy indices with those of five other Chinese cities and of China as a whole to assess Beijing's relative development status. These indices are the emergy self-support ratio (metabolic dependence), the environmental load ratio (metabolic loading), empower density (metabolic pressure), emergy used per person (metabolic intensity per capita), and the monetary equivalent of emergy (emdollars; metabolic intensity). Based on our emergy analysis, Beijing's socioeconomic system is not self-sufficient, and depends greatly on external environmental resources. Its GDP is supported by a high percentage of emergy purchased from outside the city. During the study period, Beijing's urban system showed an increasing dependence on external resources for its economic development. Beijing's loading and pressure on the ecological environment is continuously increasing, accompanied by continuously increasing human emergy consumption. In the future, it will become increasingly necessary to improve Beijing's metabolic efficiency.