Unified Unit Research Articles

Efficient control scheme development for a highly integrated multi-component distillation process

This research aims to address intricate control challenges in a highly integrated multi-component distillation process within a polyolefin elastomers plant. The studied process incorporates various process intensification techniques into a unified unit, resulting in strong interactivity and presenting unique control challenges. To tackle these challenges, a rigorous mathematical model of the distillation process is established, and index reduction is employed to handle the high-index DAE system. Various control structures and algorithms are utilized to comprehensively assess their feasibility and effectiveness in disturbance rejection, setpoint tracking, and handling inaccurate measurements. The control structures include temperature inferential control, temperature-composition hybrid control, and composition control. The control algorithms encompass PI control, linear model predictive control (LMPC), and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). Results indicate that both temperature-composition hybrid control and composition control exhibit comparable and superior performance. This suggests that temperature-composition hybrid control is an effective and cost-efficient configuration for complex distillation systems. The dynamic responses of MPC outperform those of PI control, as evidenced by a reduction in the integral of the absolute error. NMPC exhibits the most outstanding performance in all scenarios, showcasing the smallest maximum deviations and shortest settling times.

ADVANCED AUTONOMOUS SURVEILLANCE ROBOT FOR ENHANCED MONITORING AND INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION

The primary objective is to detect and identify suspicious activities and potential threats in a precise manner while prioritizing human safety leveraging surveillance technology and machine learning. The implementation of this system involves coding in Python using the OpenCV library. It utilizes Wi-Fi connectivity as a means of communication. The robot is equipped with a Raspberry Pi along with a USB web camera, which captures video footage and employs object detection algorithms to identify unknown individuals. When a person or an object is detected, the system sends an email to the dedicated email addresses including an image of the unrecognized individual. The proposed system is designed as a unified unit responsible for monitoring the environment for hazardous conditions and delivering real-time video feedback. The proposed system is simulated and tested in real-time to observe its functionality, and it is observed that the system works properly as per given input conditions.

Bundle care approach to reduce device associated infections in post-living-donor-liver transplantation in a tertiary care hospital, Egypt

BackgroundDevice-associated infections (DAIs) are a significant cause of morbidity following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We aimed to assess the impact of bundled care on reducing rates of device-associated infections.MethodsWe performed a before-and-after comparative study at a liver transplantation facility over a three-year period, spanning from January 2016 to December 2018. The study included a total of 57 patients who underwent LDLT. We investigated the implementation of a care bundle, which consists of multiple evidence-based procedures that are consistently performed as a unified unit. We divided our study into three phases and implemented a bundled care approach in the second phase. Rates of pneumonia related to ventilators [VAP], bloodstream infections associated with central line [CLABSI], and urinary tract infections associated with catheters [CAUTI] were assessed throughout the study period. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the automated Vitek-2 system. The comparison between different phases was assessed using the chi-square test or the Fisher exact test for qualitative values and the Kruskal-Wallis H test for quantitative values with non-normal distribution.ResultsIn the baseline phase, the VAP rates were 73.5, the CAUTI rates were 47.2, and the CLABSI rates were 7.4 per one thousand device days (PDD). During the bundle care phase, the rates decreased to 33.3, 18.18, and 4.78. In the follow-up phase, the rates further decreased to 35.7%, 16.8%, and 2.7% PDD. The prevalence of Klebsiella pneumonia (37.5%) and Methicillin resistance Staph aureus (37.5%) in VAP were noted. The primary causative agent of CAUTI was Candida albicans, accounting for 33.3% of cases, whereas Coagulase-negative Staph was the predominant organism responsible for CLABSI, with a prevalence of 40%.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing the care bundle approach to reduce DAI in LDLT, especially in low socioeconomic countries with limited resources. By implementing a comprehensive set of evidence-based interventions, healthcare systems can effectively reduce the burden of DAI, enhance infection prevention strategies and improve patient outcomes in resource-constrained settings.

EVALUASI SISTEM AKUNTANSI PEMBELIAN TUNAI PADA TOKO ROXY SWALAYAN ENDE

The cash sales accounting system is a unified unit of cash sales system elements and works together which includes functions related to documents and records used as well as internal controls governing cash sales activities. The cash sales accounting system implemented by the company will not run well if it is not balanced with a good internal control system. The purpose of this study was to determine the cash sales accounting system at Roxy Supermarkets Ende. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The results showed that (1) Functions related to sales transactions were sales function, cash function, warehouse function, shipping function and accounting function. (2) The documents used by Roxy Supermarkets consist of cash sales invoices and proof of bank deposits in accordance with the theory put forward by Mulyadi. However, there are several documents such as cash register tapes, bills of lading, COD sales invoices, recapitulation of cost of goods sold, and proof of memorials that are not applied to Roxy Supermarkets. (3) Accounting records, namely sales journals, cash receipts journals, inventory card general journals, and warehouse cards, have not been applied to Roxy Supermarkets. (4) The cash sales accounting system procedure network used by Roxy Supermarkets consists of sales order procedures, cash receipt procedures, goods delivery procedures, and cash deposit procedures which are in accordance with Mulyadi's theory. However, there are several procedures for the cash sales system that are not implemented at Roxy Supermarkets, namely the procedure for recording cash sales, the procedure for recording cash receipts, and the procedure for recording the cost of goods sold.

A unified unit root test regardless of intercept

Using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test to verify the existence of a unit root in an autoregressive process often requires the correctly specified intercept, since the test statistics can be distinctive under different model specifications and lead to contradictory results at times. In this article, we develop a unified inference that not only unifies the specifications of the intercept but also accommodates different degrees of persistence of the underlying process and heteroscedastic errors. A simulation study shows that the resulting unified unit root test exhibits excellent size control and reasonably good power. In an empirical application, we implement the proposed test to re-examine the presence of unit roots within eleven widely used variables in stock return predictability.

Wireless automated environmental monitoring system

Advancements in compact integrated circuit fabrication have allowed the amalgamation of wireless transceivers, signal processing, and sensors into a unified unit. This breakthrough enables seamless interaction with the physical realm, with applications spanning security, production oversight, and environmental monitoring. Herein, we investigate the design nuances of a distributed sensor network, where each node operates under energy and communication constraints. The integration of existing wireless technologies, computational capabilities, and organic polymers into a new breed of intelligent devices stands as a pivotal aspect. Within this article, we scrutinize the deployment of a wireless sensor network utilizing the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. Leveraging organic polymers as a sensing stratum enhances energy efficiency and selective sensitivity in monitoring applications. Notably, the expeditious and cost-effective production of electronics rooted in organic polymers constitutes a substantial advantage. Flexible organic electronics, hinging on the semiconductor and flexible traits of organic materials, represent a foundational element of our technology. We delve into key performance prerequisites for operational devices, along with accomplishments and technical hurdles in the realm of designing and fabricating next-generation devices, targeting the optimization of products.

Research on the creation of a joint filler on the basis of a trailed tractor

This article is dedicated to the development of a joint filler for cracks in asphalt concrete pavement, as well as for expansion joints in cement concrete pavement. The article presents the choice of unified units and units of the joint filler unit being developed for cracks in asphalt concrete pavement and for expansion joints in cement concrete pavement. Some methods for calculating the main parameters of the created joint filler are presented. In addition, a suitable prototype of a joint filler, cracks in the asphalt concrete pavement and expansion joints in the cement concrete pavement were selected from several types.

Analytical study of the actual cost of the completed overhaul of multi-apartment residential buildings in Russia

This paper examines the distinctive features of the pricing system when planning and carrying out overhaul in multi-apartment residential buildings. The authors analyzed the data posted in public resources, after which they were optimized in terms of sufficiency for further research. Due to the qualitative heterogeneity of the data, a unified unit of measure was proposed and introduced for the present value of the overhaul works. To select data and determine their stable relationships in a series, calculations of absolute and relative indicators of variation were performed. The results of the study showed that the coefficient of variation of the average present costs of overhaul of apartment buildings within the framework of the totality of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is equally homogeneous and heterogeneous for various types of work. It was found that for certain types of work, cost indicators have a stable average, while for others it is impossible to single out this indicator.

Shiāghatu Manhaji Qism Ta’līm al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah bi Jāmi’ati Batu Sangkar al-Islāmiyyah al-Hukumiyyah wa ‘Alāqatihaa bi Manhaj al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah fī al-Madrasah al-Mutawasithah

This research aims to describe how the approach to curriculum development of the Arabic language department at Batusankar State Islamic University, implementation of Arabic curricula in MTs / West Sumatra, relationship of the Arabic language curriculum of Batusankar State Islamic University with the achievement of the objectives of the Arabic curricula MTs / in West Sumatra. This research uses a qualitative design, with a multi-faceted approach to discuss the synchronization of the curricula of Arabic education departments with Arabic language teaching in MTs/ in West Sumatra and then obtaining this research data using documentation, observation and in-depth interview techniques. Then validate the data correctly, constraints by triangulating the data. The results showed that the curriculum of the Arabic language department at Batusankar State Islamic University is the result of "institutional union" respectively, not "structural union". The “institutional” results development model is called the grass-roots model with an academic subject approach. The Arab Curriculum Development Model for West Sumatra District Managers follows a “linear pillars” or “top-down” line of command procedure. The implementation plan for the implementation of the Arab curriculum for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is implemented by Salbous and the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) / preparation and implementation of a curriculum that cannot be separated. So that its maintenance is considered a unified unit. Then between the curriculum of the State Islamic University of Batusankar, the achievement of the objectives of the Arabic curricula, the MTs / middle school in West Sumatra has a relevant relationship. Keywords: approach to curriculum, curriculum of the Arabic language, The Arab Curriculum

Computational model of CAR T-cell immunotherapy dissects and predicts leukemia patient responses at remission, resistance, and relapse

BackgroundAdaptive CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell transfer has become a promising treatment for leukemia. Although patient responses vary across different clinical trials, reliable methods to dissect and predict patient...

ADVANTAGES OF USING HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT OF MODULAR MOUNTING IN THE MODERNIZATION OF MACHINE HYDROSYSTEMS

With each passing year, automation schemes that use hydraulics are becoming more and more complex. With the large number of hydraulic devices in the scheme, replacing threaded connections with other methods of mounting becomes very important. The analysis of building and mounting of hydraulic drives and hydraulic units on the example of metal-cutting machines, namely: round saw and turret lathe. The analysis shows that the optimal variant of pipeless mounting of hydraulic drives is mounting with the use of modular and butt hydraulic equipment. The main advantages of modular mounting are: reducing the number of pipelines and their connections; increasing drive rigidity, reducing noise; compactness, small size and weight; reducing labor costs and time for design and manufacture of the drive; convenience of operation, the ability to quickly reconfigure the drive, replace the failed unit without disassembly of the hydraulic drive; unification of mounting plates and hydraulic panels; increasing their seriality. In addition, with this type of mounting, there is always a constant distance between the individual devices and regulating bodies of different apparatuses that make up a typical element of a hydraulic system (its structural contour). This makes it possible to determine in advance the characteristics, properties and "behavior" not of individual hydraulic apparatuses included in the hydraulic system of the machine drive, but of groups of apparatuses that make up typical modular units. We have an opportunity to judge the characteristics of the hydraulic drive of the machine as a whole already at the stage of its design by predetermined characteristics of typical elements (modular units) included in the hydraulic system of the machine, which will significantly reduce the time for designing, debugging and launching the drive in production. The group of metalworking equipment, in which the hydraulic drive on the basis of modular and butt hydraulic equipment is easily performed, includes: turning group machines; drilling and boring machines; grinding group machines; broaching machines; cutting machines, milling machines and other special machines. Justified selection of the nomenclature of normalized hydrostations, modular and butt hydraulic apparatuses and other unified elements can solve the problem of creating up to 70–75 % of the manufactured hydraulic drives completely based on unified units.

CYTOCON: The manually curated database of human in vivo cell and molecule concentrations.

Cell and cYTOkine CONcentrations DataBase (CYTOCON DB) is a project undertaken by the InSysBio team and aimed at the development of a database that allows collecting, processing, and visualizing publicly available in vivo human data on baseline concentrations of cells, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules. Besides manual curation, an important feature of CYTOCON is that most values found in papers are converted from a huge variety of original units (i.e., mg/ml and number of cells per mm2 of biopsy surface section) to unified units: "pM" for cytokine and "kcell/L" for cell concentration. These features of the database can help researchers facilitate the creation and calibration of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models. Possible applications can be: estimation of the average value or variability of the cell, cytokine or chemokine concentrations for patient groups with different characteristics, such as age, gender, disease severity, disease subtype, etc.; and analysis of correlations among the cell, cytokine, or chemokine concentrations in patients with different characteristics, such as severity of the disease.

Exploration of Multiple Unknown Areas by Swarm of Robots Utilizing Virtual-Region-Based Splitting and Merging Technique

This paper describes an efficacious virtual-region-based shape control scheme for exploring an unknown occluded dynamic environment, likely to have multiple targets, by a swarm of robots. The traditional leader-follower strategy has been intertwined with the shape control technique to achieve group-splitting of the robotic swarm in multi-target or multi-path scenarios. If multiple passages are detected by the parent swarm during the navigational process, several sub-swarms with proportionate agents will be created for progressing through these separate paths. The splitting philosophy is dependent on the fitment of the virtual elliptical regions in each of the paths found ahead, which will guide their respective sub-swarms to navigate further. This work, subsequently, conceives a realistic condition where two or more pathways merge to form a single lane, leading to a unique target. In such situations, the sub-swarms (operating in those paths) rejoin and proceed to the goal as a unified unit. Therefore, in this work, two different features of a swarm robotics framework, namely splitting and merging, have been studied. The scalability control plan ensures strict cohesiveness amongst the agents (inside the mother swarm or any sub-swarm) during the exploration steps. To substantiate the efficacy of the proposed technique, simulation results along with hardware experiment are duly furnished in this article. Note to Practitioners—In recent years, autonomous robots have played an increasingly significant role in civil applications. The search and rescue operation is one such example. In this specific field, swarm robotic systems have the potential to significantly improve efficiency with faster search and rescue of victims, initial assessment and mapping of the environment, real-time monitoring, and surveillance operations. Motivated from this specification, in this work, we offer a novel trajectory planning technique for a robotic swarm employing the region-based shape control scheme with the leader-follower approach for achieving the splitting and merging. The proposed solution can be used in any kind of environmental circumstance, such as single or multiple targets, single or multiple pathways, and so on, such as a normal rescue operation in which several victims may be found in different locations. Moreover, to undertake complete surveillance, it would be cost-effective to deploy one large swarm and then split it into sub-swarms based on the requirements.

Efficiency of an innovative multifunctional technological complex for tillage and sowing with sim-ultaneous application of solid and liquid mineral fertilizers

The results of an expert analysis and field research of an innovative complex, combined, multifunctional technological complex of Evrotechnika JSC are given. The complex consists of a universal key, unifying unit FDC-6000 with tanks and related equipment for applying liquid nitrogen fertilizers KAS by agricultural tillage and sowing machines, including an innovative one (equalizer).

Clustering-Based Travel Pattern for Individual Travel Prediction of Frequent Passengers by Using Transit Smart Card

Individual travel prediction is very important for the construction of intelligent urban transportation systems. Previous studies mainly focus on the improvement of algorithms, but pay little attention to the mining of data information. In this paper, the concept of the travel pattern is introduced into the field of individual travel prediction of frequent bus passengers. The travel pattern of passengers refers to the trip with similar boarding time and similar boarding and alighting stations of the same person. Through clustering the travel pattern by DBSCAN algorithm, the regularity of passenger travel can be better exploited and travel information can be integrated into a unified unit as well. In the process of prediction, we first predict whether the passenger will travel, and then, if so, predict the probability distribution of the next trip conditional on the previous one. The proposed method is tested using the Automatic Fare Collection data of Chengdu’s frequent bus passengers in May 2019. Based on travel pattern, the average accuracy of travel information prediction is about 41%, which is 13% higher than the method without using travel pattern. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the influence of spatial threshold in clustering on the prediction results.

AGRFNet: Two-stage cross-modal and multi-level attention gated recurrent fusion network for RGB-D saliency detection

RGB-D saliency detection aims to identify the most attractive objects in a pair of color and depth images. However, most existing models adopt classic U-Net framework which progressively decodes two-stream features. In this paper, we decode the cross-modal and multi-level features in a unified unit, named Attention Gated Recurrent Unit (AGRU). It can reduce the influence of low-quality depth image, and retain more semantic features in the progressive fusion process. Specifically, the features of different modalities and different levels are organized as the sequential input, recurrently fed into AGRU which consists of reset gate, update gate and memory unit to be selectively fused and adaptively memorized based on attention mechanism. Further, two-stage AGRU serves as the decoder of RGB-D salient object detection network, named AGRFNet. Due to the recurrent nature, it achieves the best performance with the little parameters. In order to further improve the performance, three auxiliary modules are designed to better fuse semantic information, refine the features of the shallow layer and enhance the local detail. Extensive experiments on seven widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that AGRFNet performs favorably against 18 state-of-the-art RGB-D SOD approaches.

A Unified Unit Root Test Regardless of Intercept

A Unified Unit Root Test Regardless of Intercept

An analysis of three pricing strategies for digital music products

Digital music albums can be sold either as singles or as a full album, which is not an option for selling physical music products. This paper investigates three pricing strategies for selling digital music albums. The first (strategy S) sets a unified unit price and all songs are sold at this price. The second (strategy F) determines a bundling price for selling the whole album. The third (strategy M) mixes strategies S and F. It offers two prices: one is for a unit song and the other for the whole album. We develop mathematical models for this problem and design enumeration-based iteration algorithms to solve these models for optimality. Through a database consisting of 243 groups of numerical results, we establish a decision tree model, a popular data mining technique, to explain which strategy should be employed under various conditions.

Quotation Strategies of Non-Truck Operating Common Carrier Based on Multivariate Statistical Regression and Triple Pricing Model

Combined with the existing transaction orders of carless carriers, the numerical information and text and information are extracted, and the related factors of line guide price are integrated, and the relationship between relevant factors and line guide price is studied. Using the unified unit and 0-1 text setting method, preprocessing data, eliminating the influence of numerical units, quantifying textual data, so that the data can be put into the relevant equations for testing. According to the characterization relationship between the guiding price and factors, a multivariate linear statistical regression model was established, and the statistical P value was used for testing to verify the availability of the model. The index of price overflow rate and equilibrium degree are put forward as the standard to evaluate whether the transaction price of an order is reasonable. The normal distribution of orders can be verified by looking at the scatter plot of the cumulative percentage of transactions and the price spillover rate of orders. According to the central limit theorem of large sample data with normal distribution, the sample can be sampled in sections and the summation can be taken as the transaction probability. According to the operation mode of the vehicle-free carrier platform, the transaction mode of three quotations is added to re-quote the line. The pricing obtained from multiple linear statistical regression is used as the benchmark, and the dynamic pricing strategy is re-customized according to the principle of the first quotation giving priority to lowering the price, the second quotation giving priority to stabilizing the transaction, and the third quotation giving priority to the success rate. The sensitivity analysis shows that the platform can get a revenue increase of 33%∼48% based on this new pricing strategy, and meanwhile improve the balance and stability of orders. The research report provides a calculation method of a new quotation model with high turnover rate and stable income for the non-truck operating common carrier platform, and has a guiding significance for the construction of the non-truck operating common carrier trading system, especially the rationality of the price formulation and the stability of the transaction order quantity.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЗАКЛАДКИ ПРОБНЫХ ПЛОЩАДЕЙ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ИНВЕНТАРИЗАЦИИ ЛЕСОВ

The state inventory of forests (SIF) in the Russian Federation is a set of measures to assess the condition of forests, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics and is a strategically important type of forest accounting. However, the system of inventory works borrowed from the countries of Western Europe could not be fully adapted to the Russian conditions. The procedure for conducting the GIL does not contribute to the dynamic implementation of the project, and the methodology for conducting the SIF needs to be adjusted. The aim of the work is to optimize the activity on the state forest inventory when laying test plots. The materials of forest inventory, SFR data, the work of leading scientists on similar topics have been analyzed. When determining the factors that have the greatest significance for the variation of the stand stock, a statistical method based on correlation-regression analysis was applied. The most significant were the planting age, trunk diameter, and type of forest growing conditions (FGC). It is proposed to use the type of forest growing conditions as a unified unit of stratification. This indicator can be used equally on wooded and unforested land. It has been established that the territories where it is advisable to conduct SIF with a predominance of remote sensing methods are about 70%. A simplified method for laying test plots at SIF is proposed, which will enable to lay of a larger number of test plots per unit of time without losing the quality of inventory work